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We analyzed the ion transport protein sodium\/potassium-ATPase (Na\/K-ATPase) and its isoforms in the human ES using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM). Human vestibular aqueducts were collected during trans-labyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery after obtaining ethical permission. Antibodies against various isoforms of Na\/K-ATPase and additional solute-transporting proteins, believed to be essential for ion and fluid transport, were used for immunohistochemistry. A population of epithelial cells of the human ES strongly expressed Na\/K-ATPase \u03b11, \u03b21, and \u03b23 subunit isoforms in either the lateral\/basolateral or apical plasma membrane domains. The \u03b21 isoform was expressed in the lateral\/basolateral plasma membranes in mostly large cylindrical cells, while \u03b23 and \u03b11 both were expressed with \u201creversed polarity\u201d in the apical cell membrane in lower epithelial cells. The heterogeneous expression of Na\/K-ATPase subunits substantiates earlier notions that the ES is a dynamic structure where epithelial cells show inverted epithelial transport. Dual absorption and secretion processes may regulate and maintain inner ear fluid homeostasis. These findings may shed new light on the etiology of endolymphatic hydrops and MD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03106-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T07:03:11Z","timestamp":1573542191000},"page":"445-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["\u201cReversed polarization\u201d of Na\/K-ATPase\u2014a sign of inverted transport in the human endolymphatic sac: a super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"379","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotta K\u00e4mpfe","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Danckwardt-Lilliestr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Rask-Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.10.107","volume":"364","author":"K Akiyama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akiyama K, Miyashita T, Mori T, Mori N (2007) Expression of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the rat endolymphatic sac. 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Dr. Wei Liu received part salary from the Medel Inc., Innsbruck, Austria.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The study of human discarded materials was approved by the local ethics committee (Etikpr\u00f6vningsn\u00e4mnden Uppsala, no. 99398, 22\/9 1999, cont, 2003, no. C254\/4; no. C45\/7 2007, Dnr. 2013\/190), and informed consent was obtained. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the local research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Sections of archival guinea pig cochlea were also analyzed; the protocol was approved by the Regional Animal Review Board of Uppsala, Sweden (permit number C98\/12 and C66\/16). All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}