{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T15:33:03Z","timestamp":1786203183846,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Tissue Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-022-03654-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T07:02:47Z","timestamp":1655967767000},"page":"531-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An ultrastructural study of the deep pineal gland of the Sprague Dawley rat using transmission and serial block face scanning electron microscopy: cell types, barriers, and innervation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"389","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3263-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Midtgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Qvortrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00306872","volume":"127","author":"A Bj\u00f6rklund","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rklund A, Owman Ch, West KA (1972) Peripheral sympathetic innervation and serotonin cells in the habenular region of the rat brain. Z Zellforsch 127:570\u2013579","journal-title":"Z Zellforsch"},{"key":"3654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boeckmann D (1980) Morphological investigation of the deep pineal of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 210:283\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00237616 (PMID: 7407872)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237616"},{"key":"3654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brednow K, Korf HW (1998) Morphological and immunocytochemical features of the pineal organ of C3H and C57BL mice at different stages of postnatal development. Cell Tissue Res 292:521\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004410051081 (PMID: 9582409)","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051081"},{"key":"3654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bucana CD, Nadakavukaren MJ, Frehn JL (1971) Annulate lamellae in hamster pineal gland. Tissue Cell 3:405\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0040-8166(71)80042-3\u00a0(PMID: 18631562)","DOI":"10.1016\/s0040-8166(71)80042-3"},{"key":"3654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dafny N (1983) Evidence that the rat pineal has neuronal connections via the pineal stalk. Exp Neurol 79:858-861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4886(83)90048-1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(83)90048-1"},{"key":"3654_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90187-X","volume":"64","author":"GFX David","year":"1973","unstructured":"David GFX, Herbert J (1973) Experimental evidence for a synaptic connection between habenula and pineal ganglion in the ferret. Brain Res 64:327\u2013343","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3654_CR7","unstructured":"Deerinck TJ, Bushong EA, Thor A, Ellisman MH (2010) NCMIR methods for 3D EM: a new protocol for preparation of biological specimens for serial blockface scanning electron microscopy. Center for Research in Biological Systems and the National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA https:\/\/ncmir.ucsd.edu\/sbem-protocol"},{"key":"3654_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020329","volume":"2","author":"W Denk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Denk W, Horstmann H (2004) Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct three-dimensional tissue nanostructure. PLoS Biol 2:e329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020329","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"3654_CR9","first-page":"359","volume":"3","author":"P Del R\u00edo-Hortega","year":"1922","unstructured":"Del R\u00edo-Hortega P (1922) Constituci\u00f3n histologica de la glandula pineal. Arch Neurol 3:359\u2013389","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/10.3.348","volume":"10","author":"B Falck","year":"1962","unstructured":"Falck B, Hillarp N-\u00c5, Thieme G, Torp A (1962) Fluoresence of catecholamines and related compounds with formaldehyde. J Histochem Cytochem 10:348\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10.3.348","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"3654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215775","volume":"231","author":"C Haldar-Misra","year":"1983","unstructured":"Haldar-Misra C, P\u00e9vet P (1983) Influence of melatonin on the process of protein and\/or peptide secretion in the pineal gland of the rat and hamster. An in vitro study. Cell Tissue Res 231:73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00215775","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315932","volume":"153","author":"M Hewing","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hewing M (1978) A liquor contacting area in the pineal recess of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Anat Embryol (berl) 153:295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00315932","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (berl)"},{"key":"3654_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234759","volume":"209","author":"M Hewing","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hewing M (1980) Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting area in the pineal recess of the vole (Microtus agrestis), guinea pig (Cauia cobaya), and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Cell Tissue Res 209:473\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00234759","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218298","volume":"222","author":"M Hewing","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hewing M (1982) Pinealocytes contacting the cerebrospinal fluid of the suprapineal recess in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Cell Tissue Res 222:177\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00218298","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050750","volume":"287","author":"H Jastrow","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jastrow H, Von Mach M-A, Vollrath L (1997) The shape of synaptic ribbons in the rat pineal gland. Cell Tissue Res 287:255\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004410050750","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19790310","volume":"19","author":"M-T Juillard","year":"1979","unstructured":"Juillard M-T (1979) The proteinaceous content and possible physiological significance of dense-cored vesicles in hamster and mouse pinealocytes. Ann Biol Anim Biochim Biophys 19:413\u2013428","journal-title":"Ann Biol Anim Biochim Biophys"},{"key":"3654_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00338980","volume":"52","author":"JA Kappers","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kappers JA (1960) The development, topographical relations and innervation of the epiphysis cerebri in the albino rat. Zeitschrift ZellforschMikrosk Anat 52:163\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00338980","journal-title":"Zeitschrift ZellforschMikrosk Anat"},{"key":"3654_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070210204","volume":"21","author":"M Karasek","year":"1992","unstructured":"Karasek M (1992) Ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte under natural and experimental conditions: quantitative aspects. Micr Res Tech 21:116\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.1070210204","journal-title":"Micr Res Tech"},{"key":"3654_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0918-7","volume":"38","author":"AS Karlsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karlsen AS, Rath MF, Rohde K, Toft T, M\u00f8ller M (2013) Developmental and diurnal expression of the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (Snap25) in the rat pineal gland. Neurochem Res 38:1219\u20131228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-012-0918-7","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01258002","volume":"1","author":"TS King","year":"1982","unstructured":"King TS, Dougherty WJ (1982) Effect of denervation on \u201csynaptic\u201d ribbon populations in the rat pineal gland. J Neurocytol 1:19\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01258002","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"3654_CR21","unstructured":"Klein DC, Coon SL, Roseboom PH, Weller JL, Bernard M, Gastel JA, Zatz M, Iuvone PM, Rodriguez IR, Begay V, Falcon J, Cahill GM, Cassone VM, Baler R (1997) The melatonin rhythm generating enzyme: molecular regulation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the pineal gland. Recent Prog Horm Res 52:307\u2013357 (PMID: 9238858)"},{"key":"3654_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klein D, Sugden D, Weller JL (1983) Postsynaptic a-adrenergic receptors potentiate the padrenergic stimulation of pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80599\u201380603 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.80.2.599","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.2.599"},{"key":"3654_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234762","volume":"209","author":"HW Korf","year":"1980","unstructured":"Korf HW, Wagner U (1980) Evidence for a nervous connection between the brain and the pineal organ in the guinea pig. Cell Tissue Res 209:505\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00234762","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korf HW, M\u00f8ller M (2021) The median eminence and infundibular nucleus; window for endocrine and metabolic communication. Handbook of clinical neurology, Vol.180 (3rd series). The human hypothalamus: middle and posterior region (DF Swaab, PJ Lucassen, F Krei, R Buijs, and A Saleh, Editors), pp. 227\u2013251 Elsevier, BV","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820107-7.00015-X"},{"key":"3654_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3454660","volume":"231","author":"HW Korf","year":"1986","unstructured":"Korf HW, Oksche A, Ekstr\u00f6m P, Gery I, Zigler JS Jr (1986) Klein DC (1986) Pinealocyte projections into the mammalian brain revealed with S-antigen antiserum. Science 231:735\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3454660","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3654_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313528","volume":"261","author":"HW Korf","year":"1990","unstructured":"Korf HW, Sato T, Oksche A (1990) Complex relationships between the pineal organ and the medial habenular nucleus-pretectal region of the mouse as revealed by S-antigen immunocytochemistry. Cell Tissue Res 261:493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00313528","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00003.x","volume":"10","author":"PJ Larsen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Larsen PJ, Enquist LW, Card JP (1998) Characterization of the multisynaptic neuronal control of the rat pineal gland using viral transneuronal tracing. Eur J Neurosci 10:128\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00003.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3654_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410000251","volume":"301","author":"W Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu W, M\u00f8ller M (2000) Innervation of the rat pineal gland by PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers originating in the trigeminal ganglion: a degeneration study. Cell Tissue Res 301:369\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004410000251","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5<265::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"46","author":"S Matsushima","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matsushima S, Sakai Y, Hira Y (1999) Peptidergic peripheral nervous systems in the mammalian pineal gland. Microsc Res Tech 46:265\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5%3c265::AID-JEMT4%3e3.0.CO;2-S","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"3654_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070210302","volume":"21","author":"JA Mcnulty","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mcnulty JA, Fox LM (1992) Pinealocyte synaptic ribbons and neuroendocrine function. Microsc Res Techn 21:175\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.1070210302","journal-title":"Microsc Res Techn"},{"key":"3654_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5<239::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"46","author":"JD Mikkelsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mikkelsen JD, M\u00f8ller M (1999) Neuropeptide Y in the mammalian Pineal gland. Microsc Res Techniq 46:239\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5%3c239::AID-JEMT2%3e3.0.CO;2-2","journal-title":"Microsc Res Techniq"},{"key":"3654_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moore RY (1975) Indolamine metabolism in the intact and denervated pineal, pineal stalk and habenula. Neuroendocrinol 19:323\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000122453 (PMID: 1241605)","DOI":"10.1159\/000122453"},{"key":"3654_CR33","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Pineal Function","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"1981","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M (1981) The ultrastructure of the deep pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil and mouse: granular vesicle localization and innervation. In: Matthews CD, RF seemark, (eds) Pineal Function. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 257\u2013266"},{"key":"3654_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070210303","volume":"21","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"1992","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M (1992) Fine structure of the pinealopetal innervation of the mammalian pineal gland. Microsc Res Techn 21:188\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.1070210303","journal-title":"Microsc Res Techn"},{"key":"3654_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5<235::AID-JEMT1>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"46","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"1999","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M (1999) Introduction to mammalian pineal innervation. Microsc Res Techniq 46:235\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5%3c235::AID-JEMT1%3e3.0.CO;2-9","journal-title":"Microsc Res Techniq"},{"key":"3654_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00213805","volume":"230","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"1983","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M, Korf HW (1983a) The origin of central pinealopetal nerve fibers in the Mongolian gerbil as demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Cell Tissue Res 230:273\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00213805","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00213804","volume":"230","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"1983","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M, Korf HW (1983b) Central innervation of the pineal organ of the Mongolian gerbil. A histochemical and lesion study. Cell Tissue Res 230:259\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00213804","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19990307","volume":"39","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"1999","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M, Liu W (1999) Innervation of the rat pineal gland by nerve fibres originating in the sphenopalatine, otic and trigeminal ganglia. A retrograde in vivo neuronal tracing study. Reprod Nutr Dev 39:345\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/rnd:19990307","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"3654_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0580-5","volume":"309","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"2002","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M, Baeres FMM (2002) The anatomy and innervation of the mammalian pineal gland. Cell Tissue Res 309:139\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-002-0580-5","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR40","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller M, Cozzi B, Schr\u00f6der H, Mikkelsen JD (1987) The peptidergic innervation of the mammalian pineal gland. In: Fundamentals and clinics in pineal research (GP Trentini, C de Gaetani, P P\u00e9vet, eds.). Serono Symposia Publication nr. 44, pp. 71 77. New York: Raven Press 1987"},{"key":"3654_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08241.x","volume":"57","author":"J Olcese","year":"1991","unstructured":"Olcese J (1991) Neuropeptide Y: an endogenous inhibitor of norepinephrine-stimulated melatonin secretion in the rat pineal gland. J Neurochem 57:943\u2013947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08241.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3654_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5<281::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"46","author":"P Phansuwan-Pujito","year":"1999","unstructured":"Phansuwan-Pujito P, M\u00f8ller M, Govitrapong P (1999) Cholinergic innervation and function in the mammalian pineal gland. Microsc Res Tech 46:281\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5%3c281::AID-JEMT5%3e3.0.CO;2-N","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"3654_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1888","volume":"157","author":"MF Rath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rath MF, Coon SL, Amaral FG, Weller JL, M\u00f8ller M, Klein DC (2016) Melatonin synthesis: acetylserotonin o-methyltransferase (ASMT) is strongly expressed in a subpopulation of pinealocytes in the male rat pineal gland. Endocrinol 157:2028\u20132040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2015-1888","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"3654_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03773.x","volume":"97","author":"MF Rath","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rath MF, Mu\u00f1oz E, Ganguly S, Morin F, Shi Q, Klein DC, M\u00f8ller M (2006) Expression of the Otx2 homeobox gene in the developing mammalian brain: embryonic and adult expression in the pineal gland. J Neurochem 97:556\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03773.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3654_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0906-y","volume":"3","author":"MF Rath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rath MF, Rohde K, Klein DC, M\u00f8ller M (2013) Homeobox genes in the rodent pineal gland: roles in development and phenotype maintenance. Neurochem Res 3:1100\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-012-0906-y","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3654_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rawe VY, Olmedo SB, Nodar FN, Ponzio R, Sutovsky P (2003) Abnormal assembly of annulate lamellae and nuclear pore complexes coincides with fertilization arrest at the pronuclear stage of human zygotic development. Hum Reprod 28:576\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deg114 (PMID: 12615828)","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg114"},{"key":"3654_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reuss S (1999) Trigeminal innervation of the mammalian pineal gland. Microsc Res Tech 46:305\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5%3c305::AID-JEMT7%3e3.0.CO;2-#","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990815\/01)46:4\/5%3c305::AID-JEMT7%3e3.0.CO;2-#"},{"issue":"2","key":"3654_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90631-X","volume":"125","author":"Luis Ribas Jorge","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ribas, JL (1977) The Rat Epithalamus I. Correlative Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscopy of Supraependymal Nerves. Cell Tiss. Res. 182, 1-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90631-x","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"3654_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribelayga C, Gauer F, P\u00e9vet P, Simonneaux V (1998) Distribution of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase mRNA in the rat brain: an in situ hybridisation study. Cell Tissue Res 291:415\u2013421.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051011"},{"key":"3654_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00223229","volume":"157","author":"HJ Romijn","year":"1975","unstructured":"Romijn HJ (1975) Structure and innervation of the pineal gland of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.). Cell Tissue Res 157:25\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00223229","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236823","volume":"37","author":"OK R\u00f8nnekleiv","year":"1979","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnekleiv OK, M\u00f8ller M (1979) Brain-pineal nervous connections in the rat: an ultrastructure study following habenular lesion. Exp Brain Res 37:551\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00236823","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3654_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237549","volume":"39","author":"OK R\u00f8nnekleiv","year":"1980","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ, Wuttke W (1980) Single unit recordings in the rat pineal gland: evidence for habenulo-pineal neural connections. Exp Brain Res 39:187\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00237549","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3654_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.57.47","volume":"57","author":"Y Sakai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sakai Y, Hira Y, Oomori Y, Daikoku S, Matsushima S (1994) Immunohistochemical studies on sympathetic and non-sympathetic nerve fibers and neuronal cell bodies in the pineal gland of cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus. Arch Histol Cytol 57:47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1679\/aohc.57.47","journal-title":"Arch Histol Cytol"},{"key":"3654_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scharenberg K, Liss L (1965) The histologic structure of the human pineal body. Prog Brain Res 10:193\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)63452-4 (PMID: 14281603)","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)63452-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"3654_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"Caroline A Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods  9:671\u2013675.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2089","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"3654_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01249146","volume":"150","author":"P Semm","year":"1981","unstructured":"Semm P, Schneider T, Vollrath L (1981) Morphological and electrophysiological evidence for habenular influence on the guinea-pig pineal gland. J Neural Transm 150:247\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01249146","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"3654_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001680204","volume":"168","author":"MN Sheridan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sheridan MN, Rollag MD (1983) Development and melatonin content of the deep pineal gland in the Syrian hamster. Am J Anat 168:145\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aja.1001680204","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"3654_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90461-1","volume":"70","author":"Y Shiotani","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shiotani Y, Yamano M, Shiosaka S, Emson PC, Hillyard CJ, Girgis S, MacIntyre I (1986) Distribution and origins of substance P (SP)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerve fibers in the pineal gland of gerbils. Neurosci Lett 70:87\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90461-1","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"3654_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91313-h","volume":"603","author":"V Simonneaux","year":"1993","unstructured":"Simonneaux V, Ouichou A, P\u00e9vet P (1993) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates melatonin synthesis from rat pineal gland. Brain Res 603:148\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91313-h","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3654_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10477","volume":"456","author":"H Tricoire","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tricoire H, Malpaux B, M\u00f8ller M (2003a) Morphological indications for a direct secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland to the third ventricle of the sheep. A light and electron microscopical study of the pineal recess. J Comp Neurol 456:39\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.10477","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"3654_CR61","unstructured":"Tricoire H, M\u00f8ller M, Chemineau P, Malpaux B (2003b) Origin of cerebrospinal fluid melatonin and possible function in the integration of photoperiod. Reproduction, Suppl 61:311\u2013321 (PMID: 14635944)"},{"key":"3654_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00307386","volume":"145","author":"L Vollrath","year":"1973","unstructured":"Vollrath L (1973) Synaptic ribbons of a mammalian pineal gland circadian changes. Cell Tissue Res 145:171\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00307386","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3654_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vollrath L (1981) The pineal organ. Hdb mikr Anat Mensch, VI\/7 (A Oksche, L Vollrath, eds) Springer: Berlin Heidelberg New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-81525-6"},{"key":"3654_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Welsh MG (1983) CSF-contacting pinealocytes in the pineal recess of the Mongolian gerbil: a correlative scanning and transmission electron microscope study. Am J Anat 166:483\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aja.1001660408 (PMID: 6858943)","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001660408"},{"key":"3654_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolfe DE (1965) The epiphyseal cell: an electron-microscopic study of its intercellular relationship and intracellular morphology in the pineal body of the Albino rat. Prog Brain Res 10:332\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)63460-3 (PMID: 14281612)","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079-6123(08)63460-3"},{"key":"3654_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1983.tb11826.x.PMID","volume":"41","author":"A Yuwiler","year":"1983","unstructured":"Yuwiler A (1983) Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of pineal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity: general characteristics. J Neurochem 41:146\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1983.tb11826.x.PMID","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3654_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318140","volume":"265","author":"E Zhang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zhang E, Mikkelsen JD, M\u00f8ller M (1991) Tyrosine hydroxylase-and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pineal complex of untreated rats and rats following removal of the superior cervical ganglia. Cell Tissue Res 265:63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00318140","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"}],"container-title":["Cell and Tissue Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00441-022-03654-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00441-022-03654-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00441-022-03654-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T04:11:10Z","timestamp":1662005470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00441-022-03654-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-022-03654-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-766X","1432-0878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-766X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of EU directive 2010\/63\/EU. The study was approved by the Danish Animal Experiments Inspectorate (authorization number 2017\u201315-0201\u201301190) and by the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (authorization number P21-146).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The informed consent of the participants in this study was obtained verbally and confirmed by e-mail.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}