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We tested the <jats:italic>functional signal<\/jats:italic> concept in realm-specific and regional flea-host networks from four biogeographic realms and asked whether the species composition of (a) host spectra and (b) flea assemblages is similar between functionally similar flea and host species, respectively. Analogously to testing for phylogenetic signal, we applied Mantel tests to investigate the correlation between flea or host functional distances calculated from functional dendrograms and dissimilarities in sets of interacting partners. In all realm-specific networks, functionally similar fleas tended to exploit similar hosts often belonging to the same genus, whereas functionally similar hosts tended to harbour similar fleas, again often belonging to the same genus. The strength of realm-specific <jats:italic>functional signals<\/jats:italic> and the frequency of detecting a significant <jats:italic>functional signal<\/jats:italic> in the regional networks differed between realms. The frequency of detecting a significant <jats:italic>functional signal<\/jats:italic> in the regional networks correlated positively with the network size for fleas and with the number of hosts in a network for hosts. A <jats:italic>functional signal<\/jats:italic> in the regional networks was more frequently found for hosts than for fleas. We discuss the mechanisms behind the <jats:italic>functional signal<\/jats:italic> in both fleas and their hosts, relate geographic <jats:italic>functional signal<\/jats:italic> patterns to the historic biogeography of fleas and conclude that <jats:italic>functional signals<\/jats:italic> in the species composition of host spectra for fleas and of flea assemblages for hosts result from the interplay of evolutionary and ecological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08229-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T03:17:31Z","timestamp":1714965451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional similarity affects similarity in partner composition in flea-mammal networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Boris R.","family":"Krasnov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina S.","family":"Khokhlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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