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Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate PS- NPs toxic effects on kidney of adult male albino rats. A total of 30 rats divided into three groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910): group I negative control group; group II orally administered 3% PS-NPs (3\u00a0mg\/kg body weight\/day) and group III orally administered 3% PS-NPs (10\u00a0mg\/kg body weight\/day) for 35\u00a0days. Blood and kidney samples collected and processed for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results showed that low and high doses PS-NPs had significantly increased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde, significantly further reduced glutathione, downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 and glutathione peroxidase, upregulation of caspase-3 and Cytochrome-c. Histopathological examination revealed several alterations. Low dose of PS-NPs exhibited dilated glomerular capillaries, hypotrophy of some renal corpuscles significantly decreases their diameter to 62\u00a0\u03bcm. Some proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules showed loss of cellular architecture with pyknotic nuclei. Hyalinization and vacuolation in renal medulla. In high dose PS-NPs, alterations increased in severity. A significant increase in percentage area of cyclooxygenase-2 in low and high-doses. In conclusion, PS-NPs are a nephrotoxic causing renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-022-03581-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T04:36:43Z","timestamp":1643344603000},"page":"149-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Screening for polystyrene nanoparticle toxicity on kidneys of adult male albino rats using histopathological, biochemical, and molecular examination results"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"388","author":[{"given":"Yasmine H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrez E.","family":"El-Naggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"Rashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"M.Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona K.","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-8653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina W.","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3581_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-10-1","volume":"10","author":"MAK Abdelhalim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdelhalim MAK, Jarrar BM (2011) The appearance of renal cells cytoplasmic degeneration and nuclear destruction might be an indication of GNPs toxicity. 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