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Dog 1, asymptomatic, harbored a gravid female of <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic> on the parietal layer of <jats:italic>tunica vaginalis<\/jats:italic> of one testicle and showed a marked circulating eosinophilia (3.3\u00b710<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL). Both testicles were normal in shape and size without any gross lesions. Dog 2 had a pyotraumatic dermatitis. The cases were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The sequences obtained showed 100% identity with those of <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic> isolated from human scrotum in Croatia. The treatment with moxidectin 2.5% and imidacloprid 10%\/kg was effective in eliminating microfilariae after just one application, as demonstrated by negative\u00a0modified Knott\u2019s tests and PCR analyses of blood samples. This status was maintained during the post-treatment observation period. The classical localization of <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic> in dogs is in subcutaneous tissues, within nodules or free; however, it can also occur with some frequency in testicles, as described in humans. The infection can be associated with circulating eosinophilia or pyotraumatic dermatitis, as reported in this study. Thus, in endemic areas, it is advisable to carefully inspect the removed testicles at neutering since parasite localization can take place without any macroscopic changes. Moreover, in the case of circulating eosinophilia or pyotraumatic dermatitis, investigations should include modified Knott\u2019s test and PCR to ensure that <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic> is not the cause of these alterations. Rapid and sensitive tests for the early detection of infected animals would help to prevent or limit the spread of this zoonosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06926-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T14:04:02Z","timestamp":1603202642000},"page":"109-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Usual or unusual presentations of Dirofilaria repens in two sibling dogs: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Barlozzari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Salvato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"De Liberato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Furzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Scarpulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6926_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12795","volume":"59","author":"D Agapito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agapito D, Aziz N-AA, Wang T, Morgan ER, Wright I (2018) Subconjunctival Dirofilaria repens infection in a dog resident in the UK. 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