{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:02:30Z","timestamp":1789786950993,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Genet Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-026-02520-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:37:42Z","timestamp":1789785462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Codon optimality predicts mRNA half-life but does not transfer to lncRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"301","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6390-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Tani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2520_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201694699","volume":"35","author":"AA Bazzini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bazzini AA, Del Viso F, Moreno-Mateos MA, Johnstone TG, Vejnar CE, Qin Y et al (2016) Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. EMBO J 35:2087\u20132103","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2520_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02362-y","volume":"21","author":"J Bernett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bernett J, Blumenthal DB, Grimm DG, Haselbeck F, Joeres R, Kalinina OV et al (2024) Guiding questions to avoid data leakage in biological machine learning applications. Nat Methods 21:1444\u20131453","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2520_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89102-1","volume":"20","author":"CY Chen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chen CY, Shyu AB (1995) AU-rich elements: characterization and importance in mRNA degradation. Trends Biochem Sci 20:465\u2013470","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"2520_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1002\/qub2.100","volume":"13","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Pan X, Yang Y (2025) Loc4Lnc: accurate prediction of long noncoding RNA subcellular localization via enhanced RNA sequence representation. Quant Biol 13:e100","journal-title":"Quant Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.131037.111","volume":"22","author":"MB Clark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clark MB, Johnston RL, Inostroza-Ponta M, Fox AH, Fortini E, Moscato P et al (2012) Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA stability. Genome Res 22:885\u2013898","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2520_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.132159.111","volume":"22","author":"T Derrien","year":"2012","unstructured":"Derrien T, Johnson R, Bussotti G, Tanzer A, Djebali S, Tilgner H et al (2012) The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Res 22:1775\u20131789","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2520_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10459-x","volume":"654","author":"EW Deutsch","year":"2026","unstructured":"Deutsch EW, Kok LW, Mudge JM, Valls CF, Jungreis I, Ruiz-Orera J et al (2026) Expanding the human proteome with microproteins and peptideins. Nature 654:813\u2013825","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2520_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228730","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228730","volume":"15","author":"ME Forrest","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forrest ME, Pinkard O, Martin S, Sweet TJ, Hanson G, Coller J (2020) Codon and amino acid content are associated with mRNA stability in mammalian cells. PLoS ONE 15:e0228730","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2520_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D916","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1087","volume":"49","author":"A Frankish","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frankish A, Diekhans M, Jungreis I, Lagarde J, Loveland JE, Mudge JM et al (2021) GENCODE 2021. Nucleic Acids Res 49:D916\u2013D923","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2520_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3813","volume":"15","author":"S Gerstberger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerstberger S, Hafner M, Tuschl T (2014) A census of human RNA-binding proteins. Nat Rev Genet 15:829\u2013845","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2520_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.91","volume":"19","author":"G Hanson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanson G, Coller J (2018) Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19:20\u201330","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4435","volume":"14","author":"VA Herzog","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herzog VA, Reichholf B, Neumann T, Rescheneder P, Bhat P, Burkard TR et al (2017) Thiol-linked alkylation of RNA to assess expression dynamics. Nat Methods 14:1198\u20131204","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2520_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48220","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201948220","volume":"20","author":"F Hia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hia F, Yang SF, Shichino Y, Yoshinaga M, Murakawa Y, Vandenbon A et al (2019) Codon bias confers stability to human mRNAs. EMBO Rep 20:e48220","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"2520_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-080124-012840","volume":"94","author":"N Jaunbocus","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaunbocus N, Ebenki V, Su H, Slavoff SA (2025) Eukaryotic microproteins. Annu Rev Biochem 94:1\u201328","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2520_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W12","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx428","volume":"45","author":"YJ Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang YJ, Yang DC, Kong L, Hou M, Meng YQ, Wei L et al (2017) CPC2: a fast and accurate coding potential calculator based on sequence intrinsic features. Nucleic Acids Res 45:W12\u2013W16","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2520_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2023.100804","volume":"4","author":"S Kapoor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kapoor S, Narayanan A (2023) Leakage and the reproducibility crisis in machine-learning-based science. Patterns 4:100804","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"key":"2520_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011","volume":"172","author":"F Kopp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kopp F, Mendell JT (2018) Functional classification and experimental dissection of long noncoding RNAs. Cell 172:393\u2013407","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7188-6-26","volume":"6","author":"R Lorenz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lorenz R, Bernhart SH, H\u00f6ner Zu Siederdissen C, Tafer H, Flamm C, Stadler PF et al (2011) ViennaRNA Package 2.0. Algorithms Mol Biol 6:26","journal-title":"Algorithms Mol Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02251-5","volume":"22","author":"SG Medina-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Medina-Mu\u00f1oz SG, Kushawah G, Castellano LA, Diez M, DeVore ML, Salazar MJB et al (2021) Crosstalk between codon optimality and cis-regulatory elements dictates mRNA stability. Genome Biol 22:14","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.027","volume":"61","author":"Y Mishima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mishima Y, Tomari Y (2016) Codon usage and 3\u2032 UTR length determine maternal mRNA stability in zebrafish. Mol Cell 61:874\u2013885","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01369-0","volume":"40","author":"JM Mudge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mudge JM, Ruiz-Orera J, Prensner JR, Brunet MA, Calvet F, Jungreis I et al (2022) Standardized annotation of translated open reading frames. Nat Biotechnol 40:994\u2013999","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2520_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.073239.119","volume":"25","author":"A Narula","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narula A, Ellis J, Taliaferro JM, Rissland OS (2019) Coding regions affect mRNA stability in human cells. RNA 25:1751\u20131764","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"2520_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen E, Poli M, Faizi M, Thomas AW, Wornow M, Birch-Sykes C et al (2023) HyenaDNA: long-range genomic sequence modeling at single nucleotide resolution. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS 2023)","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-1872"},{"key":"2520_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2025.169350","volume":"437","author":"M Oh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oh M, Kadam RN, Charania ZS, Somarowthu S (2025) LncRNA SChLAP1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasion via its distinct structural domains and conserved regions. J Mol Biol 437:169350","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR25","first-page":"2825","volume":"12","author":"F Pedregosa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O et al (2011) Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res 12:2825\u20132830","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"2520_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.029","volume":"160","author":"V Presnyak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Presnyak V, Alhusaini N, Chen YH, Martin S, Morris N, Kline N et al (2015) Codon optimality is a major determinant of mRNA stability. Cell 160:1111\u20131124","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.10","volume":"17","author":"JJ Quinn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quinn JJ, Chang HY (2016) Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function. Nat Rev Genet 17:47\u201362","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2520_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.053","volume":"167","author":"A Radhakrishnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan A, Chen YH, Martin S, Alhusaini N, Green R, Coller J (2016) The DEAD-box protein Dhh1p couples mRNA decay and translation by monitoring codon optimality. Cell 167:122\u2013132.e9","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03523","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03523","volume":"3","author":"J Ruiz-Orera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruiz-Orera J, Messeguer X, Subirana JA, Alba MM (2014) Long non-coding RNAs as a source of new peptides. Elife 3:e03523","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2520_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.01.023","volume":"83","author":"CL Sandmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sandmann CL, Schulz JF, Ruiz-Orera J, Kirchner M, Ziehm M, Adami E et al (2023) Evolutionary origins and interactomes of human, young microproteins and small peptides translated from short open reading frames. Mol Cell 83:994\u20131011.e18","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4582","volume":"15","author":"JA Schofield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schofield JA, Duffy EE, Kiefer L, Sullivan MC, Simon MD (2018) TimeLapse-seq: adding a temporal dimension to RNA sequencing through nucleoside recoding. Nat Methods 15:221\u2013225","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2520_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008918","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008918","volume":"17","author":"K Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi K, Liu T, Fu H, Li W, Zheng X (2021) Genome-wide analysis of lncRNA stability in human. PLoS Comput Biol 17:e1008918","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1853","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1853","volume":"15","author":"AK Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh AK (2024) Rules and impacts of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in the degradation of long noncoding RNAs. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 15:e1853","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA"},{"key":"2520_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","volume":"22","author":"L Statello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Statello L, Guo CJ, Chen LL, Huarte M (2021) Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 22:96\u2013118","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2026.195163","volume":"1869","author":"H Tani","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tani H (2026a) Short-lived versus long-lived lncRNAs: RNA stability as a determinant of regulatory function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 1869:195163","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech"},{"key":"2520_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125593","volume":"27","author":"H Tani","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tani H (2026b) RNA-binding protein occupancy composition predicts long noncoding RNA subcellular localization. Int J Mol Sci 27:5593","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2520_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.130559.111","volume":"22","author":"H Tani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tani H, Mizutani R, Salam KA, Tano K, Ijiri K, Wakamatsu A et al (2012) Genome-wide determination of RNA stability reveals hundreds of short-lived noncoding transcripts in mammals. Genome Res 22:947\u2013956","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2520_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2253-6_19","volume":"1262","author":"H Tani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tani H, Imamachi N, Mizutani R, Imamura K, Kwon Y, Miyazaki S et al (2015) Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA turnover. Methods Mol Biol 1262:305\u2013320","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2520_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.10.036","volume":"83","author":"D Torre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torre D, Fstkchyan YS, Ho JSY, Cheon Y, Patel RS, Degrace EJ et al (2023) Nuclear RNA catabolism controls endogenous retroviruses, gene expression asymmetry, and dedifferentiation. Mol Cell 83:4255\u20134271.e9","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.020","volume":"154","author":"I Ulitsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ulitsky I, Bartel DP (2013) lincRNAs: genomics, evolution, and mechanisms. Cell 154:26\u201346","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2520_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2077-3","volume":"583","author":"EL Van Nostrand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Nostrand EL, Freese P, Pratt GA, Wang X, Wei X, Xiao R et al (2020) A large-scale binding and functional map of human RNA-binding proteins. Nature 583:711\u2013719","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2520_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt006","volume":"41","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang L, Park HJ, Dasari S, Wang S, Kocher JP, Li W (2013) CPAT: Coding-Potential Assessment Tool using an alignment-free logistic regression model. Nucleic Acids Res 41:e74","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2520_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12730","volume":"505","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X, Lu Z, Gomez A, Hon GC, Yue Y, Han D et al (2014) N6-methyladenosine-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability. Nature 505:117\u2013120","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2520_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.080458.125","volume":"31","author":"M Wery","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wery M, Szachnowski U, Creux C, Fouilleul Q, Lefrere M, Morillon A (2025) The role of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in restricting long noncoding RNA expression has been conserved in RNAi-capable budding yeast. RNA 31:1886\u20131900","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"2520_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00434-9","volume":"23","author":"S Whalen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Whalen S, Schreiber J, Noble WS, Pollard KS (2022) Navigating the pitfalls of applying machine learning in genomics. Nat Rev Genet 23:169\u2013181","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2520_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45396","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45396","volume":"8","author":"Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q, Medina SG, Kushawah G, DeVore ML, Castellano LA, Hand JM et al (2019) Translation affects mRNA stability in a codon-dependent manner in human cells. Elife 8:e45396","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2520_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1272403","volume":"13","author":"E Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang E, van Nimwegen E, Zavolan M, Rajewsky N, Schroeder M, Magnasco MO et al (2003) Decay rates of human mRNAs: correlation with functional characteristics and sequence attributes. Genome Res 13:1863\u20131872","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2520_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D165","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1046","volume":"49","author":"L Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao L, Wang J, Li Y, Song T, Wu Y, Fang S et al (2021) NONCODEV6: an updated database dedicated to long non-coding RNA annotation in both animals and plants. Nucleic Acids Res 49:D165\u2013D171","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2520_CR49","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Ji Y, Li W, Dutta P, Davuluri RV, Liu H (2024) DNABERT-2: efficient foundation model and benchmark for multi-species genomes. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2024)"}],"container-title":["Molecular Genetics and Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00438-026-02520-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00438-026-02520-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00438-026-02520-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:37:45Z","timestamp":1789785465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00438-026-02520-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00438-026-02520-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-4615","1617-4623"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-4615","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-4623","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study analysed only previously published, publicly available datasets; no new experiments on humans or animals were performed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate \/ Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the author used a large language model (Claude, Anthropic) to assist with code scaffolding, manuscript editing and language refinement. The author reviewed and edited all content and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Use of generative AI","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"196"}}