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Considering the complex life cycle of malaria parasites (MPs) and malaria biology, continued research efforts are ongoing to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases. Female <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquito injects MPs into its hosts during a blood meal, and MPs invade the host skin and the hepatocytes without causing any serious symptoms. Symptomatic infections occur only during the erythrocytic stage. In most cases, the host\u2019s innate immunity (for malaria-na\u00efve individuals) and adaptive immunity (for pre-exposed individuals) mount severe attacks and destroy most MPs. It is increasingly understood that MPs have developed several mechanisms to escape from the host\u2019s immune destruction. This review presents recent knowledge on how the host\u2019s immune system destroys invading MPs as well as MPs survival or host immune evasion mechanisms. On the invasion of host cells, MPs release molecules that bind to cell surface receptors to reprogram the host in a way to lose the capacity to destroy them. MPs also hide from the host immune cells by inducing the clustering of both infected and uninfected erythrocytes (rosettes), as well as inducing endothelial activation. We hope this review will inspire more research to provide a complete understanding of malaria biology and promote interventions to eradicate the notorious disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07868-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T04:03:16Z","timestamp":1684814596000},"page":"1715-1731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Escaping the enemy\u2019s bullets: an update on how malaria parasites evade host immune response"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Chinonso Anthony","family":"Ezema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent Uzochukwu","family":"Okagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy Prince Chidike","family":"Ezeorba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdi AI, Warimwe GM, Muthui MK, et al (2016) Global selection of Plasmodium falciparum virulence antigen expression by host antibodies. 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