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Therefore, the current study was conducted to identify larval and adult cestodes in free-living rodents from Northeastern Poland. The fieldwork was conducted between 2014 and 2023 in three forest sites. Cestodes were collected from five rodent species (\n                    <jats:italic>Clethrionomys glareolus, Alexandromys oeconomus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Microtus agrestis, Apodemus agrarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. flavicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and were identified through morphology and by several genetic markers (12S rDNA,\n                    <jats:italic>cox1, nad 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 28S rDNA\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    12S-16S rDNA) using phylogenetic analyses. A total of 58 cestode specimens were analyzed using molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Species identified included\n                    <jats:italic>Catenotaenia henttoneni, Spasskijela kratochvili, Mesocestoides litteratus, Mesocestoides melesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and others. Three\n                    <jats:italic>Paranoplocephala<\/jats:italic>\n                    specimens were identified as\n                    <jats:italic>P. kalelai<\/jats:italic>\n                    based on\n                    <jats:italic>nad1<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences. Morphological and genetic analyses indicated that the dominant adult cestode in bank vole was\n                    <jats:italic>C. henttoneni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mesocestoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were the dominant larval cestodes. This study combined genetic and morphological methods to identify the cestodes infecting rodents in Poland. It confirmed the existence of\n                    <jats:italic>P. kalelai<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Poland, suggesting that previously reported\n                    <jats:italic>Paranoplocephala<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., identified by morphological characters, may have corresponded to this molecularly identified species. Our study also highlighted gaps in genetic databases that currently still do not allow precise species identification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-026-08629-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T05:35:58Z","timestamp":1771220158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular identification of cestodes from rodents in the Mazury Lake District region of Poland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Romanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alsarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Alsarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmara","family":"W\u0119\u017cyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Dwu\u017cnik-Szarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Goll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"G\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Krupi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Grzybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"To\u0142kacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Behnke-Borowczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy M.","family":"Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"8629_CR1","unstructured":"Abramson NI, Lissovsky AA (2012) Subfamily Arvicolinae. 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The study was performed according to the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. All procedures in 2014 were carried out in accordance with the approval granted by the Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments in Warsaw (Resolution No. 706\/2015), in compliance with the principles governing experimental conditions and the care of laboratory animals as required by the European Union and the Polish Law on Animal Protection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author details (optional)"}}],"article-number":"26"}}