{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:04:33Z","timestamp":1790071473430,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for Promotion of the Science","award":["16K19361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K19361"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for Promotion of the Science","award":["17K11187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K11187"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Tissue Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03088-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T02:03:05Z","timestamp":1566612185000},"page":"373-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Contractile elements and their sympathetic regulations in the pig urinary bladder: a species and regional comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"379","author":[{"given":"Retsu","family":"Mitsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoi","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunta","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumio","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Kajioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Hashitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3088_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1975.tb05859.x","volume":"94","author":"P Alm","year":"1975","unstructured":"Alm P, Elm\u00e9r M (1975) Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the rat urinary bladder. Acta Physiol Scand 94:36\u201345","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"3088_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1734850.425","volume":"21","author":"KE Andersson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andersson KE (2017) On the site and mechanism of action of \u03b23-adrenoceptor agonists in the bladder. Int Neurourol J 21:6\u201311","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"3088_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51986-2","volume":"129","author":"KE Andersson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Andersson KE, Mattiasson A, Sj\u00f6gren C (1983) Electrically induced relaxation of the noradrenaline contracted isolated urethra from rabbit and man. J Urol 129:210\u2013214","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287216675778","volume":"9","author":"KE Andersson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andersson KE, Boedtkjer DB, Forman A (2017) The link between vascular dysfunction, bladder ischemia, and aging bladder dysfunction. Ther Adv Urol 9:11\u201327","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287218781255","volume":"10","author":"KE Andersson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andersson KE, Choudhury N, Cornu JN, Huang M, Korstanje C, Siddiqui E, Van Kerrebroeck P (2018) The efficacy of mirabegron in the treatment of urgency and the potential utility of combination therapy. Ther Adv Urol 10:243\u2013256","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00591-8","volume":"50","author":"AF Brading","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brading AF (1997) A myogenic basis for the overactive bladder. Urology 50:57\u201367","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3088_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.097311","volume":"570","author":"AF Brading","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brading AF (2006) Spontaneous activity of lower urinary tract smooth muscles: correlation between ion channels and tissue function. J Physiol 570:13\u201322","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009708","volume":"220","author":"WC De Groat","year":"1972","unstructured":"De Groat WC, Saum WR (1972) Sympathetic inhibition of the urinary bladder and of pelvic ganglionic transmission in the cat. J Physiol 220:297\u2013314","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011463","volume":"259","author":"WC De Groat","year":"1976","unstructured":"De Groat WC, Theobald RJ (1976) Reflex activation of sympathetic pathways to vesical smooth muscle and parasympathetic ganglia by electrical stimulation of vesical afferents. J Physiol 259:223\u2013237","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR10","first-page":"265","volume":"136","author":"JS Dixon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dixon JS, Gosling JA (1983) Histology and fine structure of the muscularis mucosae of the human urinary bladder. J Anat 136:265\u2013271","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"3088_CR11","first-page":"S13","volume":"37","author":"MJ Drake","year":"2018","unstructured":"Drake MJ, Fry CH, Hashitani H, Kirschner-Hermanns R, Rahnama\u2019i MS, Speich JE, Tomoe H, Kanai AJ, McCloskey KD (2018) What are the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions? ICI-RS 2017. Neurourol Urodyn 37:S13\u2013S19","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"3088_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8802473","volume":"88","author":"MJ Drake","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drake MJ, Harvey IJ, Gillespie JI (2003) Autonomous activity in the isolated guinea pig bladder. Exp Physiol 88:19\u201330","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05455.x","volume":"95","author":"MJ Drake","year":"2005","unstructured":"Drake MJ, Harvey IJ, Gillespie JI, Van Duyl WA (2005) Localized contractions in the normal human bladder and in urinary urgency. BJU Int 95:1002\u20131005","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3088_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2401","volume":"9","author":"CJ Fowler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fowler CJ, Griffiths D, de Groat WC (2008) The neural control of micturition. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:453\u2013466","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3088_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12626","volume":"119","author":"CH Fry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fry CH, Vahabi B (2016) The role of the mucosa in normal and abnormal bladder function. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 119:57\u201362","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"3088_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00327747","volume":"262","author":"G Gabella","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gabella G, Uvelius B (1990) Urinary bladder of rat: fine structure of normal and hypertrophic musculature. Cell Tissue Res 262:67\u201379","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3088_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.096","volume":"19","author":"T Gevaert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gevaert T, Vanstreels E, Daelemans D, Franken J, Van Der Aa F, Roskams T, De Ridder D (2014) Identification of different phenotypes of interstitial cells in the upper and deep lamina propria of the human bladder dome. J Urol 19:1555\u20131563","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3088_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000052314","volume":"36","author":"JA Gosling","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gosling JA, Dixon JS, Jen PY (1999) The distribution of noradrenergic nerves in the human lower urinary tract. A review Eur Urol 36(Suppl 1):23\u201330","journal-title":"A review Eur Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57981-1","volume":"118","author":"JA Gosling","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gosling JA, Dixon JS, Lendon RG (1977) The autonomic innervation of the human male and female bladder neck and proximal urethra. J Urol 118:302\u2013305","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"87","key":"3088_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"TJ Heppner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heppner TJ, Hennig GW, Nelson MT, Vizzard MA (2017) Rhythmic calcium events in the lamina propria network of the urinary bladder of rat pups. Front Syst Neurosci 11(87):1\u201316","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"3088_CR21","first-page":"R351","volume":"301","author":"TJ Heppner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heppner TJ, Layne JJ, Pearson JM, Sarkissian H, Nelson MT (2011) Unique properties of muscularis mucosae smooth muscle in guinea pig urinary bladder. Am J Phys Regul Integr Comp Phys 301:R351\u20133R62","journal-title":"Am J Phys Regul Integr Comp Phys"},{"key":"3088_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201511550","volume":"147","author":"TJ Heppner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heppner TJ, Tykocki NR, Hill-Eubanks D, Nelson MT (2016) Transient contractions of urinary bladder smooth muscle are drivers of afferent nerve activity during filling. J Gen Physiol 147:323\u2013335","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1018","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00183.2007","volume":"293","author":"Y Ikeda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ikeda Y, Fry C, Hayashi F, Stolz D, Griffiths D, Kanai A (2007) Role of gap junctions in spontaneous activity of the rat bladder. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 293:F1018\u2013F1025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1863-0","volume":"468","author":"A Isogai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Isogai A, Lee K, Mitsui R, Hashitani H (2016) Functional coupling of TRPV4 channels and BK channels in regulating spontaneous contractions of the guinea pig urinary bladder. Pflugers Arch 468:1573\u20131585","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"3088_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1987.tb04837.x","volume":"59","author":"P Klarskov","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klarskov P (1987) Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve-mediated relaxation of pig and human detrusor muscle in vitro. Br J Urol 59:414\u2013419","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)52397-6","volume":"129","author":"P Klarskov","year":"1983","unstructured":"Klarskov P, Gerstenberg TC, Ramirez D, Hald T (1983) Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve mediated relaxation of trigone, bladder neck and urethral smooth muscle in vitro. J Urol 129:848\u2013850","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13240","volume":"17","author":"N Kushida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kushida N, Fry CH (2016) On the origin of spontaneous activity in the bladder. BJU Int 17:982\u2013992","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3088_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1978.tb06304.x","volume":"104","author":"JJ Larsen","year":"1978","unstructured":"Larsen JJ, Nordling J, Christensen B (1978) Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder and urethral muscle in the pig. Acta Physiol Scand 104:485\u2013490","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"3088_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.024","volume":"818","author":"K Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee K, Isogai A, Antoh M, Kajioka S, Eto M, Hashitani H (2018) Role of K+ channels in regulating spontaneous activity in the muscularis mucosae of guinea pig bladder. Eur J Pharmacol 818:30\u201337","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3088_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.04.082","volume":"196","author":"K Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee K, Mitsui R, Kajioka S, Naito S, Hashitani H (2016) Role of PTHrP and sensory nerve peptides in regulating contractility of muscularis mucosae and detrusor smooth muscle in the guinea pig bladder. J Urol 196:1287\u20131294","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.139","volume":"181","author":"CJ McCarthy","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCarthy CJ, Zabbarova IV, Brumovsky PR, Roppolo JR, Gebhart GF, Kanai AJ (2009) Spontaneous contractions evoke afferent nerve firing in mouse bladders with detrusor overactivity. J Urol 181:1459\u20131466","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-012-1074-5","volume":"140","author":"R Mitsui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitsui R, Hashitani H (2013) Immunohistochemical characteristics of suburothelial microvasculature in the mouse bladder. Histochem Cell Biol 140:189\u2013200","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"3088_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/aap.12000","volume":"32","author":"C Moro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moro C, Chess-Williams R (2012) Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic, non-purinergic contractions of the urothelium\/lamina propria of the pig bladder. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 32:53\u201359","journal-title":"Auton Autacoid Pharmacol"},{"key":"3088_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.11.020","volume":"674","author":"C Moro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moro C, Leeds C, Chess-Williams R (2012) Contractile activity of the bladder urothelium\/lamina propria and its regulation by nitric oxide. Eur J Pharmacol 674:445\u2013449","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3088_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211.e1-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.09.011","volume":"81","author":"C Moro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moro C, Tajouri L, Chess-Williams R (2013) Adrenoceptor function and expression in bladder urothelium and lamina propria. Urology 81:211.e1-7","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3088_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.08.039","volume":"78","author":"C Moro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moro C, Uchiyama J, Chess-Williams R (2011) Urothelial\/lamina propria spontaneous activity and the role of M3 muscarinic receptors in mediating rate responses to stretch and carbachol. Urology 78:1442.e9\u20131442.15","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3088_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032662","volume":"350","author":"JG Ouslander","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ouslander JG (2004) Management of overactive bladder. N Engl J Med 350:786\u2013799","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3088_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14349.x","volume":"106","author":"K Persson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Persson K, Andersson KE (1992) Nitric oxide and relaxation of pig lower urinary tract. Br J Pharmacol 106:416\u2013422","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3088_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198709000-00002","volume":"11","author":"JY Ro","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ro JY, Ayala AG, El-Naggar A (1987) Muscularis mucosa of urinary bladder. Importance for staging and treatment. Am J Surg Pathol 11:668\u2013673","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3088_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/003655999750042105","volume":"201","author":"AS Robertson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robertson AS (1999) Behaviour of the human bladder during natural filling: the Newcastle experience of ambulatory monitoring and conventional artificial filling cystometry. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 201:19\u201324","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"3088_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.29","volume":"153","author":"P Sadananda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sadananda P, Chess-Williams R, Burcher E (2008) Contractile properties of the pig bladder mucosa in response to neurokinin A: a role for myofibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 153:1465\u20131473","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3088_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2014.01.002","volume":"60","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shimizu Y, Mochizuki S, Mitsui R, Hashitani H (2014) Neurohumoral regulation of spontaneous constrictions in suburothelial venules of the rat urinary bladder. Vasc Pharmacol 60:84\u201394","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"3088_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015386","volume":"354","author":"GNA Sibley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sibley GNA (1984) Comparison of spontaneous and nerve-mediated activity in bladder muscle from man, pig and rabbit. J Physiol 354:431\u2013443","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1988.tb13963.x","volume":"61","author":"MJ Speakman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Speakman MJ, Walmsley D, Brading AF (1988) An in vitro pharmacological study of the human trigone--a site of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission. Br J Urol 61:304\u2013309","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"3088_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F286","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00291.2013","volume":"306","author":"G Sui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sui G, Fry CH, Montgomery B, Roberts M, Wu R, Wu C (2014) Purinergic and muscarinic modulation of ATP release from the urothelium and its paracrine actions. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 306:F286\u2013F298","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"key":"3088_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12373","volume":"213","author":"B Vahabi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vahabi B, Drake MJ (2015) Physiological and pathophysiological implications of micromotion activity in urinary bladder function. Acta Physiol (Oxford) 213:360\u2013370","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxford)"},{"key":"3088_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058611","volume":"8","author":"B Vahabi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vahabi B, Sellers DJ, Bijos DA, Drake MJ (2013) Phasic contractions in urinary bladder from juvenile versus adult pigs. PLoS One 8:e58611","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3088_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(93)90037-U","volume":"44","author":"Y Wakabayashi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wakabayashi Y, Makiura Y, Tomoyoshi T, Kitahama K, Maeda T (1993) Immuno-electron microscopic study of tyrosine hydroxylase in the cat urinary bladder and proximal urethra. J Auton Nerv Syst 44:243\u2013252","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"}],"container-title":["Cell and Tissue Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03088-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03088-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03088-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1650079778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03088-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03088-6","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.736493114.793569373","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0302-766X","1432-0878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-766X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical statements"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The experimental protocols used in the present study were approved by the animal experimentation ethics committee at Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (No. H-28M-07) and the Ethics Committees of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University and Harasanshin Hospital (No. 28-54). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All subjects gave written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}