{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:51:33Z","timestamp":1781643093503,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Seabirds are important apex predators and valuable sentinels of marine ecosystem health. Because they integrate signals from multiple trophic levels, their diet provides important insights into marine food-web dynamics, gastrointestinal parasite fauna, and the impacts of human activities. Changes in diet composition can affect seabird reproductive success, health status and parasite load. Many protozoan and helminth parasites depend on predator-prey interactions to complete their life cycles, making dietary analysis a useful tool for understanding parasite transmission and ecology. Here, 82 pellets were collected from an Imperial Cormorant (\n                    <jats:italic>Leucocarbo atriceps<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) colony in the Falkland Islands\/Malvinas Islands (51\u00b043\u2019S, 61\u00b019\u2019W) in 2020 and 2022. Preys were identified using hard remains and metazoan endoparasites using morphological and genetic identification. Parasitological analysis of pellets was performed using the standard sodium-acetate-formaldehyde method (SAF). The diet primarily consisted of fish, particularly ray-thinned fish species (\n                    <jats:italic>Patagonotothen<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.), crustaceans [squat lobsters; (\n                    <jats:italic>Munida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.)], and to a lesser extent polychaetes and cephalopods. The presence of nematodes of the family Anisakidae, including the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Contracaecum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was detected using both methods (PCR and SAF). The comparison with the diet suggests that ray-thinned fish\n                    <jats:italic>(Patagonotothen<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) likely act as paratenic hosts for\n                    <jats:italic>Contracaecum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Anisakidae) infections in the Imperial Cormorant. Further, a fish-borne trematode (Heterophyidae) was detected by SAF, which is the first reported in free-ranging Imperial Cormorants. However, no relationship could be demonstrated between this parasite and prey. Further studies are necessary to fill the gaps in our knowledge of parasites\u2019 life cycles and their effects on Imperial Cormorant\u2019s health in the Falklands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-026-08658-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:25:46Z","timestamp":1773228346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoparasites of the Imperial Cormorant (Leucocarbo atriceps) in the Falkland Islands: investigation of secondary hosts and detection methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4914-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"M\u00e9taireau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Hermosilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Quillfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"8658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.474","volume":"12","author":"DJ Agnew","year":"2002","unstructured":"Agnew DJ (2002) Critical aspects of the Falkland Islands pelagic ecosystem: distribution, spawning and migration of pelagic animals in relation to oil exploration. Aquat Conserv 12:39\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aqc.474","journal-title":"Aquat Conserv"},{"key":"8658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994215.0000","volume-title":"Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission","author":"RC Anderson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderson RC (2000) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission, 2nd edn. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/9780851994215.0000","edition":"2"},{"key":"8658_CR3","volume-title":"Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates","author":"RC Anderson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Anderson RC, Chabaud AG, Willmott S (1974) Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England"},{"key":"8658_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1996034367","volume":"3","author":"CM Bartlett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bartlett CM (1996) Morphogenesis of Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea), a parasite of fish-eating birds, in its copepod precursor and fish intermediate hosts. Parasite 3:367\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/1996034367","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"8658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps320001","volume":"320","author":"P Bhadury","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bhadury P, Austen M, Bilton D, Lambshead P, Rogers A, Smerdon G (2006) Development and evaluation of a DNA-barcoding approach for the rapid identification of nematodes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 320:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps320001","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"8658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90109-W","volume":"54","author":"J Bowles","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowles J, Blair D, McManus DP (1992) Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Mol Biochem Parasitol 54:165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90109-W","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X07750514","volume":"81","author":"P Brickle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brickle P, MacKenzie K (2007) Parasites as biological tags for Eleginops maclovinus (Teleostei: Eleginopidae) around the Falkland Islands. J Helminthol 81:147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X07750514","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"8658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-79-12-2289","volume":"79","author":"P Brickle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brickle P, Olson PD, Littlewood DTJ, Bishop A, Arkhipkin AI (2001) Parasites of Loligo gahi from waters off the Falkland Islands, with a phylogenetically based identification of their cestode larvae. Can J Zool 79:2289\u20132296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjz-79-12-2289","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"8658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-539R.1","volume":"92","author":"P Brickle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brickle P, MacKenzie K, Pike A (2006) Variations in the parasite fauna of the Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt, 1898), with length, season and depth of habitat around the Falkland Islands. J Parasitol 92:282\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-539R.1","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2021.106129","volume":"244","author":"P Brickle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brickle P, Randhawa HS, Reid MR, Lee B, Shcherbich Z, Arkhipkin AI (2021) Otolith trace elemental analyses and parasites provide useful tools for the stock discrimination of Patagonotothen ramsayi (Regan, 1913) (Nototheniidae) on the southern Patagonian Shelf. Fish Res 244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fishres.2021.106129","journal-title":"Fish Res"},{"key":"8658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X12000636","volume":"87","author":"J Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown J, Brickle P, Scott BE (2013) The parasite fauna of the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides off the Falkland Islands. J Helminthol 87:501\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X12000636","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"8658_CR12","first-page":"553","volume":"19","author":"M Bulgarella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bulgarella M, Pizarro LC, Quintana F, Gosztonyi A, Kuba L (2008) Diet of Imperial Cormorants (Phalacrocorax atriceps) and Rock Shags (P. magellanicus) breeding sympatrically in Patagonia, Argentina. Ornitol Neotrop 19:553\u2013563","journal-title":"Ornitol Neotrop"},{"key":"8658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210x.12015","volume":"4","author":"S Burthe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burthe S, Newell MA, Goodman G, Butler A, Bregnballe T, Harris E, Wanless S, Cunningham EJA, Daunt F (2013) Endoscopy as a novel method for assessing endoparasite burdens in free-ranging European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis). Methods Ecol Evol 4:207\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210x.12015","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8658_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227","volume":"83","author":"AO Bush","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bush AO, Lafferty KD, Lotz JM, Shostak AW (1997) Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. J Parasitol 83(4):575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3284227","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.42.1.1066","volume":"42","author":"PD Carrera-J\u00e1tiva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carrera-J\u00e1tiva PD, Rodr\u00edguez-Hidalgo R, Sevilla C, Jim\u00e9nez-Uzc\u00e1tegui G (2014) Gastrointestinal parasites in the Galapagos Penguin Spheniscus mendiculus and the flightless cormorant Phalacrocorax harrisi in the Galapagos Islands. Mar Ornithol 42:77\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/2074-1235.42.1.1066","journal-title":"Mar Ornithol"},{"key":"8658_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.25.1.373","volume":"25","author":"RJ Casaux","year":"1997","unstructured":"Casaux RJ, Favero M, Coria N, Silva P (1997) Diet of the Imperial Cormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps: comparison of pellets and stomach contents. Mar Ornithol 25:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/2074-1235.25.1.373","journal-title":"Mar Ornithol"},{"key":"8658_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas 20:37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001316446002000104","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"8658_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1758.1","volume":"95","author":"JI Diaz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diaz JI, Fonteneau F, Panisse G, Cremonte F, Navone GT (2009) Redescription of <Emphasis Type=\u201cItalic\u201d>Ingliseria cirrohamata<\/Emphasis> (Linstow, 1888) (Nematoda: Acuariidae), including new hosts and geographical records. J Parasitol 95:396\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-1758.1","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR19","unstructured":"Dorai-Raj S (2022) Package binom. Version 1.1\u20131.1. Binomial confidence intervals for several parameterizations. CRAN"},{"key":"8658_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.543829","volume":"7","author":"D Ebmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ebmer D, Navarrete MJ, Mu\u00f1oz P, Flores LM, G\u00e4rtner U, Brabec J, Poppert S, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2020) Anthropozoonotic parasites circulating in synanthropic and pacific colonies of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens): non-invasive techniques data and a review of the literature. Front Mar Sci 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.543829","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"8658_CR21","unstructured":"Falklands Conservation (2023) New Island Wildlife. https:\/\/www.newislandtrust.com\/wildlife\/. Accessed 14 March 2024"},{"key":"8658_CR22","first-page":"103","volume":"15","author":"S Ferrari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrari S, Alegre B, Gandini P (2004) Dieta del cormoran imperial (Phalacrocorax atriceps) en el sur de Santa Cruz (Patagonia, Argentina). Ornitol Neotrop 15:103\u2013110","journal-title":"Ornitol Neotrop"},{"key":"8658_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-013-1391-8","volume":"36","author":"F Fonteneau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fonteneau F, Cook TR (2013) New data on gastrointestinal helminths in shags (Phalacrocorax verrucosus) at Kerguelen Archipelago. Polar Biol 36:1839\u20131843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-013-1391-8","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-024-03281-6","volume":"47","author":"B Fusaro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fusaro B, Capasso S, Lorenti E, Panisse G, Fuentes L, Fornillo MV, Libertelli M, Ansaldo M, Diaz JI (2024) Assessing helminth infection in some reproductive colonies of Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica. Polar Biol 47:1065\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-024-03281-6","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35537\/10915\/4323","author":"L Garbin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garbin L (2009) Taxonomia y evaluacion de la especificidad hospedatoria de nematodos Anisakidae parasitos de aves marinas en el aera de Peninsula Vald\u00e9s, Chubut, Argentina. Universidad Nac de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35537\/10915\/4323","journal-title":"Universidad Nac de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo"},{"key":"8658_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1369.1","volume":"94","author":"L Garbin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garbin L, Diaz JI, Cremonte F, Navone GT (2008) A new Anisakid species parasitizing the Imperial cormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps from the North Patagonian Coast, Argentina. J Parasitol 94:852\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-1369.1","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2013.03.001","volume":"62","author":"L Garbin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garbin L, Mattiucci S, Paoletti M, Diaz JI, Nascetti G, Navone GT (2013) Molecular identification and larval morphological description of Contracaecum pelagicum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the anchovy Engraulis anchoita (Engraulidae) and fish-eating birds from the Argentine North Patagonian Sea. Parasitol Int 62:309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2013.03.001","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"8658_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2019a-0027","volume":"56","author":"L Garbin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garbin L, Diaz JI, Morgenthaler A, Millones A, Kuba L, Fuchs D, Navone GT (2019aa) Cormorant pellets as a tool for the knowledge of parasite-intermediate host associations and nematode diversity in the environment. Helminthologia 56:296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/helm-2019a-0027","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"8658_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1645\/17-91","volume":"105","author":"L Garbin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garbin L, Diaz JI, Navone GT (2019) Species of Contracaecum parasitizing the Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) from the Argentinean Coast. J Parasitol 105(2):222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/17-91","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5256.1.3","volume":"5256","author":"L Garbin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garbin L, Diaz JI, Servi\u00e1n A, Fusaro B, Navone GT (2023) The genus Contracaecum Raillet and Henry (Nematoda: Anisakidae): host and geographical distribution on Neotropical and Antarctic species. Zootaxa 5256:43\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.5256.1.3","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"8658_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gibson DI, Harris E, Bray R, Hussey C (2022) Host-Parasite database [. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5519\/nplk7c5u. Dataset] Natural History Museum","DOI":"10.5519\/nplk7c5u"},{"key":"8658_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2006.01472.x","volume":"42","author":"MJ Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez MJ, Gallardo JM, Brickle P, Medina I (2007) Nutritional composition and safety of Patagonotothen ramsayi, a discard species from Patagonian Shelf. Int J Food Sci Technol 42:1240\u20131248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2006.01472.x","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"8658_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612020049","volume":"29","author":"D Gonz\u00e1lez-Acu\u00f1a","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Acu\u00f1a D, Llanos-Soto S, Oyarz\u00fan-Ruiz P, Kinsella JM, Barrientos C, Thomas R, Cicchino A, Moreno L (2020) Parasites of the Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum (Phalacrocorax) brasilianus (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) in Chile. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612020049","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"8658_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.26.1.401","volume":"26","author":"AE Gosztonyi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gosztonyi AE, Kuba L (1998) Fishes in the diet of the Imperial cormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps at Punta Loberia, Chubut, Argentina. Mar Ornithol 26:59\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/2074-1235.26.1.401","journal-title":"Mar Ornithol"},{"key":"8658_CR35","first-page":"159","volume":"3","author":"RO Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"1943","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez RO (1943) Sobre la morfolog\u00eda de una nueva especie de Contracaecum (Nematoda: Ascariroidea). Rev Bras Biol 3:159\u2013172","journal-title":"Rev Bras Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1676\/15-141.1","volume":"128","author":"S Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harris S, Samaniego RAS, Rey AR (2016) Insights into diet and foraging behavior of Imperial Shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps) breeding at Staten and Becasses Islands, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. Wilson J Ornithol 128:811\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1676\/15-141.1","journal-title":"Wilson J Ornithol"},{"key":"8658_CR37","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"T Hecht","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hecht T (1987) A guide to the otoliths of Southern Ocean fishes. S Afr J Antarct Res 17:1\u201387","journal-title":"S Afr J Antarct Res"},{"key":"8658_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5942-3","volume":"117","author":"C Hermosilla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hermosilla C, Hirzmann J, Silva LMR, Brotons JM, Cerd\u00e0 M, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Ewers C, Taubert A (2018) Occurrence of anthropozoonotic parasitic infections and faecal microbes in free-ranging sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from the Mediterranean Sea. Parasitol Res 117:2531\u20132541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-5942-3","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"8658_CR39","first-page":"181","volume":"82","author":"H Huizinga","year":"1966","unstructured":"Huizinga H (1966) Studies on the life cycles and development of Contracaecum spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809) (Ascaridoidea: Heterocheilidae) from marine piscivorous birds. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 82:181\u2013195","journal-title":"J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc"},{"key":"8658_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1676\/16-184.1","volume":"130","author":"C Ibarra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibarra C, Marinao C, Su\u00e1rez N, Yorio P (2018) Differences between colonies and chick-rearing stages in Imperial Cormorant (Phalacrocorax atriceps) diet composition: implications for trophic studies and monitoring. Wilson J Ornithol 130:224\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1676\/16-184.1","journal-title":"Wilson J Ornithol"},{"key":"8658_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1986.10419696","volume":"71","author":"M Jobling","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jobling M, Breiby A (1986) The use and abuse of fish otoliths in studies of feeding habits of marine piscivores. Sarsia 71:265\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00364827.1986.10419696","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"8658_CR42","volume-title":"Cormorants, Darters, and Pelicans of the World","author":"PA Johnsgard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnsgard PA (1993) Cormorants, Darters, and Pelicans of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA"},{"key":"8658_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/00063659009477030","volume":"37","author":"IG Johnstone","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johnstone IG, Harris MP, Wanless S, Graves JA (1990) The usefulness of pellets for assessing the diet of adult Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis. Bird Study 37:5\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00063659009477030","journal-title":"Bird Study"},{"key":"8658_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4085-4","volume":"113","author":"S Kleinertz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kleinertz S, Christmann S, Silva LMR, Hirzmann J, Hermosilla C, Taubert A (2014) Gastrointestinal parasite fauna of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Atka Bay, Antarctica. Parasitol Res 113:4133\u20134139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4085-4","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"8658_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931790","volume":"81","author":"M K\u00f8ie","year":"1995","unstructured":"K\u00f8ie M, Fagerholm HP (1995) The life cycle of Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) sensu stricto (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) in view of experimental infections. Parasitol Res 81:481\u2013489","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"8658_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-003-0573-1","volume":"27","author":"VV Laptikhovsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laptikhovsky VV (2004) A comparative study of diet in three sympatric populations of Patagonotothen species (Pisces: Nototheniidae). Polar Biol 27:202\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-003-0573-1","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-529","volume":"52","author":"K MacKenzie","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacKenzie K, Longshaw M (1995) Parasites of the hakes Merluccius australis and M. Hubbsi in the waters around the Falkland Islands, southern Chile, and Argentina, with an assessment of their potential value as biological tags. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 52:213\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/f95-529","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"8658_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2013.03.008","volume":"145","author":"K MacKenzie","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacKenzie K, Brickle P, Hemmingsen W, George-Nascimento M (2013) Parasites of hoki, Macruronus magellanicus, in the Southwest Atlantic and Southeast Pacific Oceans, with an assessment of their potential value as biological tags. Fish Res 145:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fishres.2013.03.008","journal-title":"Fish Res"},{"key":"8658_CR49","first-page":"91","volume":"5","author":"E Malacalza","year":"1994","unstructured":"Malacalza E, Poretti I, Marcelo N (1994) La dieta de Phalacrocorax albiventer en Punta Leon (Chubut, Argentina) durante la temporada reproductiva. Ornitol Neotrop 5:91\u201397","journal-title":"Ornitol Neotrop"},{"key":"8658_CR50","first-page":"29","volume":"6","author":"E Malacalza","year":"1998","unstructured":"Malacalza E, Bertellotti M, Poretti T (1998) Presencia de nematodes (Contracaecum sp.) en \u2018pellets\u2019 del cormoran real (Phalacrocorax albiventer) en Punta Leon, Chubut, Argentina. Nat Patag 6:29\u201334","journal-title":"Nat Patag"},{"key":"8658_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-010-0843-7","volume":"33","author":"A Michalik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michalik A, Van Noordwijk HJ, Brickle P, Eggers T, Quillfeldt P (2010) The diet of the Imperial Shag Phalacrocorax atriceps at a colony on New Island, Falkland\/Malvinas Islands combining different sampling techniques. Polar Biol 33:1537\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-010-0843-7","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2009.023","volume":"56","author":"F Moravec","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moravec F (2009) Experimental studies on the development of Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in copepod and fish paratenic hosts. Folia Parasitol 56:185\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14411\/fp.2009.023","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-022-03086-5","volume":"45","author":"A Morgenthaler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morgenthaler A, Millones A, Gandini P, Frere E (2022) Diet of adult and immature Imperial cormorants, Leucocarbo atriceps, from southern Patagonia. A combined dietary approach and an exploratory analysis of stable isotopes of pellet membrane. Polar Biol 45:1529\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-022-03086-5","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.7589\/2012-10-249","volume":"50","author":"M O\u2019Hear","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Hear M, Pote L, Yost M, Doffitt C, King T, Panuska C (2014) Morphologic and molecular identifications of digenetic trematodes in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from the Mississippi Delta, USA. J Wildl Dis 50:42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/2012-10-249","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"8658_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-19572015000300013","volume":"50","author":"P Oyarz\u00fan-Ruiz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oyarz\u00fan-Ruiz P, Mu\u00f1oz-Alvarado P (2015) Cormor\u00e1n imperial, Phalacrocorax atriceps (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae): Nuevo hospedero para un par\u00e1sito respiratorio, Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) phenisci (Nematoda, Syngamidae). Rev Biol Mar Oceanogr 50:353\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0718-19572015000300013","journal-title":"Rev Biol Mar Oceanogr"},{"key":"8658_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pennycott T (2016a) Seabirds. Images of helminths (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and thorny-headed worms) and pentastomid \u2018tongue-worms\u2019., 1994\u20132013 [image]. University of Edinburgh. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7488\/ds\/1566","DOI":"10.7488\/ds\/1566"},{"key":"8658_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pennycott T (2016b) Seabirds. Images of pathology (miscellaneous diseases 1)., 1994\u20132013 [image]. University of Edinburgh. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7488\/ds\/1564","DOI":"10.7488\/ds\/1564"},{"key":"8658_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.21.1.292","volume":"21","author":"G Punta","year":"1993","unstructured":"Punta G, Saravia JRC, Yorio PM (1993) The diet and foraging behaviour of two Patagonian cormorants. Mar Ornithol 21:27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/2074-1235.21.1.292","journal-title":"Mar Ornithol"},{"key":"8658_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1676\/02-119","volume":"115","author":"G Punta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Punta G, Yorio P, Herrera G (2003) Temporal patterns in the diet and food partitioning in Imperial Cormorants (Phalacrocorax atriceps) and Rock Shags (P. magellanicus) breeding at Bah\u00eda Bustamante, Argentina. Wilson Bull 115:307\u2013315","journal-title":"Wilson Bull"},{"key":"8658_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09058","volume":"428","author":"P Quillfeldt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quillfeldt P, Schroff S, Van Noordwijk H, Michalik A, Ludynia K, Masello J (2011) Flexible foraging behaviour of a sexually dimorphic seabird: Large males do not always dive deep. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 428:271\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps09058","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"8658_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2010.18387.x","volume":"120","author":"F Quintana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quintana F, Wilson R, Dell\u2019Arciprete P, Shepard E, Laich AG (2011) Women from Venus, men from Mars: inter-sex foraging differences in the Imperial cormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps a colonial seabird. Oikos 120:350\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2010.18387.x","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"8658_CR62","volume-title":"A guide to the use of otoliths in the study of predators at South Georgia","author":"K Reid","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reid K (1996) A guide to the use of otoliths in the study of predators at South Georgia. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge"},{"key":"8658_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.4.373","volume":"58","author":"CP Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos CP, Borges JN (2020) Current knowledge of small flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America. Korean J Parasitol 58:373\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.4.373","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR64","first-page":"126","volume":"29","author":"MK Semenova","year":"1979","unstructured":"Semenova MK (1979) The role of copepods in the life-cycle of Contracaecum micropapillatum (Ascaridata, Anisakidae). Trudy Gel\u2019mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. (Gel\u2019minty Zhivotnykh i Rastenii) 29:126\u2013129","journal-title":"(Gel\u2019minty Zhivotnykh i Rastenii)"},{"key":"8658_CR65","first-page":"179","volume":"61","author":"MS Sepulveda","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sepulveda MS, Spalding MG, Kinsella JM, Bjork RD, Mclaughlin GS (1994) Helminths of the Roseate Spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja, in Southern Florida. J Helminthol Soc Wash 61:179\u2013189","journal-title":"J Helminthol Soc Wash"},{"key":"8658_CR66","first-page":"136","volume":"63","author":"MS Sepulveda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sepulveda MS, Spalding MG, Kinsella JM, Forrester DJ (1996) Parasitic helminths of the Little Blue Heron, Egretta caerulea, in Southern Florida. J Helminthol Soc Wash 63:136\u2013140","journal-title":"J Helminthol Soc Wash"},{"key":"8658_CR67","first-page":"7","volume":"66","author":"MS Sepulveda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sepulveda MS, Spalding MG, Kinsella JM, Forrester DJ (1999) Parasites of the Great Egret (Ardea albus) in Florida and a review of the Helminths reported for the species. J Helminthol Soc Wash 66:7\u201313","journal-title":"J Helminthol Soc Wash"},{"key":"8658_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1088-z","volume":"103","author":"S Shamsi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shamsi S, Gasser R, Beveridge I, Alizadeh Shabani A (2008) Contracaecum pyripapillatum n. sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) and a description of C. multipapillatum (von Drasche, 1882) from the Australian pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus. Parasitol Res 103:1031\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-008-1088-z","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"8658_CR69","unstructured":"Signorell A (2024) DescTools: Tools for Descriptive Statistics. Version 0.99.54. CRAN"},{"key":"8658_CR70","unstructured":"Thompson K (1989) An assessment of the potential for competition between seabirds and fisheries in the Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands Foundation Project Report"},{"key":"8658_CR71","first-page":"47","volume":"45","author":"P Torres","year":"1990","unstructured":"Torres P, Ru\u00edz E, Rebolledo C, Mira A, Cubillos V, Navarrete N, Gesche W, Montefusco A, Vald\u00e9s L, Alberdi A (1990) Parasitismo en peces y comunidades humanas ribere\u00f1as de los lagos Huillinco y Natri: Isla Grande de Chilo\u00e9: Chile. Bol Chil Parasitol 45:47\u201355","journal-title":"Bol Chil Parasitol"},{"key":"8658_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2023.01.001","volume":"94","author":"J Van Der Grient","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Der Grient J, Morley S, Arkhipkin A, Bates J, Baylis A, Brewin P, Harte M, White JW, Brickle P (2023) The Falkland Islands marine ecosystem: A review of the seasonal dynamics and trophic interactions across the food web. Adv Mar Biol 94:1\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.amb.2023.01.001","journal-title":"Adv Mar Biol"},{"key":"8658_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2377-5","volume":"109","author":"J Violante-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Violante-Gonz\u00e1lez J, Monks S, Gil-Guerrero S, Rojas-Herrera A, Flores-Garza R, Larumbe-Mor\u00e1n E (2011) Parasite communities of the neotropical cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) from two coastal lagoons in Guerrero state, Mexico. Parasitol Res 109:1303\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-011-2377-5","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"8658_CR74","volume-title":"Cat\u00e1logo y claves de otolitos para la identificaci\u00f3n de peces del mar argentino. 1: Peces de importancia econ\u00f3mica","author":"AV Volpedo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Volpedo AV, Echeverr\u00eda DD (2000) Cat\u00e1logo y claves de otolitos para la identificaci\u00f3n de peces del mar argentino. 1: Peces de importancia econ\u00f3mica. Dunken, Buenos Aires"},{"key":"8658_CR75","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"RW Woods","year":"2001","unstructured":"Woods RW (2001) A survey of the number, size and distribution of islands in the Falklands archipelago. Falkl Isl J 7:1\u201325","journal-title":"Falkl Isl J"},{"key":"8658_CR76","volume-title":"Cephalopod beak guide for the Southern Ocean: An update on taxonomy","author":"JC Xavier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xavier JC, Cherel Y (2021) Cephalopod beak guide for the Southern Ocean: An update on taxonomy. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK"},{"key":"8658_CR77","unstructured":"Xavier JC, Cherel Y, Boxshall GA, Brandt A, Coffer T, Forman J, Havermans C, Ja\u017cd\u017cewska AM, Kouwenberg J, Schiaparelli S, Schnabel K, Siegel V, Tarling GA, Thatje S, Ward P, Gutt J, with Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research) (2020) ( Crustacean guide for predator studies in the Southern Ocean. Original edition. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), Cambridge, UK"},{"key":"8658_CR78","volume-title":"Synopsis of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Vols I and II","author":"S Yamaguti","year":"1971","unstructured":"Yamaguti S (1971) Synopsis of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Vols I and II. Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo"},{"key":"8658_CR79","volume-title":"A synoptical review of life histories of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates: With special reference to the morphology of their larval forms","author":"S Yamaguti","year":"1975","unstructured":"Yamaguti S (1975) A synoptical review of life histories of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates: With special reference to the morphology of their larval forms, 1st ed. Yugakusha, Tokyo","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"8658_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1675\/063.033.0108","volume":"33","author":"P Yorio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yorio P, Copello S, Kuba L, Gosztonyi A, Quintana F (2010) Diet of Imperial Cormorants Phalacrocorax atriceps breeding at Central Patagonia, Argentina. Waterbirds 33:70\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1675\/063.033.0108","journal-title":"Waterbirds"},{"key":"8658_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1675\/063.040.0208","volume":"40","author":"P Yorio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yorio P, Ibarra C, Marinao C (2017) Induced regurgitation versus stomach sampling: assessing their value for the characterization of Imperial Cormorant (Phalacrocorax atriceps) diet. Waterbirds 40:162\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1675\/063.040.0208","journal-title":"Waterbirds"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08658-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08658-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08658-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:52:41Z","timestamp":1781639561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08658-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08658-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}