{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:47:59Z","timestamp":1790768879691,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81771645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["71971447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71971447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research & Developmental Program of China","award":["2018YFC1004900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1004900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02110-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T03:02:14Z","timestamp":1579143734000},"page":"257-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Novel mutations in SPEF2 causing different defects between flagella and cilia bridge: the phenotypic link between MMAF and PCD"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Chaofeng","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchuan","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxiu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8359-4654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue-Qiu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.11.017","volume":"94","author":"M Ben Khelifa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ben Khelifa M, Coutton C, Zouari R, Karaouzene T, Rendu J, Bidart M et al (2014) Mutations in DNAH1, which encodes an inner arm heavy chain dynein, lead to male infertility from multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella. Am J Hum Genet 94:95\u2013104","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-019-0686-1","author":"XM Bustamante-Marin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bustamante-Marin XM, Shapiro A, Sears PR, Charng WL, Conrad DF, Leigh MW et al (2019) Identification of genetic variants in CFAP221 as a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Hum Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s10038-019-0686-1","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0086OC","author":"S Cindric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cindric S, Dougherty GW, Olbrich H, Hjeij R, Loges NT, Amirav I et al (2019) SPEF2- and HYDIN-mutant cilia lack the central pair associated protein SPEF2 aiding PCD diagnostics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0086OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2110_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02792-7","volume":"9","author":"C Coutton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coutton C, Vargas AS, Amiri-Yekta A, Kherraf ZE, Ben Mustapha SF, Le Tanno P et al (2018) Mutations in CFAP43 and CFAP44 cause male infertility and flagellum defects in Trypanosoma and human. Nat Commun 9:686","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2110_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.12.013","volume":"104","author":"C Coutton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coutton C, Martinez G, Kherraf ZE, Amiri-Yekta A, Boguenet M, Saut A et al (2019) Bi-allelic mutations in ARMC2 lead to severe astheno-teratozoospermia due to sperm flagellum malformations in humans and mice. Am J Hum Genet 104:331\u2013340","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep219","volume":"24","author":"S.J. Dyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dyer SJ (2009) International estimates on infertility prevalence and treatment seeking: potential need and demand for medical care. Hum Reprod 24: 2379\u20132380 (author reply 2380\u20133)","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23261","volume":"38","author":"C Edelbusch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edelbusch C, Cindric S, Dougherty GW, Loges NT, Olbrich H, Rivlin J et al (2017) Mutation of serine\/threonine protein kinase 36 (STK36) causes primary ciliary dyskinesia with a central pair defect. Hum Mutat 38:964\u2013969","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"2110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.03.024","volume":"102","author":"MR Fassad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fassad MR, Shoemark A, le Borgne P, Koll F, Patel M, Dixon M et al (2018) C11orf70 Mutations disrupting the intraflagellar transport-dependent assembly of multiple axonemal dyneins cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Hum Genet 102:956\u2013972","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0343","volume":"147","author":"F Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo F, Yang B, Ju ZH, Wang XG, Qi C, Zhang Y et al (2014) Alternative splicing, promoter methylation, and functional SNPs of sperm flagella 2 gene in testis and mature spermatozoa of Holstein bulls. Reproduction 147:241\u2013252","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2110_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-015-0162-5","volume":"16","author":"F Imtiaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imtiaz F, Allam R, Ramzan K, Al-Sayed M (2015) Variation in DNAH1 may contribute to primary ciliary dyskinesia. BMC Med Genet 16:14","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0003-3","volume":"15","author":"C Krausz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krausz C, Riera-Escamilla A (2018) Genetics of male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 15:369\u2013384","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.152108","volume":"144","author":"MS Lehti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehti MS, Zhang FP, Kotaja N, Sironen A (2017) SPEF2 functions in microtubule-mediated transport in elongating spermatids to ensure proper male germ cell differentiation. Development 144:2683\u20132693","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19204-5","volume":"8","author":"MS Lehti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lehti MS, Henriksson H, Rummukainen P, Wang F, Uusitalo-Kylmala L, Kiviranta R et al (2018) Cilia-related protein SPEF2 regulates osteoblast differentiation. Sci Rep 8:859","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2110_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181a53562","volume":"11","author":"MW Leigh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leigh MW, Pittman JE, Carson JL, Ferkol TW, Dell SD, Davis SD et al (2009) Clinical and genetic aspects of primary ciliary dyskinesia\/Kartagener syndrome. Genet Med 11:473\u2013487","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201305-110OC","volume":"10","author":"MW Leigh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leigh MW, Hazucha MJ, Chawla KK, Baker BR, Shapiro AJ, Brown DE et al (2013) Standardizing nasal nitric oxide measurement as a test for primary ciliary dyskinesia. Ann Am Thorac Soc 10:574\u2013581","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0652-1","volume":"33","author":"RW Linck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Linck RW, Chemes H, Albertini DF (2016) The axoneme: the propulsive engine of spermatozoa and cilia and associated ciliopathies leading to infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 33:141\u2013156","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2019-106011","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu C, Lv M, He X, Zhu Y, Amiri-Yekta A, Li W et al (2019a) Homozygous mutations in SPEF2 induce multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella and male infertility. J Med Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmedgenet-2019-106011","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2018-105952","volume":"56","author":"W Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu W, Sha Y, Li Y, Mei L, Lin S, Huang X et al (2019b) Loss-of-function mutations in SPEF2 cause multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). J Med Genet 56:678\u2013684","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028118","author":"TD Loreng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loreng TD, Smith EF (2017) The central apparatus of cilia and eukaryotic flagella. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a028118","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304831","volume":"99","author":"JS Lucas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lucas JS, Burgess A, Mitchison HM, Moya E, Williamson M, Hogg C et al (2014) Diagnosis and management of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Arch Dis Child 99:850\u2013856","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2110_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01090-2016","author":"JS Lucas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lucas JS, Barbato A, Collins SA, Goutaki M, Behan L, Caudri D et al (2017) European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01090-2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.726","volume":"43","author":"AC Merveille","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merveille AC, Davis EE, Becker-Heck A, Legendre M, Amirav I, Bataille G et al (2011) CCDC39 is required for assembly of inner dynein arms and the dynein regulatory complex and for normal ciliary motility in humans and dogs. Nat Genet 43:72\u201378","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00135","volume":"5","author":"V Mirra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirra V, Werner C, Santamaria F (2017) Primary ciliary dyskinesia: an update on clinical aspects, genetics, diagnosis, and future treatment strategies. Front Pediatr 5:135","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.144.2.293","volume":"144","author":"DR Mitchell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mitchell DR, Sale WS (1999) Characterization of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant that disrupts flagellar central pair microtubule-associated structures. J Cell Biol 144:293\u2013304","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.11.1117","volume":"10","author":"J Neesen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neesen J, Kirschner R, Ochs M, Schmiedl A, Habermann B, Mueller C et al (2001) Disruption of an inner arm dynein heavy chain gene results in asthenozoospermia and reduced ciliary beat frequency. Hum Mol Genet 10:1117\u20131128","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-019-0083-9","volume":"29","author":"JF Nsota Mbango","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nsota Mbango JF, Coutton C, Arnoult C, Ray PF, Toure A (2019) Genetic causes of male infertility: snapshot on morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagellum. Basic Clin Androl 29:2","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"key":"2110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.08.016","volume":"91","author":"H Olbrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olbrich H, Schmidts M, Werner C, Onoufriadis A, Loges NT, Raidt J et al (2012) Recessive HYDIN mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia without randomization of left-right body asymmetry. Am J Hum Genet 91:672\u2013684","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.4.3496","volume":"20","author":"LE Ostrowski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ostrowski LE, Andrews K, Potdar P, Matsuura H, Jetten A, Nettesheim P (1999) Cloning and characterization of KPL2, a novel gene induced during ciliogenesis of tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20:675\u2013683","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2110_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E15-08-0578","volume":"26","author":"JT San Agustin","year":"2015","unstructured":"San Agustin JT, Pazour GJ, Witman GB (2015) Intraflagellar transport is essential for mammalian spermiogenesis but is absent in mature sperm. Mol Biol Cell 26:4358\u20134372","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2110_CR30","unstructured":"Sanchez-Alvarez J, Cano-Corres R, Fuentes-Arderiu X (2012) A complement for the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (First Edition, 2010). EJIFCC 23: 103\u2013106"},{"key":"2110_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13602","volume":"96","author":"Y Sha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sha Y, Liu W, Wei X, Zhu X, Luo X, Liang L et al (2019) Biallelic mutations in Sperm flagellum 2 cause human multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) phenotype. Clin Genet 96:385\u2013393","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.091132","volume":"85","author":"A Sironen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sironen A, Kotaja N, Mulhern H, Wyatt TA, Sisson JH, Pavlik JA et al (2011) Loss of SPEF2 function in mice results in spermatogenesis defects and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Biol Reprod 85:690\u2013701","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.130","volume":"21","author":"YQ Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan YQ, Tu C, Meng L, Yuan S, Sjaarda C, Luo A et al (2019) Loss-of-function mutations in TDRD7 lead to a rare novel syndrome combining congenital cataract and nonobstructive azoospermia in humans. Genet Med 21:1209\u20131217","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2110_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21271","volume":"73","author":"ME Teves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teves ME, Nagarkatti-Gude DR, Zhang Z, Strauss JF 3rd (2016) Mammalian axoneme central pair complex proteins: Broader roles revealed by gene knockout phenotypes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 73:3\u201322","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2110_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.025","volume":"153","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F et al (2013) One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR\/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell 153:910\u2013918","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2110_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2019-106031","volume":"56","author":"W Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang W, Tu C, Nie H, Meng L, Li Y, Yuan S et al (2019a) Biallelic mutations in CFAP65 lead to severe asthenoteratospermia due to acrosome hypoplasia and flagellum malformations. J Med Genet 56:750\u2013757","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2110_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_53_19","author":"WL Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang WL, Tu CF, Tan YQ (2019b) Insight on multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella in male infertility: what is new? Asian J Androl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja.aja_53_19","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2110_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01297","volume":"117","author":"H Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang H, Mitchell DR (2004) Cpc1, a Chlamydomonas central pair protein with an adenylate kinase domain. J Cell Sci 117:4179\u20134188","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2110_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13457","volume":"22","author":"W Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao W, Li Z, Ping P, Wang G, Yuan X, Sun F (2018) Outer dense fibers stabilize the axoneme to maintain sperm motility. J Cell Mol Med 22:1755\u20131768","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2110_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201902017","volume":"218","author":"L Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao L, Hou Y, Picariello T, Craige B, Witman GB (2019) Proteome of the central apparatus of a ciliary axoneme. J Cell Biol 218:2051\u20132070","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00439-020-02110-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00439-020-02110-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00439-020-02110-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:08:57Z","timestamp":1610669337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00439-020-02110-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-020-02110-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6717","1432-1203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6717","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}