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In this study, we investigated the co-occurrence of the two parasites in the same immune-competent host cell towards altered patterns of parasite-host interactions. Chicken blood monocyte\u2013derived macrophages were co-infected with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> RH tachyzoites and <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> Houghton sporozoites in vitro for 24\u00a0h. Through monitoring the uptake of pH-sensitive pHrodo\u2122 Zymosan BioParticles (\u201cZymosan\u201d) by macrophages, we created a three-dimensional model and to analyze quantitatively phagocytosis using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Assessments of parasite populations were performed by qPCR at 2, 6, 12, and 24\u00a0h post-infection (hpi). At 6\u00a0hpi, phagocytosis was inhibited in the <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected cultures while no inhibition of phagocytosis was observed due to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. Phagocytosis activity revealed more complex interactions during co-infection. At 12 and 24\u00a0hpi, phagocytosis response to \u201cZymosan\u201d was distinctly weaker in co-infected cells than in all other groups except for cells mono-infected with high doses of <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> at 24\u00a0hpi. By qPCR, significantly reduced numbers of both intracellular parasites were recorded (10-fold) in all infected groups at 2\u00a0hpi. At 12\u00a0hpi, the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> population reached lowest values but dramatically increased by 24\u00a0hpi. Our data confirm that macrophage phagocytosis is involved in the control of invasion by apicomplexan parasites in chicken which particularly applies to <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> infection and it was able to be altered by the co-existing parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06900-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T23:05:22Z","timestamp":1602111922000},"page":"4159-4168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Apicomplexan co-infections impair with phagocytic activity in avian macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanpeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwid","family":"Daugschies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Bangoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"6900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.593","volume":"17","author":"A Aderem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aderem A, Underhill DM (1999) Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages. 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