{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:23:24Z","timestamp":1786980204578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey  and Pakistan Science Foundation","award":["Project No: 118S658 and Project No. PSF TUBITAK\/Med \/P-NUMS(09)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No: 118S658 and Project No. PSF TUBITAK\/Med \/P-NUMS(09)"]}]},{"name":"The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey  and Pakistan Science Foundation","award":["Project No: 118S658 and Project No. PSF TUBITAK\/Med \/P-NUMS(09)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No: 118S658 and Project No. PSF TUBITAK\/Med \/P-NUMS(09)"]}]},{"name":"The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey  and Pakistan Science Foundation","award":["Project No: 118S658 and Project No. PSF TUBITAK\/Med \/P-NUMS(09)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No: 118S658 and Project No. PSF TUBITAK\/Med \/P-NUMS(09)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08344-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:02:02Z","timestamp":1725926522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8088-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumaila","family":"Naz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Nalcaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obaid","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seray","family":"Toz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azhar","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Waseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Ozbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"8344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0558","volume":"89","author":"N Aara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aara N, Khandelwal K, Bumb RA, Mehta RD, Ghiya BC, Jakhar R, Dodd C, Salotra P, Satoskar AR (2013) Clinco-epidemiologic study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89:111\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0558","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"8344_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S401618","volume":"16","author":"MJ Alzahrani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alzahrani MJ, Elfaki N, Abdalla YHA, Alkhadher MA, Ali MHM, Ahmed WA (2023) Cutaneous leishmaniasis: associated risk factors and prevention in Hubuna, Najran, Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 16:723\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S401618","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"8344_CR3","first-page":"445","volume":"53","author":"S Ayub","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ayub S, Gramiccia M, Khalid M, Mujtaba G, Bhutta RA (2003) Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Multan: species identification. JPMA 53:445\u2013447","journal-title":"JPMA"},{"key":"8344_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5070\/D38K3992KR","volume":"18","author":"AU Bari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bari AU (2012) Clinical spectrum of cutaneous leishmaniasis: an overview from Pakistan. Dermatol Online J 18:4\u20134","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"8344_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18286","volume":"9","author":"A Berhanu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berhanu A, Dugassa S, Maru M, Animut A, Erko B, Hailu A, Gebresilassie A (2023) Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kutaber District, Ethiopia: prevalence, sand fly fauna and community knowledge, attitude and practices. Heliyon 9:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18286","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"8344_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0008550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008550","volume":"14","author":"J Bettaieb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bettaieb J, Toumi A, Ghawar W, Chlif S, Nouira M, Belhaj-Hamida N, Gharbi A, Ben-Alaya N, Laouini D, Louzir H, Dellagi K, Ben Salah A (2020) A prospective cohort study of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major: dynamics of the Leishmanin skin test and its predictive value for protection against infection and disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14:e0008550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008550","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.05.009","volume":"111","author":"AM Bhutto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhutto AM, Soomro FR, Baloch JH, Matsumoto J, Uezato H, Hashiguchi Y, Katakura K (2009) Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) major infection in Sindh province, Pakistan. Acta Trop 111:295\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.05.009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"8344_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.01.002","volume":"5","author":"A Bilgic-Temel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bilgic-Temel A, Murrell DF, Uzun S (2019) Cutaneous leishmaniasis: a neglected disfiguring disease for women. Int J Womens Dermatol 5:158\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.01.002","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"8344_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.040179","volume":"10","author":"S Brooker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brooker S, Mohammed N, Adil K, Agha S, Reithinger R, Rowland M, Ali I, Kolaczinski J (2004) Leishmaniasis in refugee and local Pakistani populations. Emerg Infect Dis 10:1681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1009.040179","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6126-y","volume":"20","author":"A Butenko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butenko A, Kostygov AY, S\u00e1dlov\u00e1 J, Kleschenko Y, Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 T, Pode\u0161vov\u00e1 L, Macedo DH, \u017dihala D, Luke\u0161 J, Bates PA, Volf P (2019) Comparative genomics of Leishmania (Mundinia). BMC genomics 20:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-019-6126-y","journal-title":"BMC genomics"},{"key":"8344_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010055","volume":"15","author":"YF Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen YF, Liao LF, Wu N, Gao JM, Zhang P, Wen YZ, Hide G, Lai DH, Lun ZR (2021) Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People\u2019s Republic of China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15:e0010055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010055","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0987-y","volume":"8","author":"E Gadisa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gadisa E, Tsegaw T, Abera A, Elnaiem DE, den Boer M, Aseffa A, Jorge A (2015) Eco-epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 8:381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-015-0987-y","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"8344_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011","volume":"8","author":"MA Ghatee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghatee MA, Taylor WR, Karamian M (2020) The geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agents in iran and its neighboring countries, a review. Front Public Health 8:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"8344_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05524-z","volume":"15","author":"I Gow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gow I, Smith NC, Stark D, Ellis J (2022) Laboratory diagnostics for human Leishmania infections: a polymerase chain reaction-focussed review of detection and identification methods. Parasit Vectors 15:412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-022-05524-z","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"8344_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S278138","volume":"23","author":"G Grifferty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grifferty G, Shirley H, McGloin J, Kahn J, Orriols A, Wamai R (2021) Vulnerabilities to and the socioeconomic and psychosocial impacts of the leishmaniases: a review. Res Rep Trop Med 23:135\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRTM.S278138","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"key":"8344_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5505\/TurkHijyen.2023.90083","volume":"80","author":"D G\u00fcldemir","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00fcldemir D, Y\u00fccesan B (2023) Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-1 gene of Leishmania lineage: meta-analysis using in-silico techniques. Turk Bull Hyg Exp Biol 80:429\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/TurkHijyen.2023.90083","journal-title":"Turk Bull Hyg Exp Biol"},{"key":"8344_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.11.030","volume":"38","author":"KM Harkins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harkins KM, Schwartz RS, Cartwright RA, Stone AC (2016) Phylogenomic reconstruction supports supercontinent origins for Leishmania. Infect Genet Evol 38:101\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.11.030","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"8344_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.04.035","volume":"172","author":"M Hussain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hussain M, Munir S, Jamal MA, Ayaz S, Akhoundi M, Mohamed K (2017) Epidemic outbreak of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kohat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Acta Tropi 172:147\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.04.035","journal-title":"Acta Tropi"},{"key":"8344_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-2999-7","volume":"18","author":"D Iddawela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iddawela D, Vithana SMP, Atapattu D, Wijekoon L (2018) Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. BMC Infect Dis 18:108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-2999-7","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2004.698.702","volume":"7","author":"JKK Kakarsulemankhel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kakarsulemankhel JKK (2004) Present situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balochistan, Pakistan. PJBS 7:698\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/pjbs.2004.698.702","journal-title":"PJBS"},{"key":"8344_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04619-3","volume":"14","author":"T Karimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimi T, Sharifi I, Aflatoonian MR, Aflatoonian B, Mohammadi MA, Salarkia E, Babaei Z, Zarinkar F, Sharifi F, Hatami N, Khosravi A (2021) A long-lasting emerging epidemic of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran: population movement and peri-urban settlements as a major risk factor. Parasit Vectors 14:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04619-3","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"8344_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2004.93","volume":"24","author":"M Kassi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kassi M, Tareen I, Qazi A, Kasi PM (2004) Fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Ann Saudi Med 24:93\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2004.93","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"8344_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kayani B, Sadiq S, Rashid HB, Ahmed N, Mahmood A, Khaliq MS, Maqsood R, Rashid H, Hasan S, Mushtaq MH, Zia UUR (2021) Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a neglected disease needing one health strategy. BMC Infect Dis 21:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06327-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06327-w"},{"issue":"5","key":"8344_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0343","volume":"95","author":"NH Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan NH, Bari AU, Hashim R, Khan I, Muneer A, Shah A, Wahid S, Yardley V, O\u2019Neil B, Sutherland CJ (2016) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan: clinical diversity and species-level diagnosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95(5):1106\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0343","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"8344_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020002413","volume":"148","author":"A Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan A, Sajid R, Gul S, Hussain A, Zehri MT, Naz S, Simsek S, Waseem S, Afzal MS, Naqvi SKUH, Qasim M (2021a) Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis from Baluchistan Province of Pakistan. Parasitol 148:591\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182020002413","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"8344_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020002413","volume":"148","author":"A Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan A, Sajid R, Gul S, Hussain A, Zehri MT, Naz S, Simsek S, Waseem S, Afzal MS, Naqvi SK, Qasim M (2021b) Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis from Baluchistan province of Pakistan. Parasitology 148:591\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182020002413","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"8344_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan SS, Shahab MH, Naz T (2019). Visceral leishmaniasis in a resident of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, presenting to Civil Hospital Karachi: a case report. Cureus 11.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.6059.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6059"},{"key":"8344_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052478","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1052478","volume":"2","author":"CA Knight","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knight CA, Harris DR, Alshammari SO, Gugssa A, Young T, Lee CM (2023) Leishmaniasis: recent epidemiological studies in the Middle East. Front Microbiol 2:1052478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1052478","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"8344_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01907","volume":"8","author":"CM Le\u00f3n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n CM, Mu\u00f1oz M, Hern\u00e1ndez C, Ayala MS, Fl\u00f3rez C, Teher\u00e1n A, Cubides JR, Ram\u00edrez JD (2017) Analytical performance of four polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection of six Leishmania species DNA in Colombia. Front Microbiol 8:1907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01907","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"8344_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187","volume":"25","author":"P Librado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Librado P, Rozas J (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25:1451\u20131452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"8344_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-021-00232-7","volume":"81","author":"S Mann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mann S, Frasca K, Scherrer S, Henao-Mart\u00ednez AF, Newman S, Ramanan P, Suarez JA (2021) A review of leishmaniasis: current knowledge and future directions. Curr Trop Med Rep 81:21\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40475-021-00232-7","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"key":"8344_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0008903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008903","volume":"15","author":"B Merdekios","year":"2021","unstructured":"Merdekios B, Pareyn M, Tadesse D, Eligo N, Kassa M, Jacobs BKM, Leirs H, Van Geertruyden JP, van Griensven J, Caljon G, Cnops L (2021) Evaluation of conventional and four real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania on field-collected samples in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15:e0008903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008903","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007981","volume":"14","author":"LE Mesa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesa LE, Manrique R, Muskus C, Robledo SM (2020) Test accuracy of polymerase chain reaction methods against conventional diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of CL: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14:e0007981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007981","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106659","volume":"235","author":"S Naz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naz S, Aroosh A, Raza N, Islam A, Ozbel Y, Toz S, Ahmed H, Waseem S (2022) Multiparametric approach to assess the disease severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection. Acta Tropi 235:106659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106659","journal-title":"Acta Tropi"},{"key":"8344_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.4.367","volume":"55","author":"S Nemati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nemati S, Fazaeli A, Hajjaran H, Khamesipour A, Anbaran MF, Bozorgomid A, Zarei F (2017) Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the Iranian Leishmania parasites based on HSP70 gene PCR-RFLP and sequence analysiS. Korean J Parasitol 55:367\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.4.367","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"8344_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095068","volume":"19","author":"M Numan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Numan M, Naz S, Gilani R, Minhas A, Ahmed H, Cao J (2022) Evaluation of household preparedness and risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) using the community assessment for public health emergency response (CASPER) method in Pakistan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:5068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095068","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"8344_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.021","volume":"19","author":"A Oryan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oryan A, Shirian S, Tabandeh MR, Hatam GR, Randau G, Daneshbod Y (2013) Genetic diversity of Leishmania major strains isolated from different clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Iran based on minicircle kDNA. Infect Genet Evol 19:226\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.021","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"8344_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002205","volume":"7","author":"S Ozensoy Toz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozensoy Toz S, Culha G, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Zeyrek Ertabaklar F, Alkan H, Tetik Vardarl\u0131 MZ, Gunduz A, Ozbel Y (2013) A real-time ITS-1-PCR based method in the diagnosis and species identification of Leishmania parasite from human and dog clinical samples in Turkey. PLOS Negl Dis 7:e2205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002205","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13182989","volume":"18","author":"SB Piyasiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piyasiri SB, Dewasurendra R, Samaranayake N, Karunaweera N (2023) Diagnostic tools for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani: a narrative review. Diagnostics (Basel) 18:2989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13182989","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"8344_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.08.031","volume":"164","author":"NA Qureshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qureshi NA, Ali A, Rashid U, Ali N (2016) Prevalence of Leishmania tropica in school boys of Khyber agency, FATA near Pak-Afghan border. Acta Tropi 164:90\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.08.031","journal-title":"Acta Tropi"},{"key":"8344_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111632","volume":"8","author":"JQ Reim\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reim\u00e3o JQ, Coser EM, Lee MR, Coelho AC (2020) Laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: current and future methods. Microorganisms 8:1632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8111632","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"8344_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","volume":"7","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S (2007) Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7:581\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105434","volume":"206","author":"N Shaheen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaheen N, Qureshi NA, Qureshi MZ, Fatima H, Afzal M, Alhewairini SS (2020) Molecular epidemiological survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Acta Trop 206:105434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105434","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"8344_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021","volume":"221","author":"N Shaheen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaheen N, Verma C, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Volpedo G, Hamid A, Zeb I, Shah SAA, Fahad S, Iqbal A, Ashraf A, Khan A (2021) Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of cutaneous leishmaniasis from North Eastern Pakistan. Acta Tropi 221:105964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021","journal-title":"Acta Tropi"},{"key":"8344_CR45","first-page":"196","volume":"16","author":"S Shamsuddin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shamsuddin S, Mengal JA, Gazozai S, Mandokhail ZK, Kasi M, Muhammad N, Ahmad SB (2006) Atypical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the native population of Balochistan. J Pak Assoc Dermatol 16:196\u2013200","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"8344_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0285520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285520","volume":"18","author":"A Spotin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spotin A, Rouhani S, Haghighi A, Parvizi P (2023) Low genetic heterogeneity of Leishmania major in different geographical regions of Iran. PLoS ONE 18:e0285520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285520","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8344_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S (2021) MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38:3022\u20133027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"8344_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11120.1","volume":"26","author":"E Torres-Guerrero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torres-Guerrero E, Quintanilla-Cedillo MR, Ruiz-Esmenjaud J, Arenas R (2017) Leishmaniasis: a review. F1000Res 26:750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.11120.1","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"8344_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002523","volume":"145","author":"SR Uliana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uliana SR, Trinconi CT, Coelho AC (2018) Chemotherapy of Leishmaniasis: present challenges. Parasitol 145:464\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182016002523","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"8344_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8020128","volume":"8","author":"W Ullah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ullah W, Yen TY, Niaz S, Nasreen N, Tsai YF, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Khan A, Tsai KH (2023a) Distribution and risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Trop Med Infect Dis 8:128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed8020128","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"8344_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5746","volume":"53","author":"Z Ullah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ullah Z, Samad F, Bano R, Arif S, Zamir S, Aziz N, Khan H (2023b) Characterizing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a conflict-affected region: a study from North Waziristan, Pakistan. Turk J Med Sci 53:1767\u20131775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0144.5746","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"8344_CR52","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Leishmaniasis https:\/\/www.who.int\/leishmaniasis\/burden\/en\/. Accessed 16 January 2024"},{"key":"8344_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020297","volume":"12","author":"P Yadav","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yadav P, Azam M, Ramesh V, Singh R (2023) Unusual observations in leishmaniasis\u2014an overview. Pathogens 12:297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12020297","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"8344_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/s0001-706x(01)00085-7","volume":"79","author":"MR Yaghoobi-Ershadi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akhavan AA, Zaharai Ramazani AR, Mohebali M (2001) Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in Ardestan town, central Iran. Acta Trop 79:115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0001-706x(01)00085-7","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"8344_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.05.009","volume":"17","author":"MJ Yousuf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yousuf MJ, Ahmad N, Masood Z, Majeed S, Hassan HU, Ibrahim M, Khooharo AR, Khooharo E, Mastoi AH, Zafar N, Shaikh FM (2021) Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the largest populated city Karachi. Pakistan Braz J Biol 17:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.05.009","journal-title":"Pakistan Braz J Biol"},{"key":"8344_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001640","volume":"150","author":"V Yurchenko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yurchenko V, Chistyakov DS, Akhmadishina LV, Lukashev AN, S\u00e1dlov\u00e1 J, Strelkova MV (2023) Revisiting epidemiology of leishmaniasis in central Asia: lessons learnt. Parasitology 150:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182022001640","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"8344_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105578","volume":"209","author":"I Zeb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeb I, Ali A, Nawab J, Khan MQ, Kamil A, Tsai KH (2020) Cutaneous leishmaniasis in male schoolchildren in the upper and lower Dir districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and a review of previous record in Pakistan. Acta Trop 209:105578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105578","journal-title":"Acta Trop"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-024-08344-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-024-08344-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-024-08344-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:03:37Z","timestamp":1727913817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-024-08344-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["8344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-024-08344-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"320"}}