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Therefore, gastrointestinal parasites were investigated in this host using parasitological, in vitro culture, and molecular approaches. A total of 45 fecal samples were analyzed from animals under human care and from free-ranging or reintroduced individuals in southeastern Brazil. Overall parasite positivity reached 68.9%, varying among sampling sites. Protozoa from the phylum Ciliophora represented the most frequent group, occurring in 60% of samples (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Nematode forms were identified in 31.1% of samples, predominantly as strongylid-type eggs, as well as eggs consistent with\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (4.4%) and members of the family Spiruridae (4.4%). Coccidian oocysts were detected in 20% of samples and were morphometrically compatible with the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In vitro culture enabled the successful isolation of 20 ciliate strains, and PCR amplification targeting the ITS1\u20135.8SrDNA\u2013ITS2 region confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>B. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 24 samples, including isolates obtained directly from feces and in vitro cultures, corresponding to an infection rate of 53.3%. Sequence identity ranged from 98.08% to 100% compared to GenBank references. Phylogenetic analysis grouped all sequences within the\n                    <jats:italic>B. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    clade and identified genetic variants A0 (50%), B0 (37.5%), and B1 (8.3%). Variant A0 predominated and was detected in both\n                    <jats:italic>ex situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations, whereas B0 and B1 showed more restricted distributions. Additionally, amoebae of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected in 17.8% of samples. These findings represent the first molecular confirmation of\n                    <jats:italic>B. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in\n                    <jats:italic>T. terrestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    and reinforce the epidemiological relevance of this host in the circulation of zoonotic protozoa across different ecological contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-026-08707-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:43:52Z","timestamp":1781142232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of Balantioides coli in lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Breno Torres","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Souza Carvalho","family":"Class","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maron","family":"Galliez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elan Cardozo Paes","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Lisboa","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Verdan","family":"Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Regina Reis","family":"Amendoeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alynne","family":"da Silva Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"8707_CR1","unstructured":"Alvarado-Palacios MCR (2018) Presencia de par\u00e1sitos gastrointestinales en la danta centroamericana (Tapirus bairdii) y la relaci\u00f3n de la composici\u00f3n de par\u00e1sitos en sus letrinas con variables ambientales en la regi\u00f3n noroeste de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica"},{"issue":"3","key":"8707_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.15381\/rivep.v24i3.2585","volume":"24","author":"RC Aranda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aranda RC, Serrano-Mart\u00ednez E, Tantale\u00e1n VM, Quispe HM, Casas GV (2013) Identificaci\u00f3n y frecuencia de par\u00e1sitos gastrointestinales en f\u00e9lidos silvestres en cautiverio en el Per\u00fa. Rev Investig Vet Per\u00fa 24(3):360\u2013368","journal-title":"Rev Investig Vet Per\u00fa"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"8707_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.03.030","volume":"210","author":"ADS Barbosa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barbosa ADS, Bastos OM, Uch\u00f4a CMA, Pissinatti A, Ferreira Filho PR, Dib LV, Azevedo EP, Siqueira MPD, Cardozo ML, Amendoeira MRR (2015) Isolation and maintenance of Balantidium coli (Malmsteim, 1857) cultured from fecal samples of pigs and non-human primates. 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