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Yet, the status of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> as a pathogen, the risk factors associated with its transmission, and its zoonotic potential remain ill-defined. Here, we explored subtype (ST) diversity and potential risk factors for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection in 98 children from Apulo, Colombia. Samples were screened for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> via PCR, and ST identification was performed through next-generation amplicon sequencing (NGS). Associations between the presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> and individual STs and sociodemographic variables were assessed via logistic regression analyses. Seventy-one samples (72.4%) were <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>-positive, and NGS revealed the presence of five STs (ST1-ST5). ST1, ST2, and ST3 were common and observed in nearly equal proportions (~\u200940%), while samples with ST4 (1.4%) and ST5 (5.6%) were comparatively rare. The presence of mixed STs in the same sample was also common (28.2%). Comparisons among children within the same household identified that shared ST profiles were common, but diversity within family units was also observed. Logistic regression analyses returned significant associations between the presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, individual subtypes, or mixed subtypes for several variables. Intriguingly, the presence of animals was one of the most common significant associations. Taken together, these data represent an important step forward in understanding both the potential routes and risk factors that may influence <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> transmission and will be useful in shaping future studies which seek to clarify the relationships between STs, pathogenicity, and zoonotic transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07841-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1683703610000},"page":"1451-1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Exploring Blastocystis genetic diversity in rural schoolchildren from Colombia using next-generation amplicon sequencing reveals significant associations between contact with animals and infection risk"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula C.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny G.","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey","family":"Molokin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadja S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0906-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Chaparro-Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Santin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"7841_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084372","volume":"8","author":"AM Abdulsalam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdulsalam AM, Ithoi I, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Ahmed A, Surin J (2013) Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates in Sebha. 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