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In this work, we studied the phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Phlebotominae) diversity in the foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan and compared it with the data obtained for the same area 50\u00a0years ago, when infection prevalence was reportedly low. We found that the implicated vector for zoonotic leishmaniasis, <jats:italic>P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>, remained eudominant; the proportion of implicated anthroponotic leishmaniasis vector, <jats:italic>P. sergenti<\/jats:italic>, rose significantly from averaged 5.4 to 41.4%; <jats:italic>Phlebotomus alexandri<\/jats:italic>, a suspected visceral leishmaniasis vector, was eudominant at two sites, and a second suspected vector for this disease, <jats:italic>P. longiductus<\/jats:italic>, was newly recorded in the region. We conclude that the increase in the documented cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan may be connected to the changes in fauna of sand flies vectoring <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08191-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1711353711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Phlebotominae) diversity in the foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan: 50\u00a0years on"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Gofur X.","family":"Usarov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir S.","family":"Turitsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xulkar G.","family":"Sattarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0432-2707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovana","family":"S\u00e1dlov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javokhir Abdusamat ugli","family":"Mustanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6187-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreu","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4765-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Yurchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03154.x","volume":"46","author":"OE Akilov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akilov OE, Khachemoune A, Hasan T (2007) Clinical manifestations and classification of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. 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