{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T02:24:27Z","timestamp":1786933467564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":91,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020GXNSFAA297216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GXNSFAA297216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Echinococcosis, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Em) and\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Eg), induces distinct patterns of liver fibrosis. Understanding how protoscoleces (PSCs) from these species interact with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is crucial to elucidating the mechanisms of fibrogenesis. In this study, HSC-LX2 cells were co-cultured with Em and Eg PSCs. ELISA was used to quantify collagen-I, \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA), osteopontin (OPN), and TNF-\u03b1 levels, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examined ultrastructural changes. Both\n                    <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    - and\n                    <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -derived PSCs significantly increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, but EmPSCs induced earlier and stronger responses, accompanied by more pronounced structural alterations in HSCs. These findings demonstrate species-specific HSC activation and provide insight into the differential fibrogenic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-026-08681-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:18:11Z","timestamp":1779103091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential activation of hepatic stellate cells by Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Emad","family":"Shamsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Chuanchuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Haining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62015-0","volume":"14","author":"D Aboelsoued","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aboelsoued D, Toaleb NI, Ibrahim S, Ibrahim S (2024) In vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal effect of poly(amidoamine) nanoemulsion against Echinococcus granulosus. Sci Rep 14(1):11957","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05037-1","volume":"14","author":"D Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao D, Shamsan E, Jiang B, Fan H, Zhang Y, Dehwah MAS (2021) Structural changes and expression of hepatic fibrosis-related proteins in coculture of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and human hepatic stellate cells. Parasit Vectors 14(1):593","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"8681_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.02.005","volume":"34","author":"JP Carson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carson JP, Ramm GA, Robinson MW, McManus DP, Gobert GN (2018) Schistosome-Induced Fibrotic Disease: The Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Trends Parasitol 34(6):524\u2013540","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"8681_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30957","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30957","volume":"6","author":"J Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen J, Pan J, Wang J, Song K, Zhu D, Huang C et al (2016) Soluble egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum induce senescence in activated hepatic stellate cells by activation of the STAT3\/p53\/p21 pathway. Sci Rep 6:30957","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"8681_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.11.035","volume":"362","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Y, Ou Y, Dong J, Yang G, Zeng Z, Liu Y et al (2018) Osteopontin promotes collagen I synthesis in hepatic stellate cells by miRNA-129-5p inhibition. Exp Cell Res 362(2):343\u2013348","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"8681_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2036","volume":"9","author":"X Cui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cui X, Zhang X, Yin Q, Meng A, Su S, Jing X et al (2014) F\u2013actin cytoskeleton reorganization is associated with hepatic stellate cell activation. Mol Med Rep 9(5):1641\u20131647","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"8681_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.001","volume":"95","author":"P Deplazes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Alvarez Rojas CA, Torgerson PR, Harandi MF, Romig T et al (2017) Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol 95:315\u2013493","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00936-8","volume":"52","author":"C Hidalgo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hidalgo C, Stoore C, Baquedano MS, Pereira I, Franco C, Hern\u00e1ndez M et al (2021) Response patterns in adventitial layer of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts from naturally infected cattle and sheep. Vet Res 52(1):66","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06314-5","volume":"17","author":"Z Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Z, Liu X, Huang S, Lu F (2024) Galectin-receptor interaction: a key player in liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 17(1):232","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00596-4","volume":"29","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Yang F, Cheng F, Zhu L, Yan Y (2024) Lipotoxic hepatocyte derived LIMA1 enriched small extracellular vesicles promote hepatic stellate cells activation via inhibiting mitophagy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 29(1):82","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"8681_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13191643","volume":"13","author":"H M\u00fcller","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00fcller H, Stra\u00dfmann JK, Baier AS, von B\u00fclow V, Stettler F, Hagen MJ et al (2024) Liver Fibrosis Is Enhanced by a Higher Egg Burden in Younger Mice Infected with S. mansoni. Cells 13:19","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"8681_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu F, Chong S, Qin M, Li S, Wei R, Zhao Y (2019) Mechanism of fibrosis induced by Echinococcus spp. Diseases 7(3):51","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases7030051"},{"key":"8681_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141otowska JM, Sobaniec-\u0141otowska ME, Bobrus-Chociej A, Sobaniec P (2023) The Ultrastructure of hepatic stellate cell-macrophage intercellular crosstalk as a new morphological insight into phenomenon of fibrogenesis in pediatric autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Med 12(3):1024","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031024"},{"key":"8681_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5651","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S344508","volume":"14","author":"F Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian F, Jiang T, Qi X, Zhao Z, Li B, Aibibula M et al (2021) Role of Cytokines on the Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Mice Infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. Infect Drug Resist 14:5651\u20135660","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"8681_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100625","volume":"5","author":"V von B\u00fclow","year":"2023","unstructured":"von B\u00fclow V, Gindner S, Baier A, Hehr L, Buss N, Russ L et al (2023) Metabolic reprogramming of hepatocytes by Schistosoma mansoni eggs. JHEP Rep 5(2):100625","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"8681_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton Dominique A, Zhang W et al (2019) Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. ;32(2): https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00075-18","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00075-18"},{"key":"8681_CR2","unstructured":"WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee (2025) WHO guidelines for the treatment of patients with cystic echinococcosis. Geneva: World Health Organization \u00a9 World Health Organization 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03852-8","volume":"15","author":"I Wilhelmsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilhelmsen I, Combriat T, Dalmao-Fernandez A, Stokowiec J, Wang C, Olsen PA et al (2024) The effects of TGF-\u03b2-induced activation and starvation of vitamin A and palmitic acid on human stem cell-derived hepatic stellate cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 15(1):223","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"8681_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678067","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1678067","volume":"15","author":"M Xuan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xuan M, Zhang P, Guo J, Guan F, Lu S, Liu W (2025) Ivermectin attenuates Schistosoma japonicum-induced liver fibrosis and is associated with downregulation of YAP signaling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 15:1678067","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8681_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1562-x","volume":"9","author":"C Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wang L, Ali T, Li L, Bi X, Wang J et al (2016) Hydatid cyst fluid promotes peri-cystic fibrosis in cystic echinococcosis by suppressing miR-19 expression. Parasit Vectors 9(1):278","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08681-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08681-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08681-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1786930967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08681-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-026-08681-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"101"}}