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This also accounts for parasites during antiparasitic treatment. Recently, we established matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in blood flukes and liver flukes. This label-free technique is capable of visualizing the molecular distribution of endogenous and exogenous molecules, such as drug compounds. Here, we conducted atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe MALDI MSI (AP-SMALDI MSI) of tissue sections of adult\n                    <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    that have been treated in vitro with 100\u00a0\u00b5M of triclabendazole (TCBZ), the drug of choice for treatment of fasciolosis, and its main metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO). Measurements covered an\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    mass range of 250\u20131,000 and provided a high spatial resolution using a pixel size of 10\u00a0\u00b5m. To support the interpretation of drug distribution, we first identified endogenous lipids that mark characteristic tissues such as the gastrodermis, the tegument, and the parenchyma. The obtained results suggested an early tegumental route of TCBZ uptake within 20\u00a0min, followed by spreading throughout the parasite after 4\u00a0h, and an even distribution in most tissues after 12\u00a0h. This coincided with a strong reduction of parasite vitality. TCBZ-SO treatment demonstrated the accumulation of this metabolite in the same tissues as the parent drug compound. These data demonstrate the auspicious potential of MALDI MSI to visualize uptake and distribution patterns of drugs or drug-candidate compounds in parasites, which might contribute to preclinical drug discovery in liver fluke research and beyond.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07388-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T23:34:59Z","timestamp":1642980899000},"page":"1145-1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spatial visualization of drug uptake and distribution in Fasciola hepatica using high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Carolin M.","family":"Morawietz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra M.","family":"Peter Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph G.","family":"Grevelding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Haeberlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0179-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Spengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"7388_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182005007997","volume":"131","author":"LI Alvarez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alvarez LI, Solana HD, Mottier ML, Virkel GL, Fairweather I, Lanusse CE (2005) Altered drug influx\/efflux and enhanced metabolic activity in triclabendazole-resistant liver flukes. 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The experiments were approved by the Regional Council (Regierungspraesidium) Giessen (V54-19c20 15\u00a0h 02 GI 18\/10 Nr. A16\/2018).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"B.S. and C.G.G. are consultants of TransMIT GmbH. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}