{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T19:19:53Z","timestamp":1787685593173,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-026-02864-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1787641758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic characterization of historical Jinlingnan individuals: insights into genetic continuity and trans-Eurasian signals in eastern China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinguo","family":"Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zishuai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kongyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yetao","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huangzhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03350-3","volume":"25","author":"ET Alacamli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alacamli ET, Naidoo T, Guler MN, Saglican E, Akturk S, Mapelli I, Vural KB, Somel M, Malmstrom H, Gunther T (2024) READv2: advanced and user-friendly detection of biological relatedness in archaeogenomics. Genome Biol 25:216","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","volume":"19","author":"DH Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander DH, Novembre J, Lange K (2009) Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res 19:1655\u20131664","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2864_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, E., Yu, Y., Yang, X., Xu, Y., Du, P., Xiong, J., Chen, D., Tian, X., Wu, Y., Qin, X., Sheng, P., Wang, C.-C., & Wen, S. (2022). Multidisciplinary lines of evidence reveal East\/Northeast Asian origins of agriculturalist\/pastoralist residents at a Han dynasty military outpost in ancient Xinjiang. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Volume 10 - 2022.","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2022.932004"},{"key":"2864_CR4","unstructured":"Chen, L. (1999) Zhongguo minzushi gangyao (The compendium of Chinese nationality histories)."},{"key":"2864_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chintalapati, M., Patterson, N., & Moorjani, P. (2022). The spatiotemporal patterns of major human admixture events during the European Holocene. Elife, 11.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77625"},{"key":"2864_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabh2419","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh2419","volume":"7","author":"NP Cooke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cooke NP, Mattiangeli V, Cassidy LM, Okazaki K, Stokes CA, Onbe S, Hatakeyama S, Machida K, Kasai K, Tomioka N, Matsumoto A, Ito M, Kojima Y, Bradley DG, Gakuhari T, Nakagome S (2021) Ancient genomics reveals tripartite origins of Japanese populations. Sci Adv 7:eabh2419","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2864_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.119.400833","volume":"10","author":"A de Flamingh","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Flamingh A, Coutu A, Roca AL, Malhi RS (2020) Accurate sex identification of ancient elephant and other animal remains using low-coverage DNA shotgun sequencing data. G3 (Bethesda) 10:1427\u20131432","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"2864_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.07.063","volume":"34","author":"P Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du P, Zhu K, Wang M, Sun Z, Tan J, Sun B, Sun B, Wang P, He G, Xiong J, Huang Z, Meng H, Sun C, Xie S, Wang B, Ge D, Ma Y, Sheng P, Ren X, Tao Y, Wen S (2024) Genomic dynamics of the lower yellow river valley since the early neolithic. Curr Biol 34:3996-4006 e11","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2864_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115262","volume":"44","author":"H Fang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fang H, Liang F, Ma H, Wang R, He H, Qiu L, Tao L, Zhu K, Wu W, Ma L, Zhang H, Chen S, Zhu C, Chen H, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Wang CC (2025) Dynamic history of the Central Plain and Haidai region inferred from Late Neolithic to Iron Age ancient human genomes. Cell Rep 44(2):115262","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2864_CR10","unstructured":"Frachetti, M. (2013). Bronze age pastoralism and differentiated landscapes along the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor. Connections and Complexity: New Approaches to the Archaeology of South Asia, 279\u2013298."},{"key":"2864_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.02.044","volume":"23","author":"Q Fu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fu Q, Mittnik A, Johnson PLF, Bos K, Lari M, Bollongino R, Sun C, Giemsch L, Schmitz R, Burger J, Ronchitelli AM, Martini F, Cremonesi RG, Svoboda J, Bauer P, Caramelli D, Castellano S, Reich D, Paabo S, Krause J (2013) A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr Biol 23:553\u2013559","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr347","volume":"27","author":"A Ginolhac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ginolhac A, Rasmussen M, Gilbert MTP, Willerslev E, Orlando L (2011) MapDamage: testing for damage patterns in ancient DNA sequences. Bioinformatics 27:2153\u20132155","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2864_CR13","unstructured":"Gladney, D. C. (1998) Ethnic identity in China: the making of a Muslim minority nationality."},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02343-3","volume":"23","author":"H He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He H, Kong X, Tao L, Zhu L, Wang X, Xu M, Chen Y, Zhu K, Xu Y, Chen H, Ma H, Wang R, Yang X, Bai T, Guo J, Yang Y, Jia X, Wang CC (2025) Genetic stability in the lower Yangtze River basin from Song to Qing dynasty. BMC Biol 23(1):270","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa729","volume":"37","author":"A Jagadeesan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jagadeesan A, Ebenesersdottir SS, Guethmundsdottir VB, Thordardottir EL, Moore KHS, Helgason A (2021) HaploGrouper: a generalized approach to haplogroup classification. Bioinformatics 37:570\u2013572","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2864_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.015","volume":"183","author":"C Jeong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeong C, Wang K, Wilkin S, Taylor WTT, Miller BK, Bemmann JH, Stahl R, Chiovelli C, Knolle F, Ulziibayar S, Khatanbaatar D, Erdenebaatar D, Erdenebat U, Ochir A, Ankhsanaa G, Vanchigdash C, Ochir B, Munkhbayar C, Tumen D, Kovalev A, Kradin N, Bazarov BA, Miyagashev DA, Konovalov PB, Zhambaltarova E, Miller AV, Haak W, Schiffels S, Krause J, Boivin N, Erdene M, Hendy J, Warinner C (2020) A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia\u2019s Eastern Steppe. Cell 183:890-904.e29","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02377-7","volume":"23","author":"Z Ji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ji Z, Chen K, Zheng J, Qin C, Cui S, Shen Q, Ma H, Wang B, Mao X, Liu Y, Zhou H, Zou X, Wang X, Tang J, Ma T, Wan W, Zhu K, Tao L, He H, Wang R, Wang CC (2025) Genomic formation of lower yellow river populations in the Han dynasty. BMC Biol 23(1):260","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.176552.114","volume":"25","author":"G Jun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jun G, Wing MK, Abecasis GR, Kang HM (2015) An efficient and scalable analysis framework for variant extraction and refinement from population-scale DNA sequence data. Genome Res 25:918\u2013925","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2864_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.03.008","volume":"194","author":"M Knapp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knapp M, Clarke A, Horsburgh K, Matisoo-Smith L (2011) Setting the stage - building and working in an ancient DNA laboratory. Ann Anat 194:3\u20136","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2864_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.03.008","volume":"194","author":"M Knapp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knapp M, Clarke AC, Horsburgh KA, Matisoo-Smith EA (2012) Setting the stage - building and working in an ancient DNA laboratory. Ann Anat 194:3\u20136","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2864_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0356-4","volume":"15","author":"TS Korneliussen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korneliussen TS, Albrechtsen A, Nielsen R (2014) ANGSD: analysis of next generation sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics 15:356","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2864_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk1534","volume":"376","author":"V Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar V, Wang W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ruan Q, Yu J, Wu X, Hu X, Wu X, Guo W, Wang B, Niyazi A, Lv E, Tang Z, Cao P, Liu F, Dai Q, Yang R, Feng X, Ping W, Zhang L, Zhang M, Hou W, Liu Y, Bennett EA, Fu Q (2022) Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history. Science 376:62\u201369","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2864_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp698","volume":"26","author":"H Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li H, Durbin R (2010) Fast and accurate long-read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 26:589\u2013595","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2864_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R, Genome Project Data Processing (2009) The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25:2078\u20132079","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"21","key":"2864_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.09.002","volume":"69","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Wang R, Ma H, Tu Z, Qiu L, Chen H, Jiang L, Geng Y, Liu H, Wang J, Shen Q, Jin L, Li C, Wang CC, Wei X (2024) Ancient genomic time transect unravels the population dynamics of Neolithic middle Yellow River farmers. Sci Bull 69(21):3365\u20133370","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02195-x","volume":"23","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Wang B, Yang X, Yang X, He H, Wang R, Wang CC (2025) Ancient genomes shed light on the genetic history of the Iron Age to historical central Xinjiang, northwest China. BMC Biol 23(1):93","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.12677\/OJHS.2023.114043","volume":"11","author":"C Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu C (2023) New exploration on Sogdians and Sinicization in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties\u2014traces in traditional historical materials. Open Journal of Historical Studies 11:293\u2013297","journal-title":"Open Journal of Historical Studies"},{"key":"2864_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"B Llamas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Llamas B, Valverde G, Fehren-Schmitz L, Weyrich LS, Cooper A, Haak W (2017) From the field to the laboratory: controlling DNA contamination in human ancient DNA research in the high-throughput sequencing era. STAR Sci Technol Archaeol Res 3:1\u201314","journal-title":"STAR Sci Technol Archaeol Res"},{"key":"2864_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.147330","volume":"193","author":"PR Loh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loh PR, Lipson M, Patterson N, Moorjani P, Pickrell JK, Reich D, Berger B (2013) Inferring admixture histories of human populations using linkage disequilibrium. Genetics 193:1233\u20131254","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2864_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-024-02068-9","volume":"22","author":"M Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv M, Ma H, Wang R, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zeng Y, Qin Z, Zhai H, Lou Y, Lin Y, Tao L, He H, Yang X, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Wang CC (2024) Ancient genomes from the Tang Dynasty capital reveal the genetic legacy of trans-Eurasian communication at the eastern end of Silk Road. BMC Biol 22:267","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.07.024","volume":"70","author":"H Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma H, Zhou Y, Wang R, Yan F, Chen H, Qiu L, Zhao J, Jin L, Wang CC (2025) Ancient genomes shed light on the long-term genetic stability in the Central Plain of China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 70:333\u2013337","journal-title":"Sci Bull (Beijing)"},{"key":"2864_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03031-7","volume":"11","author":"S Mallick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mallick S, Micco A, Mah M, Ringbauer H, Lazaridis I, Olalde I, Patterson N, Reich D (2024) The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes. Sci Data 11:182","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"2864_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163019","volume":"11","author":"A Mittnik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mittnik A, Wang CC, Svoboda J, Krause J (2016) A Molecular Approach to the Sexing of the Triple Burial at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Dolni Vestonice. PLoS ONE 11:e0163019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2864_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16557-2","volume":"11","author":"C Ning","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ning C, Li T, Wang K, Zhang F, Li T, Wu X, Gao S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Hudson MJ, Dong G, Wu S, Fang Y, Liu C, Feng C, Li W, Han T, Li R, Wei J, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Wang CC, Fan S, Xiong Z, Sun Z, Ye M, Sun L, Wu X, Liang F, Cao Y, Wei X, Zhu H, Zhou H, Krause J, Robbeets M, Jeong C, Cui Y (2020) Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration. Nat Commun 11:2700","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2864_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4956","DOI":"10.17762\/pae.v58i1.1716","volume":"58","author":"V Nodirabegim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nodirabegim V (2021) Sogdians in China: a phenomenon in history and culture in medieval China. Psychol Educ J 58:4956\u20134965","journal-title":"Psychol Educ J"},{"key":"2864_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.145037","volume":"192","author":"N Patterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patterson N, Moorjani P, Luo Y, Mallick S, Rohland N, Zhan Y, Genschoreck T, Webster T, Reich D (2012) Ancient admixture in human history. Genetics 192:1065\u20131093","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2864_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0918-z","volume":"17","author":"A Peltzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peltzer A, Jager G, Herbig A, Seitz A, Kniep C, Krause J, Nieselt K (2016) EAGER: efficient ancient genome reconstruction. Genome Biol 17:60","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PI, Daly MJ, Sham PC (2007) PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 81:559\u2013575","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-026-02541-7","volume":"24","author":"L Qiu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Qiu L, Chen H, Chen H, Qin C, Xu M, Jiang Y, Ma H, Shen Q, Peng Y, Mao X, Liu Y, Wang B, Ji Z, Zhu K, Xu Y, Tao L, He H, Zhou H, Zou X, Wang X, Wang CC (2026) Reconstructing the genetic formation of Han Chinese from ancient genomes. BMC Biol 24(1):68","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy080","volume":"35","author":"A Ralf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ralf A, Gonzalez DM, Zhong K, Kayser M (2018) Yleaf: software for human Y-chromosomal haplogroup inference from next-generation sequencing data. Mol Biol Evol 35:1820","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2864_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200057878","volume":"55","author":"CB Ramsey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramsey CB, Lee S (2013) Recent and planned developments of the program OxCal. Radiocarbon 55:720\u2013730","journal-title":"Radiocarbon"},{"key":"2864_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0776-0","volume":"16","author":"G Renaud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Renaud G, Slon V, Duggan AT, Kelso J (2015) Schmutzi: estimation of contamination and endogenous mitochondrial consensus calling for ancient DNA. Genome Biol 16:224","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25289-w","volume":"12","author":"H Ringbauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ringbauer H, Novembre J, Steinrucken M (2021) Parental relatedness through time revealed by runs of homozygosity in ancient DNA. Nat Commun 12:5425","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2864_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04108-8","volume":"599","author":"M Robbeets","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robbeets M, Bouckaert R, Conte M, Savelyev A, Li T, An DI, Shinoda KI, Cui Y, Kawashima T, Kim G, Uchiyama J, Dolinska J, Oskolskaya S, Yamano KY, Seguchi N, Tomita H, Takamiya H, Kanzawa-Kiriyama H, Oota H, Ishida H, Kimura R, Sato T, Kim JH, Deng B, Bjorn R, Rhee S, Ahn KD, Gruntov I, Mazo O, Bentley JR, Fernandes R, Roberts P, Bausch IR, Gilaizeau L, Yoneda M, Kugai M, Bianco RA, Zhang F, Himmel M, Hudson MJ, Ning C (2021) Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages. Nature 599:616\u2013621","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2864_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/jole\/lzz010","volume":"5","author":"A Savelyev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Savelyev A, Robbeets M (2020) Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family. J Lang Evol 5:39\u201353","journal-title":"J Lang Evol"},{"key":"2864_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1900-2","volume":"9","author":"M Schubert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schubert M, Lindgreen S, Orlando L (2016) AdapterRemoval v2: rapid adapter trimming, identification, and read merging. BMC Res Notes 9:88","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2864_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2024.07.008","volume":"52","author":"Q Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen Q, Wu Z, Zan X, Yang X, Guo J, Ji Z, Wang B, Liu Y, Mao X, Wang X, Zou X, Zhou H, Peng Y, Ma H, He H, Bai T, Xu M, Wen S, Jin L, Zhang Q, Wang CC (2025) Ancient genomes illuminate the demographic history of Shandong over the past two millennia. J Genet Genomics 52:494\u2013501","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02286-9","volume":"23","author":"L Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun L, Ma H, Wang R, Wu Z, Qiu L, Chen H, Wang CC (2025) The demic expansion of Yangshao culture inferred from ancient human genomes. BMC Biol 23(1):186","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msaf316","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf316","volume":"43","author":"J Tang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tang J, Wang R, Wei Q, He H, Deng C, Tao L, Mao X, Ma H, Wang X, Zou X, Yang X, Zhang Q, Wu Q, Guo Y, Wang CC (2026) Social Stratification Without Genetic Differentiation at the Xisima Site in the Late Shang Dynasty. Mol Biol Evol 43(1):msaf316","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2864_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.055","volume":"33","author":"L Tao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao L, Yuan H, Zhu K, Liu X, Guo J, Min R, He H, Cao D, Yang X, Zhou Z, Wang R, Zhao D, Ma H, Chen J, Zhao J, Li Y, He Y, Suo D, Zhang R, Li S, Wang CC (2023) Ancient genomes reveal millet farming-related demic diffusion from the Yellow River into southwest China. Curr Biol: CB 33(22):4995-5002.e7","journal-title":"Curr Biol: CB"},{"issue":"2","key":"2864_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msag34","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msag034","volume":"43","author":"L Tao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tao L, Xie Y, He H, Bai T, Guo J, Zhu K, Wang B, Xie G, Lin Q, Wang CC (2026) Genetic formation and regional disparities of Kra-Dai and Hmong-Mien speakers inferred from ancient genomes of cave burial populations in southwest China. Mol Biol Evol 43(2):msag34","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2864_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.1998.0385","volume":"26","author":"GJ van Klinken","year":"1999","unstructured":"van Klinken GJ (1999) Bone collagen quality indicators for palaeodietary and radiocarbon measurements. J Archaeol Sci 26:687\u2013695","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02299-4","volume":"23","author":"W Wan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wan W, Huang H, Hu C, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Yang M, Guo J, Xie M, Zhu K, Yang X, Ma H, Wang R, Zhao J, Tao L, He H, Zhang Q, Jin L, Zhou B, Huang J, Wang CC (2025) Ancient genomes in Southwest China revealed genetic interactions among diverse populations in the historical period. BMC Biol 23(1):174","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2864_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03336-2","volume":"591","author":"CC Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang CC, Yeh HY, Popov AN, Zhang HQ, Matsumura H, Sirak K, Cheronet O, Kovalev A, Rohland N, Kim AM, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Tumen D, Zhao J, Liu YC, Liu JY, Mah M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Candilio F, Carlson KSD, Culleton BJ, Eccles L, Freilich S, Keating D, Lawson AM, Mandl K, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, \u00d6zdo\u011fan KT, Stewardson K, Wen S, Yan S, Zalzala F, Chuang R, Huang CJ, Looh H, Shiung CC, Nikitin YG, Tabarev AV, Tishkin AA, Lin S, Sun ZY, Wu XM, Yang TL, Hu X, Chen L, Du H, Bayarsaikhan J, Mijiddorj E, Erdenebaatar D, Iderkhangai TO, Myagmar E, Kanzawa-Kiriyama H, Nishino M, Shinoda KI, Shubina OA, Guo J, Cai W, Deng Q, Kang L, Li D, Li D, Lin R, Nini Shrestha R, Wang LX, Wei L, Xie G, Yao H, Zhang M, He G, Yang X, Hu R, Robbeets M, Schiffels S, Kennett DJ, Jin L, Li H, Krause J, Pinhasi R, Reich D (2021a) Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia. Nature 591:413\u2013419","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2864_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.018","volume":"184","author":"T Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang T, Wang W, Xie G, Li Z, Fan X, Yang Q, Wu X, Cao P, Liu Y, Yang R, Liu F, Dai Q, Feng X, Wu X, Qin L, Li F, Ping W, Zhang L, Zhang M, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang D, Zhou Z, Wu Y, Shafiey H, Gao X, Curnoe D, Mao X, Bennett EA, Ji X, Yang MA, Fu Q (2021b) Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago. Cell 184:3829-3841 e21","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2864_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadd5582","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add5582","volume":"9","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Yang MA, Wangdue S, Lu H, Chen H, Li L, Dong G, Tsring T, Yuan H, He W, Ding M, Wu X, Li S, Tashi N, Yang T, Yang F, Tong Y, Chen Z, He Y, Cao P, Dai Q, Liu F, Feng X, Wang T, Yang R, Ping W, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang C, Yuan K, Ko AM, Aldenderfer M, Gao X, Xu S, Fu Q (2023) Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years. Sci Adv 9:eadd5582","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"12","key":"2864_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111405","volume":"27","author":"B Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang B, Hao D, Xu Y, Zhu K, Wang R, Yang X, Shen Q, Xu M, Bai T, Ma H, Zheng J, Wang X, Zou X, Zhou H, Mao X, Tang J, Peng Y, Tao L, He H, Chen H, Wang CC (2024a) Population expansion from central plain to northern coastal China inferred from ancient human genomes. iScience 27(12):111405","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"23","key":"2864_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.08.016","volume":"69","author":"F Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang F, Wang R, Ma H, Zeng W, Zhao Y, Wu H, Tang Z, He H, Fang H, Wang CC (2024b) Neolithization of Dawenkou culture in the lower Yellow River involved the demic diffusion from the Central Plain. Sci Bull 69(23):3677\u20133681","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"key":"2864_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07665-0","volume":"8","author":"R Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang R, Liu W, Wu Y, Ma H, Lv J, He H, Qiu L, Chen H, Zhao Y, Sun B, Wang CC (2025a) East and West admixture in eastern China of Tang Dynasty inferred from ancient human genomes. Commun Biol 8:219","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2864_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf139","volume":"42","author":"R Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang R, Zhu L, Ma H, Song M, Ma G, Wang B, Fu L, Hao J, Fu G, Wang J, Wang Q, Zhu K, Yang X, Xu Y, Tao L, He H, Li S, Jiang J, Zhang W, Wang CC, Cong B (2025b) Genetic formation of Neolithic Hongshan people and demic expansion of Hongshan culture inferred from ancient human genomes. Mol Biol Evol 42(6):msaf139","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2864_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W58","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw233","volume":"44","author":"H Weissensteiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weissensteiner H, Pacher D, Kloss-Brandstatter A, Forer L, Specht G, Bandelt HJ, Kronenberg F, Salas A, Schonherr S (2016) HaploGrep 2: mitochondrial haplogroup classification in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 44:W58-63","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2864_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.12.031","volume":"69","author":"J Xiong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiong J, Wang R, Chen G, Yang Y, Du P, Meng H, Ma M, Allen E, Tao L, Wang H, Jin L, Wang CC, Wen S (2024) Inferring the demographic history of Hexi Corridor over the past two millennia from ancient genomes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 69:606\u2013611","journal-title":"Sci Bull (Beijing)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2864_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2025.100976","volume":"5","author":"J Xiong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiong J, Xu Y, Chen G, Yang L, Zhou Y, Pan Y, Wang Z, Bai J, Zhang B, Dong G, Pei J, Yang X, Chen L, Kang N, Wu Y, Wang B, Zhu K, Du P, Li X, Wen H, Wen S (2025) The genomic history of East Asian Middle Neolithic millet- and rice-agricultural populations. Cell Genomics 5(10):100976","journal-title":"Cell Genomics"},{"key":"2864_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10010","DOI":"10.70322\/natanthropol.2025.10010","volume":"3","author":"Z Xue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xue Z, Sun R, Li C, Cui Y (2025) Genetic history of ancient Xinjiang revealed by ancient DNA study: a hub of Eurasian population migration and cultural exchange. Nat Anthropol 3:10010\u201310010","journal-title":"Nat Anthropol"},{"key":"2864_CR65","volume-title":"Ritual and custom culture of Chinese Muslims","author":"Q Yang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yang Q (1999) Ritual and custom culture of Chinese Muslims. Ningxia People\u2019s Publishing House"},{"key":"2864_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0909","volume":"369","author":"MA Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang MA, Fan X, Sun B, Chen C, Lang J, Ko YC, Tsang CH, Chiu H, Wang T, Bao Q, Wu X, Hajdinjak M, Ko AM, Ding M, Cao P, Yang R, Liu F, Nickel B, Dai Q, Feng X, Zhang L, Sun C, Ning C, Zeng W, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Gao X, Cui Y, Reich D, Stoneking M, Fu Q (2020) Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China. Science 369:282\u2013288","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2864_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msag057","volume":"43","author":"X Yang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yang X, Zou X, Li H, Yang X, Wang B, Ma H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li C, Wang CC (2026) Ancient genomes uncover dynamic cultural and genetic interplay in the eastern Tianshan. Mol Biol Evol 43(3):msag057","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2864_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Li, H., Wang, B., Zhu, K., Haifeng, H., Ji, Z., Wang, B., Zhao, J. & Wang, C. C. (2025). Population dynamics in Iron Age Xinjiang inferred from ancient genomes of the Zhagunluke site. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 17.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12520-025-02186-7"},{"key":"2864_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-021-01767-0","volume":"296","author":"H Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao H, Wang M, Zou X, Li Y, Yang X, Li A, Yeh HY, Wang P, Wang Z, Bai J, Guo J, Chen J, Ding X, Zhang Y, Lin B, Wang CC, He G (2021) New insights into the fine-scale history of western-eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy. Mol Genet Genomics 296:631\u2013651","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"key":"2864_CR70","first-page":"143","volume":"4","author":"L Ying-sheng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ying-sheng L (2003) A brief review of the 800-year development history of Hui language: from Persian to \u201cHui Chinese.\u201d China Culture Research 4:143\u2013153","journal-title":"China Culture Research"},{"key":"2864_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04052-7","volume":"599","author":"F Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang F, Ning C, Scott A, Fu Q, Bjorn R, Li W, Wei D, Wang W, Fan L, Abuduresule I, Hu X, Ruan Q, Niyazi A, Dong G, Cao P, Liu F, Dai Q, Feng X, Yang R, Tang Z, Ma P, Li C, Gao S, Xu Y, Wu S, Wen S, Zhu H, Zhou H, Robbeets M, Kumar V, Krause J, Warinner C, Jeong C, Cui Y (2021) The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies. Nature 599:256\u2013261","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65264-3","volume":"16","author":"H Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou H, Tao L, Zhao Y, He H, Shi H, Yu T, Guo Y, He Y, Liu H, Wu Y, Cao J, Kuang Z, Wu S, Lin F, Yang Y, Xiong L, Liu Y, Zhu K, Xu Y, Huang S, Zhang X (2025) Exploration of hanging coffin customs and the bo people in China through comparative genomics. Nat Commun 16(1):10230","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2864_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msaf335","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf335","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Lin Y, Ma H, Wang R, Zhai H, Qin Z, Zeng Y, Lou Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Bai T, Shen W, Chen T, Yang X, Zheng J, Tao L, He H, Zhu K, Li J, Chen L, Wang CC (2026) Ancient genomes from the Qing Dynasty reveal unbroken genetic continuity in China\u2019s Central Plains. Mol Biol Evol 43(1):msaf335","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2864_CR74","first-page":"72","volume":"361","author":"S Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu S, Ding P, Wang N, Shen C, Jia GB, Zhang G (2015) The compact AMS facility at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 361:72\u201375","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms"},{"issue":"12","key":"2864_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105636","volume":"25","author":"K Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu K, Du P, Li J, Zhang J, Hu X, Meng H, Chen L, Zhou B, Yang X, Xiong J, Allen E, Ren X, Ding Y, Xu Y, Chang X, Yu Y, Han S, Dong G, Wang CC, Wen S (2022) Cultural and demic co-diffusion of Tubo Empire on Tibetan Plateau. iScience 25(12):105636","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2864_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.102985","volume":"5","author":"K Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu K, He H, Tao L, Ma H, Yang X, Wang R, Guo J, Wang CC (2024a) Protocol for a comprehensive pipeline to study ancient human genomes. STAR Protoc 5:102985","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2864_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae387","volume":"11","author":"K Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu K, Hu C, Yang M, Zhang X, Guo J, Xie M, Yang X, Ma H, Wang R, Zhao J, Tao L, He H, Wan W, Zhang Q, Jin L, Zuo Y, Zhou B, Huang J, Wang CC (2024b) The demic diffusion of Han culture into the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau inferred from ancient genomes. Natl Sci Rev 11(12):nwae387","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"}],"container-title":["Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00439-026-02864-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00439-026-02864-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00439-026-02864-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T19:02:59Z","timestamp":1787684579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00439-026-02864-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-026-02864-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6717","1432-1203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6717","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The procedures related to the study of human subjects and the analysis of archaeological remains were reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Xiamen University. All necessary permissions for sampling and analysis were obtained from the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Furthermore, prior to destructive sampling, the research team conducted consultations with local Hui community representatives and obtained their consent to proceed with the study, ensuring that all genomic analyses were conducted in a culturally and ethically responsible manner.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"71"}}