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In New South Wales (NSW), a post-cooking mushy flesh condition has been reported, though its cause remains unconfirmed. This study combined morpho-molecular diagnostics with a citizen-science mushy fish reporting platform to identify associated parasites and to map the spatio-temporal distribution of mushy flesh and infections in NSW.\n                    <jats:italic>Unicapsula seriolae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 38.9% (95% exact CI: 23.1\u201356.5%) of YTK donated by recreational anglers and charter operators (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200936) (2024\u20132025) and confirmed by myxospore morphology and SSU and LSU rDNA sequencing. Most infected fish (71.4%) did not exhibit the phenotype, although mushy individuals were significantly more likely to be infected than non-mushy fish. Infection occurred year-round and across bioregions, whereas the phenotype was restricted to warmer months, yet asymptomatic infections were also present. Collectively, these findings extend the records of\n                    <jats:italic>U. seriolae<\/jats:italic>\n                    -YTK infections on Australia\u2019s east coast beyond the initial reports off QLD and indicate that mushy flesh alone is an unreliable indicator of\n                    <jats:italic>U. seriolae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Infection and sea surface temperature alone were insufficient to drive phenotypic expression, with host\u2013environment\u2013parasite interactions likely modulating its manifestation. Citizen-science data (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200948) revealed widespread, temporally variable phenotypic occurrence and documented socio-economic impacts on anglers and consumers. The parasite\u2019s effects on flesh quality may influence angler and consumer perception and marketability; however, the weak concordance between infection and phenotype indicates that visual assessment alone is likely to underestimate infection, allowing infected fish to enter the supply chain, undetected. Although\n                    <jats:italic>U. seriolae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is not considered a significant zoonotic parasite, in Japan, reports of foodborne illness associated with\n                    <jats:italic>U. seriolae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in other\n                    <jats:italic>Seriola<\/jats:italic>\n                    species suggest these findings warrant consideration from a food safety perspective. The results highlight that\n                    <jats:italic>U. seriolae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is present in YTK from the Manning and Hawkesbury shelf bioregions in NSW, but the expression of mushy flesh is conditional rather than a direct, inevitable consequence of infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-026-08735-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:54:44Z","timestamp":1785192884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Not all infected fish become mushy: phenotypic expression underestimates Unicapsula seriolae infection in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1868-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Tout-Lyon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Whipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shokoofeh","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"8735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.05.003","volume":"43","author":"G Alama-Bermejo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alama-Bermejo G, \u0160\u00edma R, Raga JA, Holzer AS (2013) Understanding myxozoan infection dynamics in the sea: seasonality and transmission of Ceratomyxa puntazzi. 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