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Mainly present in temperate, semitropical, and tropical areas, its worldwide emergence and spread are causing concern. In Argentina, most cases have been reported in humid regions of the center and northeast of the country. The occurrence of canine dirofilariosis in an arid environment of western Argentina was investigated by blood smears, microhematocrit tube test, and Knott\u2019s technique. Association and odds ratio were determined in relation to dog characteristics. Thirty-three dogs (51.6%) had microfilariae, morphologically identified as <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>. Knott\u2019s test was more sensitive in detecting the positive animals. The odds of harboring microfilariae were 12, 29, and 66 if the dog was male, adult (three to 6\u00a0years old), or older (&gt;\u20097\u00a0years old), respectively. The prevalence of canine dirofilariosis herein reported outstands among the highest in Argentina and extends to the west its geographic distribution in the country. Far from being an exception, this epidemiological situation might reflect similar circumstances in several arid locations in the west and center of Argentina. Being this a disease of recent appearance in the region, both veterinarians and physicians should be aware of its potential to cause disease in animals and humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08367-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T08:02:48Z","timestamp":1728460968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Host drivers of canine dirofilariosis in an arid environment of western Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6699-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Fernando","family":"Cuervo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Di Cataldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Cecilia","family":"Fantozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7627-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anal\u00eda","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7148-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Mera y Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"8367_CR1","first-page":"8","volume":"2","author":"EM Abraham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abraham EM, Torres L (2014) The drylands development model in Argentina\u2019s central west: the case of Mendoza province. 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