{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:09Z","timestamp":1787169489604,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016931","name":"Institute Of Marine Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016931","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anisakid nematodes are widespread marine parasites with complex life cycles involving invertebrates and fish as intermediate or transport hosts, and marine mammals as definitive hosts. Despite their ecological importance, and the zoonotic potential associated with the larval stages found in fish, recent data on anisakid species diversity in pinnipeds from Norwegian waters remain scarce. In this study, we investigated anisakid infections in two juvenile harbour seals (\n                    <jats:italic>Phoca vitulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) stranded along the southern coast of Norway. Gastrointestinal nematodes were collected, morphologically classified to the genus level, and subsequently identified to species level through molecular analyses of mitochondrial (mtDNA\n                    <jats:italic>cox2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and nuclear (rDNA ITS) markers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Five anisakid species were identified:\n                    <jats:italic>Contracaecum osculatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. A (reported here for the first time in harbour seals),\n                    <jats:italic>C. osculatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (sensu stricto),\n                    <jats:italic>Phocanema decipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (s.s.),\n                    <jats:italic>P. krabbei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Anisakis simplex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (s.s.). The latter species was found in unexpectedly high abundance and in fully developed adult stages in one of the seals. Notably, these adult\n                    <jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (s.s.) exhibited large body size, in contrast with previous studies reporting either absence or minimal presence of adults in harbour seals. The underlying mechanisms promoting growth and reproductive development of\n                    <jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (s.s.) in this host species remain unclear, but may involve a combination of host-specific physiological traits, environmental factors, and parasite phenotypic plasticity. Gross pathological examination revealed multiple gastric and intestinal ulcers in the same seal, including seven crateriform lesions consistent with ulcerative gastritis and enteritis, associated with nematode attachment and feeding. These findings expand the current knowledge on anisakid diversity in\n                    <jats:italic>P. vitulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and provide novel evidence of its role as a definitive host for\n                    <jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (s.s.) in Norwegian coastal waters. Furthermore, the results suggest that competitive interactions among anisakid species, combined with ecological and physiological host factors, may facilitate the development and maturation of\n                    <jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (s.s.) in harbour seals. Further studies are warranted to assess the frequency and health implications of such infections in wild pinniped populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-025-08559-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:42:11Z","timestamp":1758872531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anisakid biodiversity in two young harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L.) from coastal South-West Norway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Giulietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marialetizia","family":"Palomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica Rodriguez","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Mattiucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Bj\u00f8rge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Levsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8559_CR1","volume-title":"Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission","author":"RC Anderson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anderson RC (2006) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission, 2nd edn. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"8559_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)00133-9","volume":"25","author":"PE Aspholm","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aspholm PE, Ugland KI, J\u00f8destol KA, Berland B (1995) Sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) infection in common seals (Phoca vitulina) and potential intermediate fish hosts from the outer Oslofjord. Int J Parasitol 25(3):367\u2013373","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR3","volume-title":"Nematoder i kystsel p\u00e5 norskekysten (Master\u2019s thesis)","author":"PE Aspholm","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aspholm PE (1991) Nematoder i kystsel p\u00e5 norskekysten (Master\u2019s thesis). University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"key":"8559_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2023.102794","volume":"97","author":"M Bao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bao M, Giulietti L, Levsen A, Karlsbakk E (2023) Resurrection of genus Phocanema Myers, 1959, as a genus independent from Pseudoterranova Mozgovoi, 1953, for nematode species (Anisakidae) parasitic in pinnipeds and cetaceans, respectively. Parasitol Int 97:102794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2023.102794","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"8559_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1961.10410245","volume":"2","author":"B Berland","year":"1961","unstructured":"Berland B (1961) Nematodes from Norwegian marine fishes. Sarsia 2:1\u201350","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"8559_CR6","unstructured":"Berland B (1963) Phocascaris cystophorae sp. nov. (Nematoda) from the hooded seal, with an emendation of the genus. \u00c5rbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Matematisk-Naturvitenskapelig Serie 17:3\u201321."},{"key":"8559_CR7","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Parasites of the colder climates","author":"B Berland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Berland B (2003) Anisakis spp. In: Akuffo H, Linder E, Ljungstr\u00f6m I, Wahlgren M (eds) Parasites of the colder climates. Taylor & Francis, London, UK, pp 161\u2013168"},{"key":"8559_CR8","unstructured":"Berland B (2006) Musings on nematode parasites. Fisken og Havet. Bergen, Norway: Havforskningsinstituttet (Institute of Marine Research)"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(91)90121-O","volume":"58","author":"A Bj\u00f8rge","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rge A (1991) Status of the harbour seal Phoca vitulina L. in Norway. Biol Conserv 58(2):229\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-3207(91)90121-O","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"#cr-split#-8559_CR10.1","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rge A (1987) Ecology of common seal, Phoca vitulina, in Norway. In International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-8559_CR10.2","unstructured":"(ed) Coastal Seal Symposium, Oslo, April 28-29, 1987. International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation, Oslo, Norway, pp. 159-161"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/oceans2010003","volume":"2","author":"M-A Blanchet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blanchet M-A, Vincent C, Womble JN, Steingass SM, Desportes G (2021) Harbour seals: population structure, status, and threats in a rapidly changing environment. Oceans 2(1):41\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/oceans2010003","journal-title":"Oceans"},{"issue":"12","key":"8559_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0144899","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144899","volume":"10","author":"R Bodewes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bodewes R, Rubio Garc\u00eda A, Brasseur SM, Sanchez Conteras GJ, van de Bildt MWG, Koopmans MPG (2015) Seroprevalence of antibodies against seal influenza A(H10N7) virus in harbor seals and gray seals from the Netherlands. PLoS ONE 10(12):e0144899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144899","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8559_CR13","unstructured":"Brattey J, Bishop C, Myers R A (1990) Geographic distribution and abundance of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Ascaridea) in the musculature of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Newfoundland and Labrador. In Bowen WD (ed) Population biology of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol\u00a0222. Department of Fisheries and Oceans,\u00a0Ottawa, Canada, pp. 67\u201382"},{"issue":"5","key":"8559_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1139\/f92-106","volume":"49","author":"J Brattey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brattey J, Ni I-H (1992) Ascaridoid nematodes from the stomach of harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, from Newfoundland and Labrador. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 49(5):956\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/f92-106","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"8559_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1139\/z93-303","volume":"71","author":"J Brattey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brattey J, Stenson GB (1993) Host specificity and abundance of parasitic nematodes (Ascaridoidea) from the stomach of five phocid species from Newfoundland and Labrador. Can J Zool 71:2156\u20132166","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"8559_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1955305477","volume":"30","author":"J Campana-Rouget","year":"1955","unstructured":"Campana-Rouget J, Biocca E (1955) Une nouvelle esp\u00e8ce d\u2019Anisakis chez un phoque m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 30:477\u2013480","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"8559_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.08.017","volume":"146","author":"S Cavallero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cavallero S, Costa A, Caracappa S, Gambetta B, D\u2019Amelio S (2014) Putative hybrids between two Anisakis cryptic species: molecular genotyping using high resolution melting. Exp Parasitol 146:87\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.08.017","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17710-1","volume":"12","author":"P Cipriani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cipriani P, Palomba M, Giulietti L, Marcer F, Mazzariol S, Santoro M, Alburqueque RA, Covelo P, L\u00f3pez A, Santos MB, Pierce GJ, Brownlow A, Davison NJ, McGovern B, Frantzis A, Alexiadou P, H\u00f8jgaard DP, Mikkelsen B, Paoletti M, Nascetti G, Mattiucci S (2022) Distribution and genetic diversity of Anisakis spp. in cetaceans from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 12:13664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-17710-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8559_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.111097","volume":"171","author":"P Cipriani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cipriani P, Bao M, Giulietti L, Storesund JE, Staby A, Levsena A (2025) Anisakid parasites (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) from Norwegian waters: considerations on food safety and host population ecology. Food Control 171:111097","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7519(99)00178-2","volume":"30","author":"S D\u2019Amelio","year":"2000","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio S, Mathiopoulos KD, Santos CP, Pugachev ON, Webb SC, Pican\u00e7o M, Paggi L (2000) Genetic markers in ribosomal DNA for the identification of members of the genus Anisakis (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) defined by polymerase-chain-reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Int J Parasitol 30(2):223\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0020-7519(99)00178-2","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00006921","volume":"45","author":"JT Davey","year":"1971","unstructured":"Davey JT (1971) A revision of the genus Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Ascaridata). J Helminthol 45:51\u201372","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8559_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09090","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.9090","volume":"22","author":"A Allende","year":"2024","unstructured":"EFSA Biohaz Panel (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards), Allende A, Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez A, Bortolaia V, Bover-Cid S, De Cesare A, Dohmen W, Guillier L, Herman L, Jacxsens L, Nauta M, Mughini-Gras L, Ottoson J, Peixe L, Perez-Rodriguez F, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Buchmann K, Levsen A, Mattiucci S, Bolton D (2024) Re-evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2. EFSA J 22(11):e09090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.9090","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"8559_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez A, Bover-Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Buchmann K, Careche M, Levsen A, Mattiucci S, Mladineo I, Santos MJ, Barcia-Cruz R, Broglia A, Chuzhakina K, Goudjihounde SM, Guerra B, Messens W, Guajardo IM, Bolton D (2024) Re-evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 1: ToRs1-3. EFSA J 22(4), Article e8719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.8719","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.8719"},{"issue":"5","key":"8559_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15048","volume":"26","author":"Evan A Fiorenza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fiorenza Evan A, Wendt Catrin A, Dobkowski Katie A, King Teri L, Pappaionou Marguerite, Rabinowitz Peter, Samhouri Jameal F, Wood Chelsea L (2020) It\u2019s a wormy world: meta-analysis reveals several decades of change in the global abundance of the parasitic nematodes Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp. in marine fishes and invertebrates. Global Change Biology 26(5):2854\u20132866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15048","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"8559_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-020-00246-7","volume":"66","author":"M Gabel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabel M, Theisen S, Palm HW, Nachev M, Schares G, L\u00fchken R (2021) Nematode parasites in Baltic Sea mammals, grey seal (Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791)) and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena (L.)), from the German coast. Acta Parasitol 66:26\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-020-00246-7","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.06.006","volume":"202","author":"M Gay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gay M, Bao M, MacKenzie K, Pascual S, Buchmann K, Bourgau O, Couvreur C, Mattiucci S, Paoletti M, Hastie LC, Levsen A, Pierce GJ (2018) Infection levels and species diversity of ascaridoid nematodes in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, are correlated with geographic area and fish size. Fish Res 202:90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.06.006","journal-title":"Fish Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(87)90116-0","volume":"17","author":"JR Geraci","year":"1987","unstructured":"Geraci JR, St. Aubin DJ (1987) Effects of parasites on marine mammals. Int J Parasitol 17(2):407\u2013414","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3750\/AIP1976.06.1.08","volume":"6","author":"J Grabda","year":"1976","unstructured":"Grabda J (1976) Studies on the life cycle and morphogenesis of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) cultured in vitro. Acta Ichthyol Piscator 6(1):119\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3750\/AIP1976.06.1.08","journal-title":"Acta Ichthyol Piscator"},{"key":"8559_CR29","first-page":"95","volume":"41","author":"TA Hall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall TA (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95\u201398","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser"},{"key":"8559_CR30","unstructured":"Hansen RR Malmstr\u00f8m M (2006) Kveisinfeksjon i fisk og sel i Oslofjorden (Master\u2019s thesis). University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(87)90007-X","volume":"21","author":"TJ H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen","year":"1987","unstructured":"H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen TJ (1987) Influence of feeding on haul-out patterns and sizes of sub-populations in harbour seals. Neth J Sea Res 21(4):331\u2013339","journal-title":"Neth J Sea Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"8559_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-230R","volume":"90","author":"MV Herreras","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herreras MV, Balbuena JA, Aznar FJ, Kaarstad SE, Fern\u00e1ndez M, Raga JA (2004) Population structure of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) in harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena off Denmark. J Parasitol 90(5):933\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-230R","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.636626","volume":"8","author":"J Hrabar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hrabar J, Smodlaka H, Rasouli-Dogaheh S, Petri\u0107 M, Trumbi\u0107 \u017d, Palmer L, Sakamaki K, Pavelin T, Mladineo I (2021) Phylogeny and pathology of anisakids parasitizing stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in southern California. Front Mar Sci 8:636626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2021.636626","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1992.10413478","volume":"76","author":"T Jensen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jensen T, Id\u00e5s K (1992) Infection with Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) larvae in cod (Gadus morhua) relative to proximity of seal colonies. Sarsia 76(4):227\u2013230","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"8559_CR35","unstructured":"Jensen DJ (2009) En unders\u00f8kelse av leverlesjoner i steinkobbe (Master\u2019s thesis). University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"issue":"5","key":"8559_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1685.1","volume":"96","author":"CE Johansen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johansen CE, Lydersen C, Aspholm PE, Haug T, Kovacs KM (2010) Helminth parasites in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from Svalbard, Norway with special emphasis on nematodes: variation with age, sex, diet, and location of host. J Parasitol 96(5):946\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-1685.1","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR37","unstructured":"Johansen JD (2012) Nematode infection in harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) at two sites: Sand\u00f8y and Hvaler archipelago, Norway (Master\u2019s thesis). University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"issue":"6","key":"8559_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315413001276","volume":"94","author":"K Karpiej","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karpiej K, Simard M, Pufall E, Rokicki J (2014) Anisakids (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) (Mammalia: Pinnipedia) from Nunavut region. J Mar Biol Assoc U K 94(6):1237\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0025315413001276","journal-title":"J Mar Biol Assoc U K"},{"issue":"6","key":"8559_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931790","volume":"81","author":"M K\u00f8ie","year":"1995","unstructured":"K\u00f8ie M, Fagerholm HP (1995) The life-cycle of Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) sensu-stricto (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) in view of experimental infections. Parasitol Res 81(6):481\u2013489","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"8559_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-519","volume":"52","author":"M K\u00f8ie","year":"1995","unstructured":"K\u00f8ie M, Berland B, Burt MDB (1995) Development to third-stage larvae occurs in the eggs of Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 52(Suppl. 1):134\u2013139","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"8559_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2025.101066","volume":"27","author":"K Kumas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumas K, Fernandez Gonzalez CM, Kania PW, Buchmann K (2025) Gastrointestinal parasites of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina L.) in Danish marine waters: prevalence, abundance, intensity and reproductive potential. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 27:101066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2025.101066","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"8559_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4131-2","volume":"113","author":"TA Kuzmina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuzmina TA, Lyons ET, Spraker TR (2014) Anisakids (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from stomachs of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska: parasitological and pathological analysis. Parasitol Res 113:4463\u20134470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4131-2","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8559_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.09.001","volume":"7","author":"TA Kuzmina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuzmina TA, Spraker TR, Kudlai O, Lisitsyna OI, Zabludovskaja SO, Karbowiak G, Fontaine C, Kuchta R (2018) Metazoan parasites of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): a new data and review. Int J Parasitol: Parasites Wildlife 7(3):326\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.09.001","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol: Parasites Wildlife"},{"key":"8559_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.05.004","volume":"12","author":"J Lakemeyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lakemeyer J, Siebert U, Abdulmawjood A, Ryeng KA, Ijsseldijk LL, Lehnert K (2020) Anisakid nematode species identification in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and North Atlantic using RFLP analysis. Int J Parasitology: Parasites Wildlife 12:93\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.05.004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitology: Parasites Wildlife"},{"key":"8559_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404","volume":"23","author":"M Larkin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larkin M, Blackshields G, Brown N, Chenna R, McGettigan P, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace I, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson J, Gibson T, Higgins D (2007) Clustal w and Clustal x version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947\u20132948","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10152-007-0072-9","volume":"61","author":"K Lehnert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lehnert K, Raga JA, Siebert U (2007) Parasites in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Wadden Sea between two Phocine Distemper Virus epidemics. Helgoland Mar Res 61(4):239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10152-007-0072-9","journal-title":"Helgoland Mar Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8559_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3354\/dao064265","volume":"64","author":"K Lehnert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lehnert K, Raga JA, Siebert U (2005) Macroparasites in stranded and bycaught harbour porpoises from German and Norwegian waters. Dis Aquat Organ 64(3):265\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao064265","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"8559_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.09.009","volume":"202","author":"A Levsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levsen A, Gonz\u00e1lez AF, Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, Paoletti M, Gay M, H\u00f8jgaard DP, Joensen MM, Hastie LC, Bao M, MacKenzie K, Pierce GJ, Karl H, Ostermeyer U, Buchmann K, Bu\u0161eli\u0107 I, Mladineo I, Pascual S (2018) A survey of zoonotic nematodes of commercial key fish species from major European fishing grounds \u2013 Introducing the FP7 PARASITE exposure assessment study. Fish Res 202:90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.09.009","journal-title":"Fish Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"8559_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001305","volume":"149","author":"A Levsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Levsen A, Cipriani P, Palomba M, Giulietti L, Storesund JE, Bao M (2022) Anisakid parasites (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in three commercially important gadid fish species from the southern Barents Sea, with emphasis on key infection drivers and spatial distribution within the hosts. Parasitology 149(14):1942\u20131957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182022001305","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/00785326.1991.10429735","volume":"34","author":"SG Lunneryd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lunneryd SG (1991) Anisakid nematodes in the harbour seal Phoca vitulina from the Kattegat-Skagerrak and the Baltic. Ophelia 34(2):105\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00785326.1991.10429735","journal-title":"Ophelia"},{"key":"8559_CR51","unstructured":"Mansfield AW, Beck B (1977) The grey seal in Eastern Canada (Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Report No. 704). Department of Fisheries and the Environment,\u00a0Ottawa, Canada"},{"key":"8559_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.7557\/3.2962","volume":"3","author":"DJ Marcogliese","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marcogliese DJ (2001) Distribution and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes in fish and seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: potential importance of climatic conditions. NAMMCO Sci Publ 3:113\u2013128","journal-title":"NAMMCO Sci Publ"},{"key":"8559_CR53","unstructured":"Marcogliese DJ, McClelland G (1994) The status of biological research on sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in eastern Canada (Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2260). Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada,\u00a0Ottawa, Canada"},{"key":"8559_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.1992.tb00014.x","volume":"15","author":"NH Markussen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Markussen NH (1992) Apparent decline in the harbour seal Phoca vitulina population near Hvaler, Norway, following an epizootic. Ecography 15:111\u2013113","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02591.x","volume":"219","author":"NH Markussen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Markussen NH, Bj\u00f8rge A, \u00d8ritsland NA (1989) Growth in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) on the Norwegian coast. J Zool 219(4):433\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02591.x","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"key":"8559_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)00202-9","volume":"66","author":"S Mattiucci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Nascetti G (2008) Advances and trends in the molecular systematics of anisakid nematodes, with implications for their evolutionary ecology and host\u2013parasite co-evolutionary processes. Adv Parasitol 66:47\u2013148","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005914926720","volume":"40","author":"S Mattiucci","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Paggi L, Nascetti G, Portes Santos C, Costa G, Cianchi R, Bullini L (1998) Allozyme and morphological identification of Anisakis, Contracaecum, and Pseudoterranova from Japanese waters (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea). Syst Parasitol 40(2):81\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1005914926720","journal-title":"Syst Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X1700027X","volume":"91","author":"S Mattiucci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, Paoletti M, Levsen A, Nascetti G (2017) Reviewing biodiversity and epidemiological aspects of anisakid nematodes from the North-east Atlantic Ocean. J Helminthol 91(4):422\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X1700027X","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"8559_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, Webb SC, Paoletti M, Marcer F, Bellisario B, Gibson DI, Nascetti G, D\u2019Amelio S (2014) Genetic and morphological approaches distinguish the three sibling species of the Anisakis simplex species complex, with a species designation as Anisakis berlandi n. sp. for A. simplex sp. C (Nematoda: Anisakidae). J Parasitol 100(2): 199\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/13-362.1","DOI":"10.1645\/13-362.1"},{"key":"8559_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Acerra V, Paoletti M, Cipriani P, Levsen A, Webb SC, Canestrelli D, Nascetti G (2016) No more time to stay 'single' in the detection of Anisakis pegreffii, A. simplex (s.s.) and hybridization events between them: A multi-marker nuclear genotyping approach. Parasitology 143(8): 998\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182016000330","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000330"},{"key":"8559_CR61","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Advances in parasitology","author":"S Mattiucci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, Levsen A, Paoletti M, Nascetti G (2018) Molecular epidemiology of Anisakis and anisakiasis: An ecological and evolutionary road map. In: Rollinson D, Stothard JR (eds) Advances in parasitology, vol 99. Academic Press, London, UK, pp 93\u2013263"},{"key":"8559_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattiucci, S., Palomba, M., Belli, B., Aco-Alburqueque, R., Cipriani, P., Roca-Gerones, X., Santoro, M., Webb, S. C., & Nascetti, G. (2025). Hybridization and introgression of the mitochondrial genome between the two species Anisakis pegreffii and A. simplex (s.s.) using a wide genotyping approach: Evolutionary and ecological implications. Parasitology, 1\u201321. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182025000228","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182025000228"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(80)90115-0","volume":"49","author":"G McClelland","year":"1980","unstructured":"McClelland G (1980) Phocanema decipiens: growth, reproduction, and survival in seals. Exp Parasitol 49(2):175\u2013187","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"8559_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001513","volume":"124","author":"G McClelland","year":"2002","unstructured":"McClelland G (2002) The trouble with sealworms (Pseudoterranova decipiens species complex, Nematoda): a review. Parasitology 124(Suppl. 1):S183\u2013S203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182002001513","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"8559_CR65","unstructured":"McClelland G (1990) Larval sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) infections in benthic macrofauna. In: Bowen\u00a0WD (ed) Population biology of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol 222. Department of Fisheries and Oceans,\u00a0Ottawa, Canada, pp. 47\u201365"},{"key":"8559_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3133\/cir1393","volume-title":"Anisakiosis and pseudoterranovosis (USGS National Wildlife Health Center Circular 1393)","author":"LN Measures","year":"2014","unstructured":"Measures LN (2014) Anisakiosis and pseudoterranovosis (USGS National Wildlife Health Center Circular 1393). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/cir1393"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.11.003","volume":"47","author":"I Mladineo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mladineo I, Trumbi\u0107 \u017d, Radoni\u0107 I, Vrbatovi\u0107 A, Hrabar J, Bu\u0161eli\u0107 I (2017) Anisakis simplex complex: ecological significance of recombinant genotypes in an allopatric area of the Adriatic Sea inferred by genome-derived simple sequence repeats. Int J Parasitol 47(4):215\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.11.003","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0380:POTANA]2.0.CO;2","volume":"86","author":"SA Nadler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nadler SA, Hudspeth DS (2000) Phylogeny of the Ascaridoidea (Nematoda: Ascaridida) based on three genes and morphology: hypotheses of structural and sequence evolution. J Parasitol 86:380\u2013393","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(86)90032-9","volume":"16","author":"G Nascetti","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nascetti G, Paggi L, Orecchia P, Smith JW, Mattiucci S, Bullini L (1986) Electrophoretic studies on Anisakis simplex complex (Ascaridida: Anisakidae) from the Mediterranean and North East Atlantic. Int J Parasitol 16:633\u2013640","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90103-6","volume":"23","author":"G Nascetti","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nascetti G, Cianchi R, Mattiucci S, D\u2019Amelio S, Orecchia P, Paggi L, Brattey J, Berland B, Smith JW, Bullini L (1993) Three sibling species within Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) from the Atlantic Arctic-Boreal region: reproductive isolation and host preferences. Int J Parasitol 23(1):105\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90103-6","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR71","first-page":"86","volume":"2","author":"KT Nilssen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nilssen KT, Bj\u00f8rge A (2009) Kystsel \u2013 coastal seal. Fisken Og Havet, S\u00e6rnummer 2:86\u201389","journal-title":"Fisken Og Havet, S\u00e6rnummer"},{"key":"8559_CR72","unstructured":"Nilssen KT, Henden J-A, Biuw M (2023) Status for kystsel og anbefaling av jaktkvoter for 2024 [Rapport] Retrieved June 14, 2025. Havforskningsinstituttet. https:\/\/www.fiskeridir.no\/hoeringer\/regulering-av-jakt-pa-kystsel-i-2024\/kvoteforslag-kystsel-2024-hi.pdf"},{"key":"8559_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2960\/J.v22.a19","volume":"22","author":"D \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","year":"1997","unstructured":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir D, Hauksson E (1997) Anisakid (Nematoda) infestations in Icelandic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus Fabr.). J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 22:259\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2960\/J.v22.a19","journal-title":"J Northwest Atl Fish Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1998.10413690","volume":"83","author":"D \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","year":"1998","unstructured":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir D, Hauksson E (1998) Anisakid nematodes in the common seal (Phoca vitulina L.) in Icelandic waters. Sarsia 83(4):309\u2013316","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"8559_CR75","volume-title":"Whales, seals, fish and man","author":"M Olsen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Olsen M, Bj\u00f8rge A (1994) Seasonal and regional variations in the diet of harbour seal in Norwegian waters. In: Blix AS, Wall\u00f8e L, Ulltang \u00d8 (eds) Whales, seals, fish and man. Elsevier Science Publishers, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90010-5","volume":"21","author":"L Paggi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Paggi L, Nascetti G, Cianchi R, Orecchia P, Mattiucci S, D\u2019Amelio S, Berland B, Brattey J, Smith JW, Bullini L (1991) Genetic evidence for three species within Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) in the North Atlantic and Norwegian and Barents seas. Int J Parasitol 21(2):195\u2013212","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"13","key":"8559_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001124","volume":"146","author":"J Pawlak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pawlak J, Nadolna-A\u0142tyn K, Szostakowska B, Pachur M, Ba\u0144kowska A, Podolska M (2019) First evidence of the presence of Anisakis simplex in Crangon crangon and Contracaecum osculatum in Gammarus sp. by in situ examination of the stomach contents of cod (Gadus morhua) from the southern Baltic Sea. Parasitology 146(13):1699\u20131706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182019001124","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-021-02970-w","volume":"45","author":"KA Ryeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryeng KA, Lakemeyer J, Roller M, Rieber-Mohn A, Siebert U, Lehnert K (2022) Pathological findings in bycaught harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the coast of Northern Norway. Polar Biol 45(1):45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-021-02970-w","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"8559_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1139\/f58-023","volume":"15","author":"DM Scott","year":"1958","unstructured":"Scott DM, Fisher HD (1958) Incidence of the ascarid Porrocaecum decipiens in the stomach of three species of seals along the southern Canadian mainland. J Fish Res Board Can 15:495\u2013516","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"issue":"8","key":"8559_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07881-9","volume":"122","author":"S Shamsi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shamsi S, Barton DP (2023) A critical review of anisakidosis cases occurring globally. Parasitol Res 122(8):1733\u20131745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-023-07881-9","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"8559_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.09.002","volume":"134","author":"U Siebert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Siebert U, Tolley K, Vikingsson GA, \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir D, Lehnert K, Weiss R, Baumg\u00e4rtner W (2006) Pathological findings in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Norwegian and Icelandic waters. J Comp Pathol 134(2\u20133):134\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.09.002","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.04.018","volume":"137","author":"U Siebert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siebert U, Wohlsein P, Lehnert K, Baumg\u00e4rtner W (2007) Pathological findings in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina): 1996\u20132005. J Comp Pathol 137(1):47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.04.018","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-014-0225-3","volume":"59","author":"M Skrzypczak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skrzypczak M, Rokicki J, Pawliczka I, Najda K, Dzido J (2014) Anisakids of seals found on the southern coast of Baltic Sea. Acta Parasitol 59(1):165\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11686-014-0225-3","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60573-4","volume":"16","author":"JW Smith","year":"1978","unstructured":"Smith JW, Wootten R (1978) Anisakis and anisakiasis. Adv Parasitol 16:93\u2013148","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"8559_CR85","unstructured":"Templeman W (1990) Historical background to the sealworm problem in eastern Canadian waters. In: Bowen WD (ed) Population biology of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol 222. Department of Fisheries and Oceans,\u00a0Ottawa, Canada, pp 1\u201316\u00a0"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03182","volume":"127","author":"MTI Ten Doeschate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ten Doeschate MTI, IJsseldijk LL, Hiemstra S, de Jong EA, Strijkstra A, Gr\u00f6ne A, Begeman L (2017) Quantifying parasite presence in relation to biological parameters of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the Dutch coast. Dis Aquat Organ 127(1):49\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03182","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"8559_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-1065-5","volume":"92","author":"KI Ugland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ugland KI, Str\u00f8mnes E, Berland B, Aspholm PE (2004) Growth, fecundity and sex ratio of adult whaleworm (Anisakis simplex; Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) in three whale species from the North-East Atlantic. Parasitol Res 92:484\u2013489","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"8559_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valtonen ET, Fagerholm H-P, Helle E (1988) Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in fish and seals in Bothnian Bay (northeastern Baltic Sea). Int J Parasitol 18(3):365\u2013370.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-7519(88)90146-4","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(88)90146-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"8559_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.7589\/2019-09-228","volume":"56","author":"HS Walden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walden HS, Bryan AL, McIntosh A, Tuomi P, Hoover-Miller A, Stimmelmayr R, Quakenbush L (2020) Helminth fauna of ice seals in the Alaskan Bering and Chukchi seas, 2006\u201315. J Wildl Dis 56(4):863\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/2019-09-228","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"8559_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2307\/2402446","volume":"9","author":"PC Young","year":"1972","unstructured":"Young PC (1972) The relationship between the presence of larval anisakine nematodes in cod and marine mammals in British home waters. J Appl Ecol 9(2):459\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2402446","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"8559_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008551","volume":"86","author":"XQ Zhu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhu XQ, D\u2019Amelio S, Paggi L, Gasser RB (2000) Assessing sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA within and among members of the Contracaecum osculatum complex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae). Parasitol Res 86:677\u2013683","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8559_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X17000025","volume":"92","author":"S Zuo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zuo S, Kania PW, Mehrdana F, Marana MH, Buchmann K (2018) Contracaecum osculatum and other anisakid nematodes in grey seals and cod in the Baltic Sea: molecular and ecological links. J Helminthol 92(1):81\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X17000025","journal-title":"J Helminthol"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-025-08559-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-025-08559-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-025-08559-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T03:31:38Z","timestamp":1759980698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-025-08559-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["8559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-025-08559-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"110"}}