{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:56:01Z","timestamp":1765284961934,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["GM139776","GM139776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM139776","GM139776"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","award":["DC002842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DC002842"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite advances in the genetic diagnosis of hearing loss, there remains room for improvement. One way to improve the genetic diagnostic rate is the proper assessment of synonymous variants that are often bioinformatically filtered out. We used\n                    <jats:italic>GSDME<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a model to demonstrate the importance of assessing synonymous variants. Variants in the gene\n                    <jats:italic>GSDME<\/jats:italic>\n                    (also known as\n                    <jats:italic>DFNA5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are associated with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. The hearing loss is typically progressive and downsloping. All reported causative variants of\n                    <jats:italic>GSDME<\/jats:italic>\n                    -related hearing loss involve the skipping of exon 8, which results in the expression of a constitutively active, but truncated protein that induces apoptosis of cochlear hair cells. A retrospective search of previously tested patients identified 3 novel pathogenic synonymous\n                    <jats:italic>GSDME<\/jats:italic>\n                    variants. The functional impact of these variants was confirmed in vitro via a minigene splicing assay. We also observed variant-dependent differences in the levels of aberrant splicing, leading us to hypothesize that partial loss of splicing will result in a less severe hearing loss phenotype as compared to complete loss of splicing. Audiometric analysis found an association between complete loss of splicing and greater initial and\/or more quickly progressing hearing loss as compared to partial loss of splicing. Over the course of the study, we also found limited correlation between in silico prediction and in vitro observed effects of a variant on splicing, indicating the need to cautiously apply in silico prediction tools in the context of genetic diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-025-02782-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T06:24:21Z","timestamp":1759127061000},"page":"1127-1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of GSDME results in the identification of the first pathogenic synonymous variants and genotype-phenotype correlations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3123-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8539-0049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Daniel","family":"Walls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3229-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0212-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Odell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0827-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana L.","family":"Kolbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin T. A.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hela","family":"Azaiez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J. H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2782_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2014.2","volume":"16","author":"RL Alford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alford RL, Arnos KS, Fox M et al (2014) American college of medical genetics and genomics guideline for the clinical evaluation and etiologic diagnosis of hearing loss. Genet Med 16:347\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gim.2014.2","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2782_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.08.006","volume":"103","author":"H Azaiez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azaiez H, Booth KT, Ephraim SS et al (2018) Genomic landscape and mutational signatures of Deafness-Associated genes. Am J Hum Genet 103:484\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.08.006","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear Mixed-Effects models using lme4. J Stat Soft 67:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"key":"2782_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000074185","volume":"9","author":"AMLC Bischoff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bischoff AMLC, Luijendijk MWJ, Huygen PLM et al (2004) A novel mutation identified in the DFNA5 gene in a Dutch family: a clinical and genetic evaluation. Audiol Neurootol 9:34\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000074185","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"2782_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23384","volume":"39","author":"KT Booth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Booth KT, Azaiez H, Kahrizi K et al (2018) Exonic mutations and exon skipping: lessons learned from DFNA5. Hum Mutat 39:433\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.23384","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"2782_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113951","volume":"21","author":"KT Booth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Booth KT, Azaiez H, Smith RJH (2020) DFNA5 (GSDME) c.991\u2009\u2013\u200915_991-13delTTC: founder mutation or mutational hotspot? Int J Mol Sci 21:3951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21113951","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2782_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001847","volume":"39","author":"A Boudewyns","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boudewyns A, van den Ende J, Sommen M et al (2018) Role of targeted next generation sequencing in the etiological Work-Up of congenitally deaf children. Otol Neurotol 39:732\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001847","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"2782_CR8","first-page":"220","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010) Identifying infants with hearing loss - United States, 1999\u20132007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59:220\u2013223","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2782_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941212100310","volume":"121","author":"KO de Beeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Beeck KO, Van Laer L, Van Camp G (2012) DFNA5, a gene involved in hearing loss and cancer: a review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 121:197\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348941212100310","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2782_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp215","volume":"37","author":"F-O Desmet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desmet F-O, Hamroun D, Lalande M et al (2009) Human splicing finder: an online bioinformatics tool to predict splicing signals. Nucleic Acids Res 37:e67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkp215","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2782_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.24083","volume":"41","author":"E Dionnet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dionnet E, Defour A, Da Silva N et al (2020) Splicing impact of deep exonic missense variants in CAPN3 explored systematically by minigene functional assay. Hum Mutat 41:1797\u20131810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.24083","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"2782_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.08.007","volume":"292","author":"RW Eppsteiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eppsteiner RW, Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS et al (2012) Prediction of cochlear implant performance by genetic mutation: the spiral ganglion hypothesis. Hear Res 292:51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2012.08.007","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"2782_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01629","volume":"423","author":"M Eriksson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eriksson M, Brown WT, Gordon LB et al (2003) Recurrent de Novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome. Nature 423:293\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01629","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2782_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7312.536","volume":"323","author":"HM Fortnum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fortnum HM, Summerfield AQ, Marshall DH et al (2001) Prevalence of permanent childhood hearing impairment in the united Kingdom and implications for universal neonatal hearing screening: questionnaire based ascertainment study. BMJ 323:536\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.323.7312.536","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2782_CR15","unstructured":"Henningsen A (2024) CensReg: censored regression. Tobit) Models"},{"key":"2782_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-020-00790-w","author":"Y Hirsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirsch Y, Tangshewinsirikul C, Booth KT et al (2021) A synonymous variant in MYO15A enriched in the Ashkenazi Jewish population causes autosomal recessive hearing loss due to abnormal splicing. Eur J Hum Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41431-020-00790-w","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10512-x","volume":"25","author":"A-C Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang A-C, Su J-Y, Hung Y-J et al (2024) SpliceAPP: an interactive web server to predict splicing errors arising from human mutations. BMC Genomics 25:600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-024-10512-x","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2782_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2014.04.006","volume":"30","author":"RC Hunt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hunt RC, Simhadri VL, Iandoli M et al (2014) Exposing synonymous mutations. Trends Genet 30:308\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2014.04.006","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.015","volume":"176","author":"K Jaganathan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaganathan K, Kyriazopoulou Panagiotopoulou S, McRae JF et al (2019) Predicting splicing from primary sequence with deep learning. Cell 176:535\u2013548e24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2782_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815596727","volume":"153","author":"ADL Jayawardena","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jayawardena ADL, Shearer AE, Smith RJH (2015) Sensorineural hearing loss: A changing paradigm for its evaluation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 153:843\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599815596727","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2782_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13534","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1206","volume":"42","author":"X Jian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jian X, Boerwinkle E, Liu X (2014) In Silico prediction of splice-altering single nucleotide variants in the human genome. Nucleic Acids Res 42:13534\u201313544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gku1206","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2782_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7","volume":"581","author":"KJ Karczewski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karczewski KJ, Francioli LC, Tiao G et al (2020) The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Nature 581:434\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2782_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.840","volume":"7","author":"UK Katneni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Katneni UK, Liss A, Holcomb D et al (2019) Splicing dysregulation contributes to the pathogenicity of several F9 exonic point variants. Mol Genet Genomic Med 7:e840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mgg3.840","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomic Med"},{"key":"2782_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-021-02374-0","volume":"141","author":"H Kremer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kremer H (2022) Novel gene discovery for hearing loss and other routes to increased diagnostic rates. Hum Genet 141:383\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-021-02374-0","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.24491","volume":"43","author":"R Leman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leman R, Parfait B, Vidaud D et al (2022) SPiP: splicing prediction Pipeline, a machine learning tool for massive detection of exonic and intronic variant effects on mRNA splicing. Hum Mutat 43:2308\u20132323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.24491","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"2782_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.506","volume":"171","author":"FR Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin FR, Niparko JK, Ferrucci L (2011) Hearing loss prevalence in the united States. Arch Intern Med 171:1851\u20131852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.506","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2782_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-023-02966-1","volume":"24","author":"BC Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin BC, Katneni U, Jankowska KI et al (2023) In Silico methods for predicting functional synonymous variants. Genome Biol 24:126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-023-02966-1","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2782_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2309","volume":"111","author":"JH McDermott","year":"2022","unstructured":"McDermott JH, Wolf J, Hoshitsuki K et al (2022) Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for the use of aminoglycosides based on MT-RNR1 genotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther 111:366\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.2309","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2782_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0974-4","volume":"17","author":"W McLaren","year":"2016","unstructured":"McLaren W, Gil L, Hunt SE et al (2016) The ensembl variant effect predictor. Genome Biol 17:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-016-0974-4","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2782_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075793","volume":"8","author":"M Miyagawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miyagawa M, Nishio S, Ikeda T et al (2013) Massively parallel DNA sequencing successfully identifies new causative mutations in deafness genes in patients with cochlear implantation and EAS. PLoS ONE 8:e75793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0075793","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2782_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00366","volume":"9","author":"A Moles-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moles-Fern\u00e1ndez A, Duran-Lozano L, Montalban G et al (2018) Computational tools for splicing defect prediction in Breast\/Ovarian cancer genes: how efficient are they at predicting RNA alterations? Front Genet 9:366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2018.00366","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050700","volume":"354","author":"CC Morton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morton CC, Nance WE (2006) Newborn hearing screening\u2013a silent revolution. N Engl J Med 354:2151\u20132164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra050700","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2782_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1276303","volume":"137","author":"S-Y Nishio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nishio S-Y, Usami S-I (2017) Outcomes of cochlear implantation for the patients with specific genetic etiologies: a systematic literature review. Acta Otolaryngol 137:730\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016489.2016.1276303","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2782_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23630","volume":"39","author":"AM Oza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oza AM, DiStefano MT, Hemphill SE et al (2018) Expert specification of the ACMG\/AMP variant interpretation guidelines for genetic hearing loss. Hum Mutat 39:1593\u20131613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.23630","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"2782_CR35","volume-title":"R: A Language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team (2023) R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria"},{"key":"2782_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012989107","volume":"107","author":"AE Shearer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shearer AE, DeLuca AP, Hildebrand MS et al (2010) Comprehensive genetic testing for hereditary hearing loss using massively parallel sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:21104\u201321109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1012989107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2782_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000410","volume":"28","author":"CM Sloan-Heggen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sloan-Heggen CM, Smith RJH (2016) Navigating genetic diagnostics in patients with hearing loss. Curr Opin Pediatr 28:705\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000410","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"2782_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-016-1648-8","volume":"135","author":"CM Sloan-Heggen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sloan-Heggen CM, Bierer AO, Shearer AE et al (2016) Comprehensive genetic testing in the clinical evaluation of 1119 patients with hearing loss. Hum Genet 135:441\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-016-1648-8","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005756","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005756","volume":"12","author":"O Soukarieh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soukarieh O, Gaildrat P, Hamieh M et al (2016) Exonic splicing mutations are more prevalent than currently estimated and can be predicted by using in Silico tools. PLoS Genet 12:e1005756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005756","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.02.012","author":"PJ Sullivan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sullivan PJ, Quinn JMW, Ajuyah P et al (2025) Data-driven insights to inform splice-altering variant assessment. Am J Hum Genet S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.02.012. 0002-9297(25)00059-X","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet S"},{"key":"2782_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-021-02424-7","volume":"141","author":"RK Thorpe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thorpe RK, Walls WD, Corrigan R et al (2022) AudioGene: refining the natural history of KCNQ4, GSDME, WFS1, and COCH-associated hearing loss. Hum Genet 141:877\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-021-02424-7","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04759-y","volume":"23","author":"MD Vigeland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vigeland MD (2022) QuickPed: an online tool for drawing pedigrees and analysing relatedness. BMC Bioinformatics 23:220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-022-04759-y","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2782_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10070","volume":"9","author":"B Vohr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vohr B (2003) Overview: infants and children with hearing loss-part I. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9:62\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrdd.10070","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"2782_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.06.002","volume":"110","author":"LC Walker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walker LC, Hoya M, de la, Wiggins GAR et al (2023) Using the ACMG\/AMP framework to capture evidence related to predicted and observed impact on splicing: recommendations from the ClinGen SVI splicing subgroup. Am J Hum Genet 110:1046\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.06.002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02174-y","volume":"139","author":"WD Walls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walls WD, Moteki H, Thomas TR et al (2020) A comparative analysis of genetic hearing loss phenotypes in European\/American and Japanese populations. Hum Genet 139:1315\u20131323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-020-02174-y","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbad284","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad284","volume":"24","author":"R Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang R, Helbig I, Edmondson AC et al (2023) Splicing defects in rare diseases: transcriptomics and machine learning strategies towards genetic diagnosis. Brief Bioinform 24:bbad284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbad284","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2782_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.06.009","volume":"110","author":"MH Wojcik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wojcik MH, Reuter CM, Marwaha S et al (2023) Beyond the exome: what\u2019s next in diagnostic testing for Mendelian conditions. Am J Hum Genet 110:1229\u20131248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.06.009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-024-02694-x","volume":"143","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Chen L, Xu K et al (2024) Gain-of-function variants in GSDME cause pyroptosis and apoptosis associated with post-lingual hearing loss. Hum Genet 143:979\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-024-02694-x","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2782_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/1066527041410418","volume":"11","author":"G Yeo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yeo G, Burge CB (2004) Maximum entropy modeling of short sequence motifs with applications to RNA splicing signals. J Comput Biol 11:377\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/1066527041410418","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"}],"container-title":["Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00439-025-02782-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00439-025-02782-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00439-025-02782-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:51:18Z","timestamp":1765284678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00439-025-02782-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-025-02782-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6717","1432-1203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0340-6717"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"RJHS directs the Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, which provides comprehensive genetic testing for the clinical evaluation of hearing loss.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University of Iowa on March 6, 2025 (IRB-01 # 201602772 and 199701065). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}