{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:13:59Z","timestamp":1776114839579,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,28]],"date-time":"2005-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Genet Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,27]],"date-time":"2005-07-27T07:42:56Z","timestamp":1122450176000},"page":"272-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Lysine is catabolized to 2-aminoadipic acid in Penicillium chrysogenum by an omega-aminotransferase and to saccharopine by a lysine 2-ketoglutarate reductase. Characterization of the omega-aminotransferase"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"E. M. Mart\u00edn de.","family":"Valmaseda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Campoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Naranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Casqueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0793-807","volume":"11","author":"Y Aharonowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aharonowitz Y et\u00a0al (1993) Delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase, the multienzyme integrating the four primary reactions in beta-lactam biosynthesis, as a model peptide synthetase. Biotechnology 11:807\u2013810","journal-title":"Biotechnology"},{"key":"18_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.46.100192.002333","volume":"46","author":"Y Aharonowitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Aharonowitz Y, Cohen G, Mart\u00edn JF (1992) Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic genes: structure, organisation, regulation, and evolution. Annu Rev Microbiol 46:461\u2013495","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)91275-5","volume":"239","author":"AM Albrecht","year":"1964","unstructured":"Albrecht AM, Vogel HJ (1964) Acetylornithine \u03b4-transaminase. Partial purification and repression behavior. J Biol Chem 239:1872\u20131876","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"18_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(00)01688-5","volume":"5","author":"P Arruda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arruda P, Kemper EL, Papes F, Leite A (2000) Regulation of lysine catabolism in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci 5:324\u2013330","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"18_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(98)00551-4","volume":"226","author":"O Ba\u00f1uelos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ba\u00f1uelos O, Casqueiro J, Fierro F, Hijarrubia MJ, Guti\u00e9rrez S, Mart\u00edn JF (1999) Characterization and lysine control of expression of the lys1 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding homocitrate synthase. Gene 226:51\u201359","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"18_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530000359","volume":"54","author":"O Ba\u00f1uelos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ba\u00f1uelos O, Casqueiro J, Guti\u00e9rrez S, Mart\u00edn JF (2000) Overexpression of the lys1 gene in Penicillium chrysogenum: Homocitrate synthase levels, \u03b1-aminoadipic acid pool and penicillin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 54:69\u201377","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/10408418509104427","volume":"12","author":"JK Bhattacharjee","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee JK (1985) \u03b1-Aminoadipate pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine in lower eukaryotes. Crit Rev Microbiol 12:131\u2013151","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050847","volume":"259","author":"J Casqueiro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Casqueiro J, Guti\u00e9rrez S, Ba\u00f1uelos O, Fierro F, Velasco J, Mart\u00edn JF (1998) Characterization of the lys2 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding \u03b1-aminoadipic acid reductase. Mol Gen Genet 259:549\u2013556","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.4.1181-1188.1999","volume":"181","author":"J Casqueiro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Casqueiro J, Guti\u00e9rrez S, Ba\u00f1uelos O, Hijarrubia MJ, Mart\u00edn JF (1999) Gene targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum: Disruption of the lys2 gene leads to penicillin overproduction. J Bacteriol 181:1181\u20131188","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"18_CR10","first-page":"570","volume":"45","author":"YF Chang","year":"1971","unstructured":"Chang YF, Adams E (1971) Induction of separate catabolic pathways for L- and D-lysine in Pseudomonas putida. Biochem Biophys Acta 45:570\u2013576","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Acta"},{"key":"18_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.117.2.753-764.1974","volume":"117","author":"YF Chang","year":"1974","unstructured":"Chang YF, Adams E (1974) D-lysine catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida: interrelations with L-lysine catabolism. J Bacteriol 117:753\u2013764","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"18_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6258","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.19.6258-6264.1991","volume":"173","author":"JJR Coque","year":"1991","unstructured":"Coque JJR, Liras P, L\u00e1iz L, Mart\u00edn JF (1991) A gene encoding lysine 6-aminotransferase, which forms the \u03b2-lactam precursor \u03b1-aminoadipic acid, is located in the cluster of cephamycin biosynthetic genes in Nocardia lactamdurans. J Bacteriol 173:6258\u20136264","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"18_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)46231-4","volume":"265","author":"B D\u00edez","year":"1990","unstructured":"D\u00edez B, Guti\u00e9rrez S, Barredo JL, van Solingen P, van der Voort Lucia HM, Mart\u00edn JF (1990) The cluster of penicillin biosynthetic genes. J Biol Chem 265:16358\u201316365","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530051509","volume":"52","author":"B Diez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Diez B, Mellado E, Rodr\u00edguez M, Bernasconi E, Barredo JL (1999) The NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene from Penicillium chrysogenum and the construction of expression vectors for filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52:196\u2013207","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s002940050440","volume":"35","author":"A Dzikowska","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dzikowska A, Swianiewicz M, Talarczyk A, Wisniewska M, Goras M, Scazzocchio C, Weglenski P (1999) Cloning, characterisation and regulation of the ornithine transaminase (otaA) gene of Aspergillus nidulans. Curr Genet 35:118\u2013126","journal-title":"Curr Genet"},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.60.6.1705-1710.1994","volume":"60","author":"C Esmahan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Esmahan C, \u00c1lvarez E, Montenegro E, Mart\u00edn JF (1994) Catabolism of lysine in Penicillium chrysogenum leads to formation of a-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of penicillin biosynthesis. Appl Enviroment Microbiol 60:1705\u20131710","journal-title":"Appl Enviroment Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)70449-9","volume":"255","author":"N Fangmeier","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fangmeier N, Leistner E (1980) A 15N NMR study on D-lysine metebolism in Neurospora crassa. J Biol Chem 255:10205\u201310209","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.6200","volume":"92","author":"F Fierro","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fierro F, Barredo JL, D\u00edez B, Guti\u00e9rrez S, Fern\u00e1ndez FJ, Mart\u00edn JF (1995) The penicillin gene cluster is amplified in tandem repeats linked by conserved hexanucleotide sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6200\u20136204","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"18_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-99-1-139","volume":"99","author":"JC Fothergill","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fothergill JC, Guest JR (1977) Catabolism of L-lysine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Gen Microbiol 99:139\u2013155","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00407926","volume":"119","author":"GC Friedrich","year":"1978","unstructured":"Friedrich GC, Demain AL (1978) Uptake and metabolism of (-aminoadipate by Penicillium chrysogenum. Arch Microbiol 119:43\u201347","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-002-0995-7","volume":"59","author":"MJ Hijarrubia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hijarrubia MJ, Aparicio JF, Mart\u00edn JF (2002) Nitrate regulation of \u03b1-Aminoadipate reductase formation and lysine inhibition of its activity in Penicillium chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum. Appl Microb Biotechnol 59:270\u2013277","journal-title":"Appl Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"18_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(89)90368-6","volume":"53","author":"C H\u00f6nlinger","year":"1989","unstructured":"H\u00f6nlinger C, Kubicek CP (1989) Regulation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine and isopenicillin N biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum by the alpha-aminoadipate pool size. FEMS Microbiol Lett 53:71\u201375","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"18_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.17.4.679","volume":"17","author":"BA Kern","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kern BA, Hendlin D, Inamine E (1980) L-lysine \u03b5-aminotransferase involved in cephamycin C synthesis in Streptomyces luctamdurans. Antimicrob Agents Chemoter 17:679\u2013685","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemoter"},{"key":"18_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.155.1.417-419.1983","volume":"155","author":"JJ Kinzel","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kinzel JJ, Winston MK, Bhattacharjee JK (1983) Role of L-lysine-\u03b1-ketoglutarate aminotransferase in catabolism of lysine as a nitrogen source for Rhodotorula glutinis. J Bacteriol 155:417\u2013419","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"18_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172726","volume":"35","author":"K Madduri","year":"1991","unstructured":"Madduri K, Shapiro S, DeMarco AC, White RL, Stuttard C, Vining C (1991) Lysine catabolism and \u03b1-Aminoadipate synthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 35:358\u2013363","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"18_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)71252-4","volume":"259","author":"PJ Markovitz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Markovitz PJ, Chuang DT, Cox RP (1984) Familial hyperlysinemias : purification and characterization of the bi-functional aminoadipic acid semialdehyde synthase with lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activities. J Biol Chem 259:11643\u201311646","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"18_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530051249","volume":"50","author":"JF Mart\u00edn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn JF (1998) New aspects of genes and enzymes for \u00df-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50:1\u201315","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"18_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.53.1008","volume":"53","author":"JF Mart\u00edn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn JF (2000) \u03b1-Aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetases in \u00dflactam producing organisms. From Abraham\u2019s discoveries to novel concepts of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. J Antibiot 53:1008\u20131021","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"18_CR28","unstructured":"Naranjo L et\u00a0al (2005)"},{"key":"18_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.24.7165-7172.2001","volume":"183","author":"L Naranjo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naranjo L, Mart\u00edn de Valmaseda E, Ba\u00f1uelos O, L\u00f3pez P, Ria\u00f1o J, Casqueiro J, Mart\u00edn JF (2001) Conversion of pipecolic acid into lysine in Penicillium chrysogenum requires pipecolate oxidase and saccharopine reductase: characterization of the lys7 gene encoding saccharopine reductase. J Bacteriol 183:7165\u20137172","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"18_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s002390010091","volume":"51","author":"H Nishida","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nishida H, Nishiyama M (2000) What is characteristic of fungal lysine synthesis through the \u03b1-Aminoadipate pathway? J Mol Evol 51:299\u2013302","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"18_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1139\/m97-024","volume":"43","author":"J Novak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Novak J, Kopecky J, Vanek Z (1997) Nitrogen source regulates expression of alanine dehydrogenase isoenzymes in Streptomyces avermitilis in a chemically defined medium. Can J Microbiol 43:189\u2013193","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3440555","volume":"344","author":"F Papes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Papes F, Kemper EL, Cord-Neto G, Langone F, Arruda P (1999) Lysine degradation through the saccharopine pathway in mammals: involvement of both bifunctional and monofunctional lysine-degrading enzymes in mouse. Biochem J 344:555\u2013563","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"18_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4753","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.17.4753-4756.1998","volume":"180","author":"FJ Perez-Llarena","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perez-Llarena FJ, Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda A, Enguita FJ, Mart\u00edn JF, Liras P (1998) The pcd gene encoding piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase involved in biosynthesis of \u03b1-aminoadipic acid is located in the cephamycin cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus. J Bacteriol 180:4753\u20134756","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"18_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(88)90460-0","volume":"49","author":"H Schmidt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schmidt H, Bode R, Birnbaum D (1988) A novel enzyme, L-lysine:pyruvate aminotransferase, catalyses the first step of lysine catabolism in Pichia guilliermondii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 49:203\u2013206","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"18_CR35","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Regulation of secondary metabolism in actinoycetes","author":"S Shapiro","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shapiro S (1989) Nitrogen assimilation in actinomycetes and the influence of nitrogen nutrition on actinomycete secondary metabolism. In: Shapiro S (ed) Regulation of secondary metabolism in actinoycetes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 135\u2013211"},{"key":"18_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018505130422","volume":"14","author":"KL Sim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sim KL, Perry D (1997) Analysis of swainsonine and its early metabolic precursors in cultures of Metarhizium anisopliae. Glycoconj J 14:661\u2013668","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"18_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(71)17044-9","volume":"17","author":"K Soda","year":"1971","unstructured":"Soda K, Misono H (1971) L-lysine-a-ketoglutarate aminotransferase. Methods Enzymol 17B:222\u2013228","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"18_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4102","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00851a045","volume":"7","author":"K Soda","year":"1968","unstructured":"Soda K, Misono H, Yamamoto T (1968) L-Lysine:alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase. I. Identification of a product, delta-1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid. Biochemistry 7:4102\u20134109","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"18_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00534a043","volume":"21","author":"K Tanizawa","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tanizawa K, Yoshimura T, Asada Y, Sawada S, Misono H, Soda K (1982) Stereochemistry of proton abstraction catalyzed by lysine and ornithine \u03c9-aminotransferases. Biochemistry 21:1104\u20131108","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"18_CR40","first-page":"11","volume":"120","author":"M Wade","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wade M, Thomson DM, Miflin BJ (1980) Saccharopine: an intermediate of L-lysine biosynthesis and degradation in Pyriculia oryzae. J Gen Microbiol 120: 11\u201320","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"18_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42306-X","volume":"267","author":"K Yonaha","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yonaha K, Nishie M, Aibara S (1992) The primary structure of w-amino acid: pyruvate aminotransferase. J Biol Chem 267:12506\u201312510","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"18_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1039\/a801345d","volume":"17","author":"TM Zabriskie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zabriskie TM, Jackson MD (2000) Lysine biosynthesis and metabolism in fungi. Nat Prod Rep 17:85\u201397","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"key":"18_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.124.3.1363","volume":"124","author":"X Zhu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhu X, Tang G, Galili G (2000) Characterization of the two saccharopine dehydrogenase isozymes of lysine catabolism encoded by the single composite AtLKR\/SDH locus of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 124:1363\u20131371","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Genetics and Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T02:30:47Z","timestamp":1626229847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00438-005-0018-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-4615","1617-4623"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-4615","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-4623","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,28]]}}}