{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:09:03Z","timestamp":1791065343103,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institutes\u2019 Fund"},{"name":"Amt f\u00fcr Ausbildungsbeitr\u00e4ge (AfA) Basel-Stadt"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"University of Basel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The diagnosis of schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (PSAC) is challenging. The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) assay offers potential improvements in diagnostic access in hard-to-reach areas over the conventional Kato-Katz (KK) test. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of KK versus POC-CCA in stool and urine samples from PSAC in a PSAC population residing in a\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    endemic hard-to-reach area in Kenya. Using combined positive results of both KK and POC-CCA tests as the \u201cgold standard,\u201d the overall sensitivity of KK (57.6%; 95% CI, 49.1\u201365.8) was significantly lower than that of POC-CCA (73.2%; 95% CI, 65.0\u201380.4);\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${\\chi }_{m}^{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msubsup>\n                            <mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:msubsup>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    = 5.88,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015. There was moderate agreement between KK and the combined results (\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.599,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, concordance 80.9%) and a substantial agreement between POC-CCA and the combined results (\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.753,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, concordance 88.1%). POC-CCA is a more sensitive diagnostic tool for schistosomiasis surveillance in PSAC compared to KK, particularly in hard-to-reach endemic areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-025-08467-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T04:14:01Z","timestamp":1740111241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Kato-Katz versus urine POC-CCA for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children in Homa Bay County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Phyllis Munyiva","family":"Isaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Nyawanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Okoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"8467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.04.001","volume":"136","author":"M Adriko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adriko M et al (2014) Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-cassette assay as a survey tool for Schistosoma mansoni in different transmission settings within Bugiri District, Uganda. Acta Trop 136:50\u201357","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"8467_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05034-2","volume":"20","author":"S Armoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armoo S et al (2020) Detecting Schistosoma mansoni infections among pre-school-aged children in southern Ghana: a diagnostic comparison of urine-CCA, real-time PCR and Kato-Katz assays. BMC Infect Dis 20:1\u201310","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"8467_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0550","volume":"99","author":"RK Assar\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Assar\u00e9 RK et al (2018) Sensitivity of the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen urine cassette test for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in low-endemicity settings in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99:1567\u20131572","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8467_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1168","volume":"104","author":"M Casacuberta-Partal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casacuberta-Partal M et al (2021) Specificity of the point-of-care urine strip test for Schistosoma circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) tested in non-endemic pregnant women and young children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 104(4):1412","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"8467_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04692-8","volume":"14","author":"M Cisse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cisse M et al (2021) Prevalence and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection among preschool-aged children from Panamasso village, Burkina Faso. Parasit Vectors 14:1\u20139","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"8467_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2109","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002109","volume":"7","author":"JT Coulibaly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coulibaly JT et al (2013) Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2109","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"8467_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0423-2016","volume":"50","author":"FT Ferreira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira FT et al (2017) Sensitivity and specificity of the circulating cathodic antigen rapid urine test in the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection and evaluation of morbidity in a low-endemic area in Brazil. 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Approval was granted by the Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz (EKNZ), Switzerland (A0_2023-00050), and the AMREF Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (ESRC P1607\/2023), Kenya.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from parents\/caregivers.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}