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The study was conducted in 2023; data collected in 2004 were used for comparison; 39 horses from two farms in Ukraine (22 horses in 2004 and 17 in 2023) were examined. In total, 18,999 strongylid specimens were collected by in vivo diagnostic deworming method before (in 2004, 9119 specimens) and after (in 2023, 9880 specimens) frequent application of anthelmintics. Strongylids were identified morphologically. Thirteen strongylid species were found in horses in 2023; only small strongylids (Cyathostominae) were recorded. In 2004, 21 species were found: 6 species of large strongylids (Strongylinae) and 15 of cyathostomins. Species richness (Margalef\u2019s index) and species diversity (Shannon\u2019s and Simpson\u2019s indexes) decreased over two decades on both farms; the Berger-Parker dominance index for <jats:italic>C. nassatus<\/jats:italic> dramatically increased up to 74.4. The dissimilarity of strongylid communities of 2023 and 2004 was primarily connected with the disappearance of large strongylids and rare cyathostomin species after two decades of regular anthelmintic treatments. SIMPER analysis revealed that <jats:italic>C. nassatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. catinatum<\/jats:italic> mostly contributed to this dissimilarity. A trend of gradual transformation of the strongylid community structure from multimodal (in 2004) to bimodal (in 2023) was observed on both farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08417-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T07:27:35Z","timestamp":1732519655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in equine strongylid communities after two decades of annual anthelmintic treatments at the farm level"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetiana A.","family":"Kuzmina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-3445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al\u017ebeta","family":"K\u00f6nigov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3955-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Antipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1723-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy","family":"Kuzmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3824-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitaliy","family":"Kharchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Syrota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"8417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2023.11.006","volume":"24","author":"G Abbas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbas G, Ghafar A, McConnell E, Beasley A, Bauquier J, Wilkes EJA, El-Hage C, Carrigan P, Cudmore L, Hurley J, Gauci CG, Beveridge I, Ling E, Jacobson C, Stevenson MA, Nielsen MK, Hughes KJ, Jabbar A (2024a) A national survey of anthelmintic resistance in ascarid and strongylid nematodes in Australian thoroughbred horses. 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