{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:32:43Z","timestamp":1770330763037,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Tissue Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-025-04033-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T05:59:23Z","timestamp":1768024763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycogen shunt is essential for submandibular gland morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"403","author":[{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Ida-Yonemochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4033_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2016.02.001","volume":"5","author":"MM Adeva-Andany","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adeva-Andany MM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Luc\u00e1n M, Donapetry-Garc\u00eda C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez C, Ameneiros-Rodr\u00edguez E (2016) Glycogen metabolism in humans. BBA Clin 5:85\u2013100","journal-title":"BBA Clin"},{"key":"4033_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54410-9","volume":"9","author":"B Allushi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allushi B, Bagavant H, Papinska J, Deshmukh US (2019) Hyperglycemia and salivary gland dysfunction in the non-obese diabetic mouse: caveats for preclinical studies in Sjogre\u2019s syndrome. Sci Rep 9:17969","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4033_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.job.2024.100592","volume":"67","author":"O Amano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amano O, Onozawa G, Taira F, Kawabe Y, Mizobe K, Toda M, Nagasaka A, Bando Y, Sakiyama K (2025) Functional morphology of myoepithelial cells in the rat salivary glands: a review. J Oral Biosci 67:100592","journal-title":"J Oral Biosci"},{"key":"4033_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2021","volume":"102","author":"AM Chibly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP (2022) Salivary gland function, development, and regeneration. Physiol Rev 102:1495\u20131552","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4033_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103955","author":"D-X Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding D-X, Wang Y, Yan W, Fu W-N (2022) MYCT1 alters the glycogen shunt by regulating selective translation of RACK1-mediated enzymes. iScience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103955","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"4033_CR6","first-page":"129","volume":"4","author":"A Ercan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ercan A, Hatice T, Kayhan O (2005) Diffuse parotid gland enlargement assosiated with glycogen storage disease III: a case report. Turk J Endocrinol Metab 4:129\u2013132","journal-title":"Turk J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"4033_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s40778-024-00236-9","volume":"10","author":"W Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan W, Li X (2024) RNA-mediated regulation of glycolysis in embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Rep 10:58\u201364","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"4033_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.10.017","volume":"16","author":"E Favaro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Favaro E, Bensaad K, Chong MG, Tennant DA, Ferguson DJ, Snell C, Steers G, Turley H, Li JL, Gunther UL, Buffa FM, McIntyre A, Harris AL (2012) Glucose utilization via glycogen phosphorylase sustains proliferation and prevents premature senescence in cancer cells. Cell Metab 16:751\u2013764","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4033_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodwin K, Nelson CM (2020) Branching morphogenesis. Development 147:dev184499","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.184499"},{"key":"4033_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16665380","volume":"37","author":"H Gotoh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gotoh H, Nomura T, Ono K (2017) Glycogen serves as an energy source that maintains astrocyte cell proliferation in the neonatal telencephalon. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37:2294\u20132307","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4033_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijnmhs.2020.002","volume":"3","author":"S Hassan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassan S, Pratyusha F (2020) Diabetes and oral diseases-a review. IP J Nutr Metab Health Sci 3:6\u20139","journal-title":"IP J Nutr Metab Health Sci"},{"key":"4033_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.004","volume":"31","author":"A Helman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helman A, Cangelosi AL, Davis JC, Pham Q, Rothman A, Faust AL, Straubhaar JR, Sabatini DM, Melton DA (2020) A nutrient-sensing transition at birth triggers glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Cell Metab 31:1004-1016.e1005","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4033_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdj.2014.03.003","volume":"24","author":"R Hino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hino R, Futagi M, Yamada A, Arakaki M, Saito K, Sugawara Y, Ono M, Fukumoto E, Nakamura T, Fukumoto S (2014) Establishment of ex vivo mucocele model using salivary gland organ culture. Pediatr Dent J 24:78\u201382","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent J"},{"key":"4033_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.job.2025.100667","author":"H Ida-Yonemochi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ida-Yonemochi H (2025) Role of glucose metabolism in amelogenesis. J Oral Biosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.job.2025.100667","journal-title":"J Oral Biosci"},{"key":"4033_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2016.01.002","volume":"139","author":"H Ida-Yonemochi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ida-Yonemochi H, Otsu K, Ohshima H, Harada H (2016) The glycogen metabolism via Akt signaling is important for the secretion of enamel matrix in tooth development. Mech Dev 139:18\u201330","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"4033_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-022-03575-3","volume":"388","author":"H Ida-Yonemochi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ida-Yonemochi H, Takeuchi K, Ohshima H (2022) Role of chondroitin sulfate in the developmental and healing process of the dental pulp in mice. Cell Tissue Res 388:133\u2013148","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"4033_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345231209931","volume":"103","author":"H Ida-Yonemochi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ida-Yonemochi H, Otsu K, Irie T, Ohazama A, Harada H, Ohshima H (2024) Loss of autophagy disrupts stemness of ameloblast-lineage cells in aging. J Dent Res 103:156\u2013166","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4033_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2267-z","volume":"42","author":"E Jakobsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jakobsen E, Bak L, Walls A, Reuschlein A, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen H (2017) Glycogen shunt activity and glycolytic supercompensation in astrocytes may be distinctly mediated via the muscle form of glycogen phosphorylase. Neurochem Res 42(9):2490\u20132494","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"4033_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005549823146","volume":"22","author":"PS Kishnani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kishnani PS, Boney A, Chen YT (1999) Nutritional deficiencies in a patient with glycogen storage disease type Ib. J Inherit Metab Dis 22:795\u2013801","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"4033_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2023.100440","volume":"64","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li L, Zhou H, Wang J, Li J, Lyu X, Wang W, Luo C, Huang H, Zhou D, Chen X, Xu L, Li P (2023) Metabolic switch from glycogen to lipid in the liver maintains glucose homeostasis in neonatal mice. J Lipid Res 64:100440","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"4033_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02141-x","volume":"10","author":"H Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang S, Wang J, Guo X, Song Y, Fu K, Gao Z, Liu D, He W, Yang LL (2025) Energy metabolism in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10:69","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"4033_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.09.004","volume":"324","author":"S Matoba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matoba S, Hiramatsu R, Kanai-Azuma M, Tsunekawa N, Harikae K, Kawakami H, Kurohmaru M, Kanai Y (2008) Establishment of testis-specific SOX9 activation requires high-glucose metabolism in mouse sex differentiation. Dev Biol 324:76\u201387","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"4033_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040883","volume":"10","author":"M Migocka-Patrzalek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migocka-Patrzalek M, Elias M (2021) Muscle glycogen phosphorylase and its functional partners in health and disease. Cells 10:883","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4033_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122631","volume":"346","author":"GKS Neoh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neoh GKS, Tan X, Chen S, Roura E, Dong X, Gilbert RG (2024) Glycogen metabolism and structure: a review. Carbohydr Polym 346:122631","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4033_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(02)00165-6","volume":"48","author":"J Nicolau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nicolau J, Ganzerla E, de Souza DN (2003) Glycogen content and activities of enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of the salivary glands of rats during postnatal development. Arch Oral Biol 48:101\u2013109","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"4033_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fnene.2012.00003","volume":"4","author":"LF Obel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Obel LF, M\u00fcller MS, Walls AB, Sickmann HM, Bak LK, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A (2012) Brain glycogen\u2014new perspectives on its metabolic function and regulation at the subcellular level. Front Neuroenergetics 4:3","journal-title":"Front Neuroenergetics"},{"key":"4033_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2025.08.007","volume":"30","author":"S Ohshima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohshima S, Quispe-Salcedo A, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ueki Y, Horii A, Ohshima H (2025) Stem\/progenitor cell dynamics during salivary gland development and regeneration demonstrated by the double pulse-chase paradigm. Regen Ther 30:595\u2013605","journal-title":"Regen Ther"},{"key":"4033_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13685","volume":"51","author":"EMA Ozturk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozturk EMA, Yalcin ED (2024) Evaluation of submandibular and parotid salivary glands by ultrasonography in patients with diabetes. J Oral Rehabil 51:1144\u20131157","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"4033_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68396-2","volume":"10","author":"L Poisa-Beiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poisa-Beiro L, Thoma J, Landry J, Sauer S, Yamamoto A, Eckstein V, Romanov N, Raffel S, Hoffmann GF, Bork P, Benes V, Gavin AC, Tanaka M, Ho AD (2020) Glycogen accumulation, central carbon metabolism, and aging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Sci Rep 10:11597","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4033_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-024-00510-0","volume":"19","author":"MP Polito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polito MP, Romaldini A, Rinaldo S, Enzo E (2024) Coordinating energy metabolism and signaling pathways in epithelial self-renewal and differentiation. Biol Direct 19:63","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"key":"4033_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112490","author":"VOC Rigaud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rigaud VOC, Hoy R, Mohsin S, Khan M (2020) Stem cell metabolism: powering cell-based therapeutics. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9112490","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4033_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111416","volume":"441","author":"PJ Roach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roach PJ, Depaoli-Roach AA, Hurley TD, Tagliabracci VS (2012) Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes. Biochem J 441:763\u2013787","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"4033_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-020-00115-x","volume":"6","author":"C Rocchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rocchi C, Barazzuol L, Coppes RP (2021) The evolving definition of salivary gland stem cells. NPJ Regen Med 6:4","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"key":"4033_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(86)90039-1","volume":"249","author":"N Ronald","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ronald N, Margolis KT (1986) Glycogen metabolism in neonatal liver of the rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 249:605\u2013610","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"4033_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1348-8643(15)00040-3","volume":"13","author":"T Sakai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakai T (2015) Development and regeneration of salivary gland toward for clinical application. Oral Sci Int 13:7\u201314","journal-title":"Oral Sci Int"},{"key":"4033_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.543","volume":"2","author":"MST Sakai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakai MST (2022) Establishment of a mouse submandibular salivary gland organ culture. Curr Protoc 2:e543","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"},{"issue":"6942","key":"4033_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01712","volume":"423","author":"T Sakai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sakai T, Larsen M, Yamada K (2003) Fibronectin requirement in branching morphogenesis. Nature 423(6942):876\u2013881","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4033_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14937","volume":"286","author":"M Sakai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakai M, Fukumoto M, Ikai K, Ono Minagi H, Inagaki S, Kogo M, Sakai T (2019) Role of the mTOR signalling pathway in salivary gland development. FEBS J 286:3701\u20133717","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4033_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(71)90015-3","volume":"36","author":"BLGM Scott","year":"1971","unstructured":"Scott BLGM (1971) Distribution of glycogen in osteoblasts of the fetal rat. J Ultrastruct Res 36(5):565\u2013586","journal-title":"J Ultrastruct Res"},{"key":"4033_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2017.09.007","volume":"3","author":"RG Shulman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shulman RG, Rothman DL (2017) The glycogen shunt maintains glycolytic homeostasis and the Warburg effect in cancer. Trends Cancer 3:761\u2013767","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"4033_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.022","volume":"40","author":"L Tappy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tappy L (2021) Metabolism of sugars: a window to the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis by splanchnic organs. Clin Nutr 40:1691\u20131698","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4033_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.01.006","volume":"18","author":"AS Tucker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tucker AS (2007) Salivary gland development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:237\u2013244","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"4033_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.04.001","volume":"10","author":"M Ward Platt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward Platt M, Deshpande S (2005) Metabolic adaptation at birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:341\u2013350","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"4033_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28962","volume":"235","author":"RL Xiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiang RL, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Cong X, Zhang ZJ, Wu LL, Yu GY (2019) Type 2 diabetes-induced hyposalivation of the submandibular gland through PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. J Cell Physiol 235:232\u2013244","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"4033_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303194","volume":"34","author":"H Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu H, Sun A, Zou Y, Ge J (2014) Inducible metabolic adaptation promotes mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemia: a hypoxia-induced and glycogen-based energy prestorage strategy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34:870\u2013876","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"}],"container-title":["Cell and Tissue Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00441-025-04033-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00441-025-04033-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00441-025-04033-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1770285801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00441-025-04033-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-025-04033-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-766X","1432-0878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-766X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments complied with the guidelines by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of the Environment, and the Science Council of Japan and were carried out in accordance with the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals. All animal experiments were conducted in compliance with the protocol, which was reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and approved by the President of Niigata University (Permit Number: SA01544).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1"}}