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In order to test their in vitro potency against <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> tachyzoites, six 1,2,3-triazoles-based sulfonamide scaffolds with terminal NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or OH group were prepared and investigated as sulfadiazine equivalents. When compared to sulfadiazine, which served as a positive control, hybrid molecules showed much more anti-<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> activity. The results showed that the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of the examined compounds <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>(<jats:bold>a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>f<\/jats:bold>) were recoded as <jats:bold>0.07492 \u03bcM, 0.07455 \u03bcM, 0.0392 \u03bcM, 0.03124 \u03bcM<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>0.0533 \u03bcM<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>0.01835 \u03bcM,<\/jats:bold> respectively, while the sulfadiazine exhibited <jats:bold>0.1852 \u03bcM<\/jats:bold>. The studied 1,2,3-triazole-sulfadrug molecular conjugates <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>(<jats:bold>a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>f<\/jats:bold>) revealed selectivity index of <jats:bold>10.4, 8.9, 25.4, 21, 8.3, and 29<\/jats:bold>; respectively. The current study focused on the newly synthesized amino derivatives <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>(<jats:bold>d<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>f<\/jats:bold>), as they contain the more potent amino groups which are recognized to be essential elements and promote better biological activity. Extracellular tachyzoites underwent striking morphological alterations after 2 h of treatment as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the intracellular tachyzoite exposed to the newly synthesized amino derivatives <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>(<jats:bold>d<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>f<\/jats:bold>) for a 24-h period of treatment revealed damaged and altered morphology by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) indicating cytopathic effects. Moreover, compound <jats:bold>3f<\/jats:bold> underwent the most pronounced changes, indicating that it had the strongest activity against <jats:italic>T. gondii.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07936-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T05:01:26Z","timestamp":1692766886000},"page":"2353-2365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sulfadiazine analogs: anti-Toxoplasma in vitro study of sulfonamide triazoles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Fadwa M","family":"Arafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa Hassan","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Mohamed","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadjet","family":"Rezki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed R","family":"Aouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervat","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7936_CR1","first-page":"285","volume":"87","author":"M Aikawa","year":"1977","unstructured":"Aikawa M, Komata Y, Asai T, Midorikawa O (1977) Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of host cell entry by Toxoplasma gondii. 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