{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:36:39Z","timestamp":1792874199280,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]],"date-time":"2018-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010732","name":"Marie-Claire Cronstedts Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004357","name":"Naturv\u00e5rdsverket","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Hunters organization"},{"name":"EU Interreg-ScandTick Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oecologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-018-4174-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]],"date-time":"2018-05-26T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1527300707000},"page":"85-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Who\u2019s afraid of the big bad wolf? Variation in the stress response among personalities and populations in a large wild herbivore"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Nad\u00e8ge C.","family":"Bonnot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika A.","family":"Bergvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Jarnemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Kjellander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120570","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120570","volume":"10","author":"H Andr\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9n H, Liberg O (2015) Large impact of Eurasian lynx predation on roe deer population dynamics. PLoS One 10:e0120570","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4174_CR2","unstructured":"Barto\u0144 K (2016) MuMIn: multi-model inference. R package version 1.15.6. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=MuMIn . Accessed Mar 2018"},{"key":"4174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1\u201348","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"4174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.12.022","volume":"77","author":"A Bell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell A, Hankison SJ, Laskowski KL (2009) The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis. Anim Behav 77:771\u2013783","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"4174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.04.013","volume":"24","author":"F Bonier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonier F, Martin PR, Moore IT, Wingfield JC (2009) Do baseline glucocorticoids predict fitness? Trends Ecol Evol 24:634\u2013642","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-012-0665-8","volume":"59","author":"N Bonnot","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonnot N, Morellet N, Verheyden H, Cargnelutti B, Lourtet B, Klein F, Hewison AJM (2013) Habitat use under predation risk: hunting, roads and human dwellings influence the spatial behaviour of roe deer. Eur J Wildl Res 59:185\u2013193","journal-title":"Eur J Wildl Res"},{"key":"4174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru169","volume":"26","author":"N Bonnot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonnot N, Verheyden H, Blanchard P, Cote J, Debeffe L, Cargnelutti B, Klein F, Hewison AM, Morellet N (2015) Interindividual variability in habitat use: evidence for a risk management syndrome in roe deer? Behav Ecol 26:105\u2013114","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12008","volume":"27","author":"R Boonstra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boonstra R (2013) Reality as the leading cause of stress: rethinking the impact of chronic stress in nature. Funct Ecol 27:11\u201323","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9615(1998)068[0371:TIOPIS]2.0.CO;2","volume":"68","author":"R Boonstra","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boonstra R, Hik D, Singleton GR, Tinnikov A (1998) The impact of predator-induced stress on the snowshoe hare cycle. Ecol Monogr 68:371\u2013394","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"4174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-010-1029-6","volume":"65","author":"KP Burnham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burnham KP, Anderson DR, Huyvaert KP (2011) AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 65:23\u201335","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"4174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257553","volume":"346","author":"G Chapron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chapron G, Kaczensky P, Linnell JD, Von Arx M, Huber D, Andr\u00e9n H, L\u00f3pez-Bao JV, Adamec M, \u00c1lvares F, Anders O (2014) Recovery of large carnivores in Europe\u2019s modern human-dominated landscapes. Science 346:1517\u20131519","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4174_CR12","unstructured":"Christensen RHB (2015) Ordinal\u2014regression models for ordinal data. R package version 2015, pp 6\u201328. http:\/\/www.cran.r-project.org\/package=ordinal\/ . Accessed Mar 2018"},{"key":"4174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1890\/09-0221.1","volume":"91","author":"D Christianson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christianson D, Creel S (2010) A nutritionally mediated risk effect of wolves on elk. Ecology 91:1184\u20131191","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"4174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2913","volume":"271","author":"M Clinchy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clinchy M, Zanette L, Boonstra R, Wingfield JC, Smith JN (2004) Balancing food and predator pressure induces chronic stress in songbirds. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 271:2473\u20132479","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"4174_CR15","first-page":"21","volume":"5","author":"M Clinchy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clinchy M, Schulkin J, Zanette LY, Sheriff MJ, McGowan PO, Boonstra R (2011) The neurological ecology of fear: insights neuroscientists and ecologists have to offer one another. Front Behav Neurosci 5:21","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"4174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12007","volume":"27","author":"M Clinchy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clinchy M, Sheriff MJ, Zanette LY (2013) Predator-induced stress and the ecology of fear. Funct Ecol 27:56\u201365","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2007.12.004","volume":"23","author":"S Creel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Creel S, Christianson D (2008) Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Trends Ecol Evol 23:194\u2013201","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135918","volume":"315","author":"S Creel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Creel S, Christianson D, Liley S, Winnie JA (2007) Predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk. Science 315:960","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12388","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902235106","volume":"106","author":"S Creel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Creel S, Winnie JA, Christianson D (2009) Glucocorticoid stress hormones and the effect of predation risk on elk reproduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12388\u201312393","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60500-2","volume":"73","author":"ER Kloet De","year":"1988","unstructured":"De Kloet ER, Rosenfeld P, Van Eekelen JAM, Sutanto W, Levine S (1988) Stress, glucocorticoids and development. Prog Brain Res 73:101\u2013120","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"4174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140873","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0873","volume":"281","author":"L Debeffe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Debeffe L, Morellet N, Bonnot N, Gaillard J, Cargnelutti B, Verheyden-Tixier H, Vanp\u00e9 C, Coulon A, Clobert J, Bon R (2014) The link between behavioural type and natal dispersal propensity reveals a dispersal syndrome in a large herbivore. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 281:20140873","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"4174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.08.003","volume":"109","author":"L Debeffe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Debeffe L, Lema\u00eetre J, Bergvall UA, Hewison A, Gaillard J, Morellet N, Goulard M, Monestier C, David M, Verheyden-Tixier H, J\u00e4derberg L, Vanp\u00e9 C, Kjellander P (2015) Short-and long-term repeatability of docility in the roe deer: sex and age matter. Anim Behav 109:53\u201363","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"4174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.12.010","volume":"65","author":"EK Fischer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fischer EK, Harris RM, Hofmann HA, Hoke KL (2014) Predator exposure alters stress physiology in guppies across timescales. Horm Behav 65:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"4174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2003.11.002","volume":"135","author":"LS Hayward","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hayward LS, Wingfield JC (2004) Maternal corticosterone is transferred to avian yolk and may alter offspring growth and adult phenotype. Gen Comp Endocr 135:365\u2013371","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocr"},{"key":"4174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2193\/0022-541X(2005)069[1090:RFRARD]2.0.CO;2","volume":"69","author":"A Jarnemo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jarnemo A, Liberg O (2005) Red fox removal and roe deer fawn survival - a 14-year study. J Wildl Manag 69:1090\u20131098","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"},{"key":"4174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm-1992-0221","volume":"56","author":"J Jullien","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jullien J, Delorme D, Gaillard J (1992) D\u00e9termination de l\u2019\u00e2ge chez le faon de chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus) dans son premier mois de vie. Mammalia 56:307\u2013311","journal-title":"Mammalia"},{"key":"4174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.105254","volume":"572","author":"A Kapoor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kapoor A, Dunn E, Kostaki A, Andrews MH, Matthews SG (2006) Fetal programming of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function: prenatal stress and glucocorticoids. J Physiol 572:31\u201344","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4174_CR28","first-page":"86","volume":"8","author":"P Kjellander","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kjellander P, Rooth A (1994) Hur r\u00e4dda \u00e4r r\u00e5djuren? Svensk Jakt 8:86\u201389","journal-title":"Svensk Jakt"},{"key":"4174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0188-z","volume":"146","author":"P Kjellander","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kjellander P, Gaillard J-M, Hewison AM (2006) Density-dependent responses of fawn cohort body mass in two contrasting roe deer populations. Oecologia 146:521\u2013530","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"4174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00026-3","volume":"23","author":"JM Koolhaas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koolhaas JM, Korte SM, de Boer SF, Van der Vegt BJ, Van Reenen CG, Hopster H, De Jong IC, Ruis MAW, Blokhuis HJ (1999) Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23:925\u2013935","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"4174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000105485","volume":"70","author":"JM Koolhaas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koolhaas JM, De Boer SF, Buwalda B, Van Reenen K (2007) Individual variation in coping with stress: a multidimensional approach of ultimate and proximate mechanisms. Brain Behav Evolut 70:218\u2013226","journal-title":"Brain Behav Evolut"},{"key":"4174_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.02.003","volume":"35","author":"J Koolhaas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koolhaas J, Bartolomucci A, Buwalda Bd, De Boer S, Fl\u00fcgge G, Korte S, Meerlo P, Murison R, Olivier B, Palanza P (2011) Stress revisited: a critical evaluation of the stress concept. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:1291\u20131301","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"4174_CR33","unstructured":"Liberg O, Andr\u00e9n H (2006) Lodjursstammen i Sverige 1994\u20132004. En utv\u00e4rdering av inventeringsresultat och metoder. Rapport Viltskadecenter\/Grims\u00f6 forskningsstation, SLU. ISBN 978-91-976324-0-9"},{"key":"4174_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2307\/1313225","volume":"48","author":"SL Lima","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lima SL (1998) Nonlethal effects in the ecology of predator-prey interactions. Bioscience 48:25\u201334","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"4174_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.02040.x","volume":"27","author":"OP Love","year":"2013","unstructured":"Love OP, McGowan PO, Sheriff MJ (2013) Maternal adversity and ecological stressors in natural populations: the role of stress axis programming in individuals, with implications for populations and communities. Funct Ecol 27:81\u201392","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639","volume":"10","author":"SJ Lupien","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lupien SJ, McEwen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C (2009) Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:434\u2013445","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"4174_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2007.06.004","volume":"77","author":"J Martin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin J, R\u00e9ale D (2008) Animal temperament and human disturbance: implications for the response of wildlife to tourism. Behav Proc 77:66\u201372","journal-title":"Behav Proc"},{"key":"4174_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.06.007","volume":"52","author":"TL Martins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martins TL, Roberts ML, Giblin I, Huxham R, Evans MR (2007) Speed of exploration and risk-taking behavior are linked to corticosterone titres in zebra finches. Horm Behav 52:445\u2013453","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"4174_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.17410.x","volume":"118","author":"MI McCormick","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCormick MI (2009) Indirect effects of heterospecific interactions on progeny size through maternal stress. Oikos 118:744\u2013752","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"4174_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv087","volume":"26","author":"C Monestier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Monestier C, Morellet N, Gaillard J-M, Cargnelutti B, Vanp\u00e9 C, Hewison A (2015) Is a proactive mum a good mum? A mother\u2019s coping style influences early fawn survival in roe deer. Behav Ecol 26:1395\u20131403","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2016.09.004","volume":"132","author":"C Monestier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Monestier C, Gilot-Fromont E, Morellet N, Debeffe L, Cebe N, Merlet J, Picot D, Rames J-L, Hewison A, Verheyden H (2016) Individual variation in an acute stress response reflects divergent coping strategies in a large herbivore. Behav Process 132:22\u201328","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"key":"4174_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00141.x","volume":"85","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H (2010) Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists. Biol Rev 85:935\u2013956","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"4174_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2012.723076","volume":"16","author":"AEM Newman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Newman AEM, Zanette LY, Clinchy M, Goodenough N, Soma KK (2013) Stress in the wild: chronic predator pressure and acute restraint affect plasma DHEA and corticosterone levels in a songbird. Stress 16:363\u2013367","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"4174_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.11.004","volume":"6","author":"A Novais","year":"2017","unstructured":"Novais A, Monteiro S, Roque S, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N (2017) How age, sex and genotype shape the stress response. Neurobiol Stress 6:44\u201356","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"4174_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.765887","volume":"30","author":"N Pagon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pagon N, Grignolio S, Pipia A, Bongi P, Bertolucci C, Apollonio M (2013) Seasonal variation of activity patterns in roe deer in a temperate forested area. Chronobiol Int 30:772\u2013785","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"4174_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.12.014","volume":"89","author":"MB Petelle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petelle MB, Dang BN, Blumstein DT (2017) The effect of maternal glucocorticoid levels on juvenile docility in yellow-bellied marmots. Horm Behav 89:86\u201391","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"4174_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1890\/04-0719","volume":"86","author":"EL Preisser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Preisser EL, Bolnick DI, Benard MF (2005) Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator\u2013prey interactions. Ecology 86:501\u2013509","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"4174_CR48","unstructured":"R Core Team R (2016) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.R-projectorg\/ . Accessed Mar 2018"},{"key":"4174_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.09.012","volume":"92","author":"CH Rankin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rankin CH, Abrams T, Barry RJ, Bhatnagar S, Clayton DF, Colombo J, Coppola G, Geyer MA, Glanzman DL, Marsland S (2009) Habituation revisited: an updated and revised description of the behavioral characteristics of habituation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 92:135\u2013138","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4174_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2000.1530","volume":"60","author":"D R\u00e9ale","year":"2000","unstructured":"R\u00e9ale D, Gallant BY, Leblanc M, Festa-Bianchet M (2000) Consistency of temperament in bighorn ewes and correlates with behaviour and life history. Anim Behav 60:589\u2013597","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"4174_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4051","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0208","volume":"365","author":"D R\u00e9ale","year":"2010","unstructured":"R\u00e9ale D, Garant D, Humphries MM, Bergeron P, Careau V, Montiglio P-O (2010) Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level. Philos Trans Roy Soc B 365:4051\u20134063","journal-title":"Philos Trans Roy Soc B"},{"key":"4174_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1644\/BHE-003.1","volume":"86","author":"DM Reeder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reeder DM, Kramer KM (2005) Stress in free-ranging mammals: integrating physiology, ecology, and natural history. J Mammal 86:225\u2013235","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"key":"4174_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241484","volume":"343","author":"WJ Ripple","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ripple WJ, Estes JA, Beschta RL, Wilmers CC, Ritchie EG, Hebblewhite M, Berger J, Elmhagen B, Letnic M, Nelson MP, Schmitz OJ, Smith DW, Wallach AD, Wirsing AJ (2014) Status and ecological effects of the world\u2019s largest carnivores. Science 343:151","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4174_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-010-1004-2","volume":"64","author":"I Rodr\u00edguez-Prieto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Prieto I, Mart\u00edn J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Juricic E (2010) Habituation to low-risk predators improves body condition in lizards. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64:1937\u20131945","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"4174_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.03.008","volume":"19","author":"LM Romero","year":"2004","unstructured":"Romero LM (2004) Physiological stress in ecology: lessons from biomedical research. Trends Ecol Evol 19:249\u2013255","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4174_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.2981\/0909-6396(2008)14[358:EOFMUT]2.0.CO;2","volume":"14","author":"L R\u00f6nneg\u00e5rd","year":"2008","unstructured":"R\u00f6nneg\u00e5rd L, Sand H, Andr\u00e9n H, M\u00e5nsson J, Pehrson \u00c5 (2008) Evaluation of four methods used to estimate population density of moose Alces alces. Wildl Biol 14:358\u2013371","journal-title":"Wildl Biol"},{"key":"4174_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075469","volume":"8","author":"G Samelius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Samelius G, Andr\u00e9n H, Kjellander P, Liberg O (2013) Habitat selection and risk of predation: re-colonization by lynx had limited impact on habitat selection by roe deer. PLoS One 8:e75469","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4174_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(86)90010-X","volume":"11","author":"RM Sapolsky","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sapolsky RM, Meaney MJ (1986) Maturation of the adrenocortical stress response: neuroendocrine control mechanisms and the stress hyporesponsive period. Brain Res Rev 11:65\u201376","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"4174_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.24.110193.000343","volume":"24","author":"SM Scheiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Scheiner SM (1993) Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24:35\u201368","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"4174_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2009.01552.x","volume":"78","author":"MJ Sheriff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sheriff MJ, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R (2009) The sensitive hare: sublethal effects of predator stress on reproduction in snowshoe hares. J Anim Ecol 78:1249\u20131258","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.12.017","volume":"166","author":"MJ Sheriff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheriff MJ, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R (2010) Assessing stress in animal populations: do fecal and plasma glucocorticoids tell the same story? Gen Comp Endocr 166:614\u2013619","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocr"},{"key":"4174_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arm144","volume":"19","author":"BR Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith BR, Blumstein DT (2008) Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis. Behav Ecol 19:448\u2013455","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR63","first-page":"477","volume":"26","author":"MJ Thompson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thompson MJ, Henderson RE (1998) Elk habituation as a credibility challenge for wildlife professionals. Wildl Soc B 26:477\u2013483","journal-title":"Wildl Soc B"},{"key":"4174_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691228198","volume-title":"The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses","author":"R Tollrian","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tollrian R, Harvell CD (1999) The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"key":"4174_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arw047","volume":"27","author":"E Vincze","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vincze E, Papp S, Preiszner B, Seress G, B\u00f3kony V, Liker A (2016) Habituation to human disturbance is faster in urban than rural house sparrows. Behav Ecol 27:1304\u20131313","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"4174_CR66","unstructured":"Wabakken P, Aronson \u00c5, Sand H, Str\u00f8mseth TH, Kojola I (2004) Ulv i Skandinavia. Statusrapport for vinteren 2003\u20132004 (the wolf in Scandinavia: Status report of the 2003\u20132004 winter). H\u00f8gskolen i Hedmark. Oppdragsrapport 5"},{"key":"4174_CR67","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Handbook of physiology. section 7: the endocrine system, coping with the environment: neural and endocrine mechanisms","author":"JC Wingfield","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wingfield JC, Romero LM (2001) Adrenocortical responses to stress and their modulation in free-living vertebrates. In: McEwen BS, Goodman HM (eds) Handbook of physiology. section 7: the endocrine system, coping with the environment: neural and endocrine mechanisms, vol 4. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 211\u2013234"},{"key":"4174_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210908","volume":"334","author":"LY Zanette","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zanette LY, White AF, Allen MC, Clinchy M (2011) Perceived predation risk reduces the number of offspring songbirds produce per year. Science 334:1398\u20131401","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Oecologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00442-018-4174-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00442-018-4174-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00442-018-4174-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T21:28:37Z","timestamp":1720301317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00442-018-4174-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-018-4174-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-8549","1432-1939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-8549","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1939","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All applicable institutional and\/or national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}