{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:58:14Z","timestamp":1771041494595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["26\/202.824\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26\/202.824\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07521-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T07:03:24Z","timestamp":1650265404000},"page":"1761-1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of amiodarone, amioder, and dronedarone on Trichomonas vaginalis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Tatiana Guinancio","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Benaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanderley","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4957-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Benchimol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01129-10","volume":"55","author":"D Adesse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adesse D, Azzam EM, MeirellesMde N, Urbina JA, Garzoni LR (2011) Amiodarone inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi infection and promotes cardiac cell recovery with gap junction and cytoskeleton reassembly in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:203\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01129-10","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01240-13","volume":"58","author":"G Benaim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benaim G, Casanova P, Hernandez-Rodriguez V et al (2014) Dronedarone, an amiodarone analog with improved anti-Leishmania mexicana efficacy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:2295\u20132303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01240-13","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00207-12","volume":"56","author":"G Benaim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benaim G, Hernandez-Rodriguez V, Mujica-Gonzalez S, Plaza-Rojas L, Silva ML, Parra-Gimenez N, Garcia-Marchan Y, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Uzcanga G (2012) In vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of dronedarone, a novel amiodarone derivative with an improved safety profile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:3720\u20133725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00207-12","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.108","volume":"9","author":"G Benaim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benaim G, Paniz-Mondolfi AE (2012) The emerging role of amiodarone and dronedarone in Chagas disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 9:605\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.108","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"7521_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00046","volume":"10","author":"G Benaim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benaim G, Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Sordillo EM, Martinez-Sotillo N (2020) Disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis as a therapeutic target against Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00046","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"7521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200928161403","volume":"27","author":"G Benaim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benaim G, Paniz-Mondolfi AES, EM. (2021) Rationale for use of amiodarone and its derivatives for treatment of Chagas\u2019 disease and leishmaniasis. Curr Pharmac Design 27:1825\u20131833","journal-title":"Curr Pharmac Design"},{"key":"7521_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050691f","volume":"49","author":"G Benaim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benaim G, Sanders JM, Garcia-March\u00e1n Y et al (2006) Amiodarone has intrinsic anti- Trypanosoma cruzi activity and acts synergistically with Posaconazole. J Med Chem 49:892\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm050691f","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"7521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2007.09.006","volume":"40","author":"M Benchimol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Benchimol M (2008) The hydrogenosome peripheral vesicle: similarities with the endoplasmic reticulum. Tissue Cell 40:61\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2007.09.006","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"7521_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2307\/3274682","volume":"43","author":"LS Diamond","year":"1957","unstructured":"Diamond LS (1957) The establishment of various trichomonads of animals and man in axenic cultures. J Parasitol 43:488\u2013490","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7521_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369-5274(03)0009)","volume":"6","author":"R Docampo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Docampo R, Moreno SN (2003) Calcium regulation in protozoan parasites. Curr Opin Microbiol 6:359\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1369-5274(03)0009)","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"7521_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/31.1.9","volume":"31","author":"DI Edwards","year":"1993","unstructured":"Edwards DI (1993) Nitroimidazole drugs-action and resistance mechanisms I. Mechanisms of Action. J Antimicrob Chemother 31:9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/31.1.9","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.196980","volume":"343","author":"E Hejchman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hejchman E, Ostrowska K, Maciejewska D, Kossakowski J, Courchesne JE (2012) Synthesis and antifungal activity of derivatives of 2- and 3-benzofurancarboxylic acids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 343:380\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.112.196980","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"7521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4587","volume":"97","author":"KM Land","year":"2001","unstructured":"Land KM, Clemens DL, Johnson PJ (2001) Loss of multiple hydrogenosomal proteins associated with organelle metabolism and high-level drug resistance in Trichomonads. Exp Parasitol 97:102\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/expr.2001.4587","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"7521_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2010.03.007","volume":"38","author":"DA Lewis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis DA (2010) Trichomoniasis. Medicine 38:291\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpmed.2010.03.007","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"7521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1086\/647939","volume":"50","author":"S L\u00f6fmark","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00f6fmark S, Edlund C, Nord CE (2010) Metronidazole is still the drug of choice for treatment of anaerobic infections. Clin Infect Dis 50:S16\u2013S23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/647939","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S665","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_6.S665","volume":"6","author":"JG Lossick","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lossick JG (1990) Treatment of sexually transmitted vaginosis\/vaginitis. Clin Infect Dis 6:S665-81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_6.S665","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7521_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.02.006","volume":"70","author":"N Martinez-Sotillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez-Sotillo N, Pinto-Mart\u00ednez A, Hejchman E, Benaim G (2019) Antiproliferative effect of a benzofuran derivate based on the structure of amiodarone on Leishmania donovani affecting mitochondria, acidocalcisomes and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Parasitol Int 70:112\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2019.02.006","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"7521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0860-0","volume":"44","author":"E Mielczarek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mielczarek E, Blaszkowska J (2016) Trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenicity and potential role in human reproductive failure. Infection 44:447\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0860-0","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"7521_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1291-x","volume":"282","author":"JC No\u00ebl","year":"2010","unstructured":"No\u00ebl JC, Fayt I, Romero Munoz MR, Simon P, Engohan-Aloghe C (2010) High prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection on monolayer cytology. Arch Gynecol Obstet 282:503\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-009-1291-x","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"7521_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702193160807","volume":"316","author":"JA Oates","year":"1987","unstructured":"Oates JA, Wood AJJ, Mason JW (1987) Amiodarone. N Engl J Med 316:455\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198702193160807","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7521_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02370-13","volume":"58","author":"TE Paulish-Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paulish-Miller TE, Augostini P, Schuyler JA, Smith WL, Mordechai E, Adelson ME, Gygax SE, Secor WE, Hilbert DW (2014) Trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole resistance is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nitroreductase genes ntr4Tv and ntr6Tv. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:2938\u20132943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02370-13","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.300","volume":"11","author":"D Petrin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G (1998) Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clin Microbiol Rev 11:300\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.11.2.300","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"7521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2018.04.0107","volume":"189","author":"A Pinto-Martinez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinto-Martinez A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez V, Rodr\u00edguez-Dur\u00e1n J, Hejchman E, Benaim G (2018) Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi action of a new benzofuran derivative based on amiodarone structure. Exp Parasitol 189:8\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2018.04.0107","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"7521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rein MF (1990) Clinical manifestations of urogenital trichomoniasis in women. Springer, New York, pp 225\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4612-3224-7_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3224-7_11"},{"key":"7521_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3871-3","volume":"113","author":"DA Rocha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rocha DA, de Andrade RI, Urbina JA, de Souza W, Benchimol M (2014) The effect of 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydoxyquinuclidine (BPQ-OH) and metronidazole on Trichomonas vaginalis: a comparative study. Parasitol Res 113:2185\u20132197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-014-3871-3","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7521_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02178.x","volume":"315","author":"A Rosa Ide","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosa Ide A, Rocha DA, de Souza W, Urbina JA, Benchimol M (2011) Ultrastructural alterations induced by \u0394(24(25))-sterol methyltransferase inhibitors on Trichomonas vaginalis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 315:72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02178.x","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"7521_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0023","volume":"101","author":"G Sass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sass G, Madigan RT, Joubert LM, Bozzi A, Sayed N, Wu JC, Stevens DA (2019) A combination of itraconazole and amiodarone is highly effective against Trypanosoma cruzi infection of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101:383\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0023","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"7521_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01215-08","volume":"53","author":"X Serrano-Mart\u00edn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Serrano-Mart\u00edn X, Garc\u00eda-Marchan Y, Fernandez A, Rodriguez N, Rojas H, Visbal G, Benaim G (2009a) Amiodarone destabilizes intracellular ca 2+ homeostasis and biosynthesis of sterols in Leishmania mexicana. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:1403\u20131410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01215-08","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00505-09","volume":"53","author":"X Serrano-Mart\u00edn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Serrano-Mart\u00edn X, Payares G, De Lucca M, Martinez JC, Mendoza-Le\u00f3n A, Benaim G (2009b) Amiodarone and miltefosine act synergistically against Leishmania mexicana and can induce parasitological cure in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:5108\u20135113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00505-09","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7521_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0781","volume":"15","author":"S Sutcliffe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sutcliffe S (2006) Plasma antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 15:939\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0781","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"7521_CR31","first-page":"987","volume":"6","author":"JP Thiery","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thiery JP (1967) Mise en evidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopie electronique. J Microsc 6:987\u20131018","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"7521_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1086\/526496","volume":"197","author":"B Van Der Pol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Der Pol B, Kwok C, Pierre-Louis B, Rinaldi A, Salata RA, Chen PL, van de Wijgert J, Mmiro F, Mugerwa R, Chipato T, Morrison CS (2008) Trichomonas vaginalis infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in african women. J Infect Dis 197:548\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/526496","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7521_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.009","volume":"40","author":"P Veiga-Santos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Veiga-Santos P, Barrias ES, Santos JF, de Barros Moreira TL, de Carvalho TM, Urbina JA, de Souza W (2012) Effects of amiodarone and posaconazole on the growth and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Antimicrob Agents 40:61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.009","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"7521_CR34","volume-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections \u2013 2008","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012) Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections \u2013 2008. WHO Press, Genebra"},{"key":"7521_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2009.00455.x","volume":"57","author":"JM Wright","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wright JM, Webb RI, O\u2019Donoghue P, Upcroft P, Upcroft JA (2010) Hydrogenosomes of laboratory-Induced metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis lines are downsized while those from clinically metronidazole-resistant isolates are not. J Eukaryot Microbiol 57:171\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2009.00455.x","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07521-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07521-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07521-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T12:15:20Z","timestamp":1652357720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07521-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07521-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}