{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:41:53Z","timestamp":1790833313675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015\/05882-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/05882-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07528-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T04:56:46Z","timestamp":1651208206000},"page":"2199-2203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of DNA from Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water for reuse"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Veridiana K.","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Dropa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca A. S.","family":"Peternella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3308-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Tereza Pepe","family":"Razzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"7528_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2017.1392399","volume":"81","author":"C Ajonina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajonina C, Buzie C, M\u00f6ller J, Otterpohl R (2018) The detection of Entamoeba histolytica and Toxoplasma gondii in wastewater. J Toxicol Environ Health A 81(1\u20133):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287394.2017.1392399","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"7528_CR2","unstructured":"Bahia-Oliveira L, Gomez-Marin J, Shapiro K (2017) Toxoplasma gondii. In: J.B. Rose and B. Jim\u00e9nez- Cisneros, (eds) Global Water Pathogens Project. http:\/\/www.waterpathogens.org (R. Fayer and W. Jakubowski, (eds) Part 3 Protists) http:\/\/www.waterpathogens.org\/book\/toxoplasma-gondii Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, UNESCO"},{"issue":"4","key":"7528_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02900-14","volume":"53","author":"S Belaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Belaz S, Gangneux JP, Dupretz P, Guiguen C, Robert-Gangneux F (2015) A 10-Year Retrospective Comparison of Two Target Sequences, REP-529 and B1, for Toxoplasma gondii Detection by Quantitative PCR. J Clin Microbiol 53(4):1294\u20131300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02900-14","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7528_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.07.006","volume":"133","author":"A Bigot-Clivot","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bigot-Clivot A, Ladeiro MP, Lepoutre A et al (2016) Bioaccumulation of Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium by the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum: Involvement in biomonitoring surveys and trophic transfer. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 133:188\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.07.006","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"7528_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.8.1787-1792.1989","volume":"27","author":"JL Burg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burg JL, Grover CM, Pouletty P, Boothroyd JC (1989) Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 27:1787\u20131792","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7528_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bushkin GG, Motari E, Magnelli P, Gubbels MJ, Dubey JP, Miska KB, Bullitt E, Costello CE, Robbins PW, Samuelson J (2012) \u03b2-1,3-glucan, which can be targeted by drugs, forms a trabecular scaffold in the oocyst walls of Toxoplasma and Eimeria. mBio 25;3(5):e00258\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00258-12","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00258-12"},{"key":"7528_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bushkin GG, Motari E, Carpentieri A, Dubey JP, Costello CE, Robbins PW, Samuelson J (2013) Evidence for a structural role for acid-fast lipids in oocyst walls of Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Eimeria. mBio 3;4(5):e00387\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00387-13","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00387-13"},{"issue":"4","key":"7528_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06514-11","volume":"50","author":"JM Costa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costa JM, Bretagne S (2012) Variation of B1 gene and AF146527 repeat element copy numbers according to Toxoplasma gondii strains assessed using real-time quantitative PCR. J Clin Microbiol 50(4):1452\u20131454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.06514-11","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7528_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.041115","volume":"12","author":"L de Moura","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Moura L, Bahia-Oliveira LM, Wada MY, Jones JL, Tuboi SH, Carmo EH, Ramalho WM, Camargo NJ, Trevisan R, Gra\u00e7a RM, da Silva AJ, Moura I, Dubey JP, Garrett DO (2006) Waterborne toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from field to gene. Emerg Infect Dis 12(2):326\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1202.041115","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"7528_CR10","unstructured":"Di Giovanni GD, Hoffman RM, Sturbaum GD (2010) Cryptosporidium Genotyping Method for Regulatory Microscope Slides. Water Research Foundation"},{"key":"7528_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","volume":"39","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubey JP (2009) History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 39:877\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7528_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06488-11","volume":"78","author":"A Dum\u00e8tre","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dum\u00e8tre A, Aubert D, Puech PH, Hohweyer J, Azas N, Villena I (2012) Interaction forces drive the environmental transmission of pathogenic protozoa. Appl Environ Microbiol 78(4):905\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.06488-11","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"28","key":"7528_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11535","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308425110","volume":"110","author":"A Dum\u00e8tre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dum\u00e8tre A, Dubey JP, Ferguson DJ, Bongrand P, Azas N, Puech PH (2013) Mechanics of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst wall. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(28):11535\u201311540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1308425110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7528_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fallahi SH, Kazemi B, Seyyed tabaei SJ, Bandehpour M, Lasjerdi Z, Taghipour N, Zebardast N, Nikmanesh B, Fallah Omrani V, Ebrahimzadeh F (2014) Comparison of the RE and B1 gene for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with cancer. Parasitol Int 63(1):37-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2013.08.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2013.08.005"},{"key":"7528_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2018.100016","volume":"5","author":"W Freppel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freppel W, Ferguson DJP, Shapiro K, Dubey JP, Puech PH, Dum\u00e8tre A (2018) Structure, composition, and roles of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst and sporocyst walls. Cell Surf 5:100016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcsw.2018.100016","journal-title":"Cell Surf"},{"key":"7528_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galal L, Hamidovi\u0107 A, Dard\u00e9 ML, Mercier M (2019) Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii strains at the global level and its determinants. Food Waterborne Parasitol 15:e00052. Erratum in: Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2020 21:e00105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00052.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00052"},{"issue":"2","key":"7528_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6185-z","volume":"118","author":"AT Galvani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galvani AT, Christ APG, Padula JA, Barbosa MRF, de Ara\u00fajo RS, Sato MIZ, Razzolini MTP (2019) Real-time PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii in surface water samples in S\u00e3o Paulo. Brazil Parasitol Res 118(2):631\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-6185-z","journal-title":"Brazil Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7528_CR18","unstructured":"Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul\/Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade\/Superintend\u00eancia de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. 2018. Relat\u00f3rio de Atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Surto. Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. https:\/\/www.cevs.rs.gov.br\/inicial. Accessed 09 Nov 2018."},{"key":"7528_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.10.012","volume":"127","author":"JB Harito","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harito JB, Campbell AT, Tysnes KR, Robertson (2017) Use of lectin-magnetic separation (LMS) for detecting Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental water samples. Water Res 127:68\u201376","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"7528_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002947","volume":"147","author":"SA Hosseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosseini SA, Amouei A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Galal L, Javidnia J, Pagheh AS, Gholami S, Mizani A, Daryani A (2018) Human toxoplasmosis: a systematic review for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in clinical samples. Epidemiol Infect 147:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268818002947","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"7528_CR21","unstructured":"Jones CD, Okhravi N, Adamson P, Tasker S, Lightman S (2000) Comparison of PCR detection methods for B1, P30, and 18S rDNA genes of T. gondii in aqueous humor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(3):634\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"7528_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0524-9","volume":"101","author":"A Kompalic-Cristo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kompalic-Cristo A, Frotta C, Su\u00e1rez-Mutis M, Fernandes O, Britto C (2007) Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay based on the repetitive B1 gene for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in human peripheral blood. Parasitol Res 101(3):619\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-007-0524-9","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7528_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.11.017","volume":"156","author":"AJW Manore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manore AJW, Harper SL, Aguilar B, Weese JS, Shapiro K (2019) Comparison of freeze-thaw cycles for nucleic acid extraction and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental matrices. J Microbiol Methods 156:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.11.017","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"7528_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2015.01.001","volume":"29","author":"M Marangi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marangi M, Giangaspero A, Lacasella V, Lonigro A, Gasser RB (2015) Multiplex PCR for the detection and quantification of zoonotic taxa of Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma in wastewater and mussels. Mol Cell Probes 29(2):122\u2013125","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"issue":"1","key":"7528_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04040-2","volume":"13","author":"CS Marques","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marques CS, Sousa S, Castro A, da Costa JMC (2020) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in fresh vegetables and berry fruits. Parasit Vectors 13(1):180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04040-2","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"7528_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13741","volume":"68","author":"CE Minuzzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Minuzzi CE, Fernandes FD, Portella LP, Br\u00e4unig P, Sturza DAF, Giacomini L, Salvagni E, Ribeiro JDS, Silva CR, Difante CM, Farinha LB, Menegolla IA, Gehrke G, Dilkin P, Sangioni LA, Mallmann CA, Vogel FSF (2021) Contaminated water confirmed as source of infection by bioassay in an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in South Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 68(2):767\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbed.13741","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"7528_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.037","volume":"44","author":"L Moulin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moulin L, Richard F, Stefania S, Goulet M, Gosselin S, Gon\u00e7alves A, Rocher V, Paffoni C, Dum\u00e8tre A (2010) Contribution of treated wastewater to the microbiological quality of Seine River in Paris. Water Res 44(18):5222\u20135231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.037","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7528_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.09.023","volume":"68","author":"F Robert-Gangneux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robert-Gangneux F (2014) It is not only the cat that did it: how to prevent and treat congenital toxoplasmosis. J Infect 68(Suppl 1):S125\u2013S133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.09.023","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7528_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00049","volume":"15","author":"K Shapiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shapiro K, Bahia-Oliveira L, Dixon B, Dum\u00e8tre A, de Wit LA, VanWormer E, Villena I (2019) Environmental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii: Oocysts in water, soil and food. Food Waterborne Parasitol 15:e00049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00049","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"7528_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2020.01.015","volume":"106","author":"HJD Sorup","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sorup HJD, Brudler S, Godskesen B, Dong Y, Lerer SM, Rygaard M, Arnbjerg-Nielsen K (2020) Urban water management: Can UN SDG 6 be met within the Planetary Boundaries? Environ Sci Policy 106:36\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsci.2020.01.015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Policy"},{"key":"7528_CR31","unstructured":"USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2014) Method 1693: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in disinfected Wastewater by Concentration \/ IMS \/ IFA. EPA 821-R-14\u2013013."},{"key":"7528_CR32","unstructured":"WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme). 2017. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017. Wastewater: The Untapped Resource. Paris, UNESCO."}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07528-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07528-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07528-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T03:40:42Z","timestamp":1655178042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07528-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07528-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}