{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:07:47Z","timestamp":1768295267721,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although within-host competition among parasites if often assumed to occur based on statistical patterns, actual physical evidence of direct antagonistic interactions between parasites, either intraspecific or interspecific, is very rare. Here, we report such evidence between and within two species of hemiurid trematodes infecting the deep-sea grenadier fish <jats:italic>Coryphaenoides subserrulatus<\/jats:italic>. We found pairs of worms attached together, with one worm using its ventral sucker against another worm, and sucking out a large protuberance on the victim. We also found single worms showing clear signs of past attacks. There was no evidence that these interactions were more common at high intensities of infection, where the conditions would be expected to be more conducive to competitive interactions. Our findings provide evidence that trematodes may cause some harm to co-occurring individuals, suggesting a direct form of interference competition among intestinal helminths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07883-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T10:02:40Z","timestamp":1684749760000},"page":"1953-1957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Physical evidence of direct antagonistic interactions between trematodes in the host gut: the kiss of death?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0950-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronwen","family":"Presswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerusha","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8008-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhong","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1390-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003771","volume":"118","author":"ST Ashworth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ashworth ST, Kennedy CR (1999) Density-dependent effects on Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) within its European eel definitive host. Parasitology 118:289\u2013296","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2005.00995.x","volume":"74","author":"JM Behnke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Behnke JM, Gilbert FS, Abu-Madi MA, Lewis JW (2005) Do the helminth parasites of wood mice interact? J Anim Ecol 74:982\u2013993","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"7883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05201.x","volume":"28","author":"AF Brown","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brown AF (1986) Evidence for density-dependent establishment and survival of Pomphorhynchus laevis (M\u00fcller, 1776) (Acanthocephala) in laboratory-infected Salmo gairdneri Richardson and its bearing on wild populations in Leuciscus cephalus (L.). J Fish Biol 28:659\u2013669","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"7883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001251","volume":"149","author":"X Chai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chai X, Bennett J, Poulin R (2022) Decay of parasite community similarity with host phylogenetic and geographic distances among deep-sea fish (grenadiers). Parasitology 149:1737\u20131748","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2307\/3282549","volume":"77","author":"RL Cook","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cook RL, Roberts LS (1991) In vivo effects of putative crowding factors on development of Hymenolepis diminuta. J Parasitol 77:21\u201325","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200001698X","volume":"122","author":"FEG Cox","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cox FEG (2001) Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses. Parasitology 122:S23\u2013S38","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000065537","volume":"92","author":"AP Dobson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dobson AP (1985) The population dynamics of competition between parasites. Parasitology 92:675\u2013682","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.2307\/3278006","volume":"57","author":"B Fried","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fried B, Lang WH (1971) Gross and histologic observations on Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Trematoda) in the bursa of Fabricius of the domestic chick. J Parasitol 57:1370\u20131372","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7883_CR9","first-page":"55","volume":"51","author":"DI Gibson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gibson DI, Bray RA (1986) Hemiuridae (Digenea) of fishes from the north-east Atlantic. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool Ser 51:55\u201361","journal-title":"Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool Ser"},{"key":"7883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613450","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.613450","volume":"12","author":"FA Gorter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gorter FA, Tabares-Mafla C, Kassen R, Schoustra SE (2021) Experimental evolution of interference competition. Front Microbiol 12:613450","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"7883_CR11","first-page":"25","volume":"42","author":"JT Harper","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harper JT, Saunders GW (2001) The application of sequences of the ribosomal cistron to the systematics and classification of the florideophyte red algae (Florideophycae, Rhodophyta). Cah Biol Mar 42:25\u201338","journal-title":"Cah Biol Mar"},{"key":"7883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-10.2.111","volume":"10","author":"HA Jacobson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Jacobson HA, Kirkpatrick RL, Holliman RB (1974) Emaciation and enteritis of cottontail rabbits infected with Hasstilesia tricolor and observations on a fluke to fluke attachment phenomenon. J Wildl Dis 10:111\u2013114","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"7883_CR13","volume-title":"Metazoan deep sea fish parasites","author":"S Klimpel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klimpel S, Busch MW, Kellermanns E, Kleinertz S, Palm HW (2009) Metazoan deep sea fish parasites. Verlag Natur & Wissenschaft, Germany"},{"key":"7883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.05.001","volume":"41","author":"TLF Leung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leung TLF, Poulin R (2011) Small worms, big appetites: ratios of different functional morphs in relation to interspecific competition in trematode parasites. Int J Parasitol 41:1063\u20131068","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"7883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000016991","volume":"122","author":"R Poulin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Poulin R (2001) Interactions between species and the structure of helminth communities. Parasitology 122:S3\u2013S11","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X19000828","volume":"94","author":"B Presswell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Presswell B, Bennett J (2020) Galactosomum otepotiense n. sp. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) infecting four different species of fish-eating birds in New Zealand: genetically identical but morphologically variable. J Helminthol 94:e86","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"7883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2307\/2937176","volume":"63","author":"WP Sousa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sousa WP (1993) Interspecific antagonism and species coexistence in a diverse guild of larval trematode parasites. Ecol Monogr 63:103\u2013128","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"7883_CR18","volume-title":"Essentials of ecology","author":"CR Townsend","year":"2008","unstructured":"Townsend CR, Begon M, Harper JL (2008) Essentials of ecology, 3rd edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK","edition":"3"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-023-07883-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-023-07883-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-023-07883-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T11:08:36Z","timestamp":1689332916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-023-07883-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["7883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-023-07883-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All fish were obtained as part of New Zealand Government-approved National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) trawl surveys.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent for publication of this manuscript in <i>Parasitology Research<\/i>.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}