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Till now, ivermectin is the only available oral drug that is currently approved for treating crusted scabies in humans. Concerns regarding its efficacy and safety have prompted research efforts to find new alternatives. Our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a single dose of fluralaner in cases of crusted scabies in comparison with that of repeated weekly high doses of ivermectin. For the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study, twenty adult female mites were exposed to 50 \u03bcg\/ml and 100 \u03bcg\/ml ivermectin and fluralaner to evaluate their effects on mites' survival. For the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study, thirty-five male crossbreed rabbits were divided into 4 groups: group I (non-infected, non-treated), group II (infected, non-treated), group III (infected and treated with ivermectin in a weekly oral dose of 0.4 mg\/kg body weight\/rabbit for 4 weeks, starting 8 weeks post-infection), and group IV (infected and treated with fluralaner given as a single oral dose of 25 mg\/kg body weight\/rabbit, starting 8 weeks post-infection). Clinical, parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical assessments were\u00a0done. Clinical and parasitological assays were accomplished to all infected groups starting from day 0, then on days 2, 4, 6,\u00a08, 10, 12, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 post-treatment, while histopathological and biochemical assessments were done at the end of the 8<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> week post-treatment (day 56). Our results showed that fluralaner exhibited a higher acaricidal\u00a0effect on adult <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>cuniculi<\/jats:italic> when compared with ivermectin applied in the same concentration (50 \u03bcg\/ml or 100 \u03bcg\/ml). Concerning the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study, both clinical cure and parasitological cure\u00a0were noted in both treated groups, evidenced by complete absence of all clinical signs of infestation and absence of mites in all skin scrapings. However, the ivermectin-treated group showed incomplete histopathological and biochemical resolution. Interestingly, both clinical cure\u00a0and negative skin scrapings\u00a0were noticed earlier in the fluralaner-treated group, with no apparent side effects. Also, no significant differences were noticed in the skin sections and serum biochemical parameters when compared with those of the negative control group. We concluded that fluralaner is a promising scabicidal agent that is recommended to be studied for possible human use, especially in control programs.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07945-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T04:01:41Z","timestamp":1693540901000},"page":"2477-2490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of the scabicidal effect of a single dose of fluralaner in a rabbit model of crusted scabies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud S.","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira E.","family":"Abd El Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dareen M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"7945_CR1","volume":"36","author":"E Abdelaziz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelaziz E, Elbahy N, El-Bahrawy A, El-Bahrawy A, ElKhatam A, AbouLaila M (2022) Prevalence, hematological, serum biochemical, histopathology, and molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei in naturally infected rabbits from Minoufiya Governorate, Egypt. 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All procedures on animals were reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee and Quality Assurance Unit in Tanta University (Approval code: 34838\/8\/21).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate and consent to publish"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}