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Our goal was to test the hypothesis that micro-mammals play a role in<jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>, and\/or<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>x<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>transmission. Small mammal sampling was conducted in seven semi-lacustrine villages of southern Benin. Among the 62 animals trapped, 50 individuals were investigated for<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>adults and eggs: 37<jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>, 3<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>, 9<jats:italic>Mastomys natalensis<\/jats:italic>, and 1<jats:italic>Crocidura olivieri<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>adults were found in four<jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>and two<jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>, with a local prevalence reaching 80% and 50%, respectively<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>Two cercarial chronotypes were found from<jats:italic>Bulinus globosus<\/jats:italic>experimentally infected with miracidia extracted from naturally infected<jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>: a late diurnal and nocturnal chronotype, and an early diurnal, late diurnal, and nocturnal chronotype. The cytochrome C oxidase subunit I mtDNA gene of the collected schistosomes (adults, miracidia, and cercariae) belonged to the<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>clade. Eleven internal transcribed spacer rDNA profiles were found; four belonged to<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>and seven to<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>x<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>. These molecular results together with the observed multi-peak chronotypes add<jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>as a new host implicated in<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>x<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>transmission. We discuss the origin of the new chronotypes which have become more complex with the appearance of several peaks in a 24-h day. We also discuss how the new populations of offspring may optimize intra-host ecological niche, host spectrum, and transmission time period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07099-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T06:44:11Z","timestamp":1615272251000},"page":"1755-1770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) as a natural host for Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz, 1852) Weinland, 1858 x Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876 introgressive hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3536-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris A.E.S.","family":"Savassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gauthier","family":"Dobigny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas R.","family":"Etougb\u00e9tch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalasse T.","family":"Avocegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois T.","family":"Quinsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3517-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moudachirou","family":"Ibikounl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Mon\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0332-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Mouahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.434","volume":"62","author":"K Barber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barber K, Mkoji G, Loker E (2000) PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS2 region to identify Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis from Kenya. 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This study is covered by the official agreement between the Republic of Benin and IRD (06\/04\/2017) as well as the UAC\/IRD convention (30\/10\/2010). Work on rodents and their parasites is covered by a benefit-sharing protocol (Access and Mutual Benefit Sharing agreement following Nagoya protocol in Benin number 608\/DGEFC\/DCPRN\/PF-APA\/SA). All the species that were captured for this paper were classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list category as stable (for the rodents) or at least concern (for the <i>Crocidura<\/i>) and were neither vulnerable nor endangered.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The Director of Kessounou school (Pr Jean-Pierre Tokpo) obtained informed consent from the parents of all the schoolchildren who participated in the study and all the schoolchildren were done chemotherapy after the study. Study objectives and protocols were systematically explained to the councilors in order to obtain their formal oral agreement to work within the areas under their responsibility. Oral agreements to enter home were also formally obtained by all inhabitants before setting traps inside their home.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}