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Wild carnivores are hosts for diverse piroplasmids, some of which are highly pathogenic for domestic dogs and cats. A large-scale survey including samples from 244 individuals belonging to eleven different species that were opportunistically obtained between 1993 and 2015 in four Autonomous Regions in Spain were tested for piroplasmid DNA with two different nested-PCR assays targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Sixty of 85 Eurasian badgers (<jats:italic>Meles meles<\/jats:italic>), 11 of 42 red foxes (<jats:italic>Vulpes vulpes<\/jats:italic>), and 1 of 10 stone martens (<jats:italic>Martes foina<\/jats:italic>) resulted positive. In contrast, 46 wolves (<jats:italic>Canis lupus<\/jats:italic>), 26 genets (<jats:italic>Genetta genetta<\/jats:italic>), 22 pine martens (<jats:italic>Martes martes<\/jats:italic>), and other less-represented species were negative. Sequencing revealed that all foxes and one badger were parasitized by <jats:italic>Babesia vulpes<\/jats:italic>, and the remaining badgers and the stone marten by <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> sp. badger type A (BBTA). The prevalence of BBTA in Catalonian badgers was significantly lower in Alpine than in Continental and Mediterranean climates. This study confirms that badgers and ref foxes constitute the natural hosts of BBTA and <jats:italic>B. vulpes<\/jats:italic>, respectively, with occasional spillovers to other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08425-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T06:45:28Z","timestamp":1734072328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Large-scale molecular survey for piroplasmids in Iberian wild carnivores"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Checa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Oleaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Negre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Llaneza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Velarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1808-7","volume":"9","author":"M Alvarado-Rybak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarado-Rybak M, Solano-Gallego L, Mill\u00e1n J (2016) A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide:importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation. 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