{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:42:48Z","timestamp":1793324568221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2017-06808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-06808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["950-230713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950-230713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oecologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-020-04822-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T04:28:21Z","timestamp":1612153701000},"page":"77-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Does ecological release from distantly related species affect phenotypic divergence in brook charr?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Rainville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Filion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Lussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5331-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"P\u00e9pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3122-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Magnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4822_CR1","first-page":"67","volume":"64","author":"P-A Amundsen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Amundsen P-A (1988) Habitat and food segregation of two sympatric populations of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.) in Stuorajavri, Northern Norway. Nordic J Freshw Res 64:67\u201373","journal-title":"Nordic J Freshw Res"},{"key":"4822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01662.x","volume":"14","author":"MS Ara\u00fajo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo MS, Bolnick DI, Layman CA (2011) The ecological causes of individual specialisation. Ecol Lett 14:948\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01662.x","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"4822_CR3","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2014) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1\u201321. http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lme4"},{"key":"4822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703743104","volume":"104","author":"DI Bolnick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bolnick DI, Svanb\u00e4ck R, Ara\u00fajo MS, Persson L (2007) Comparative support for the niche variation hypothesis that more generalized populations also are more heterogeneous. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:10075\u201310079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0703743104","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4822_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0018","volume":"277","author":"DI Bolnick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bolnick DI, Ingram T, Stutz WE, Snowberg LK, Lau OL, Paull JS (2010) Ecological release from interspecific competition leads to decoupled changes in population and individual niche width. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 277:1789\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2010.0018","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1006\/jfbi.1996.0245","volume":"49","author":"P Bourke","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bourke P, Magnan P, Rodr\u00edguez MA (1996) Diel locomotor activity of brook charr, as determined by radiotelemetry. J Fish Biol 49:1174\u20131185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jfbi.1996.0245","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1006\/jfbi.1997.0481","volume":"51","author":"P Bourke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bourke P, Magnan P, Rodr\u00edguez MA (1997) Individual variations in habitat use and morphology in brook charr. J Fish Biol 51:783\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jfbi.1997.0481","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006530029418","volume":"13","author":"P Bourke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bourke P, Magnan P, Rodr\u00edguez MA (1999) Phenotypic responses of lacustrine brook charr in relation to the intensity of interspecific competition. Evol Ecol 13:19\u201331","journal-title":"Evol Ecol"},{"key":"4822_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10303","volume":"61","author":"M Br\u00fcsin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Br\u00fcsin M, Svensson PA, Hylander S (2016) Individual changes in zooplankton pigmentation in relation to ultraviolet radiation and predator cues. Limnol Oceanogr 61:1337\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lno.10303","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"4822_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.20.8012","volume":"83","author":"RK Buddington","year":"1986","unstructured":"Buddington RK, Diamond JM (1986) Aristotle revisited: the function of pyloric caeca in fish. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:8012\u20138014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4822_CR11","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach","author":"KP Burnham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer, New York"},{"key":"4822_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4286","volume":"91","author":"G Choubert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choubert G, Brisbarre F, Baccaunaud M (2011) Impact of dietary carotenoid and packaging during frozen storage on the quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed carotenoids. J Sci Food Agric 91:1075\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.4286","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"4822_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12879","volume":"87","author":"R Costa-Pereira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Costa-Pereira R, Rudolf VHW, Souza FL, Ara\u00fajo MS (2018) Drivers of individual niche variation in coexisting species. J Anim Ecol 87:1452\u20131464","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"4822_CR14","volume-title":"On the origin of species by means of natural selection","author":"C Darwin","year":"1859","unstructured":"Darwin C (1859) On the origin of species by means of natural selection. John Murray, London"},{"key":"4822_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.50","volume":"1","author":"S Des Roches","year":"2011","unstructured":"Des Roches S, Robertson JM, Harmon LJ, Rosenblum EB (2011) Ecological release in white sands lizards. Ecol Evol 1:571\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.50","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4822_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00850.x","volume":"54","author":"J Dynes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dynes J, Magnan P, Bernatchez L, Rodr\u00edguez MA (1999) Genetic and morphological variation between two forms of lacustrine brook charr. J Fish Biol 54:955\u2013972","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1139\/f91-205","volume":"48","author":"P East","year":"1991","unstructured":"East P, Magnan P (1991) Some factors regulating piscivory of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in lakes of the Laurentian Shield. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:1735\u20131743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/f91-205","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00465","volume":"17","author":"P Glaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Glaz P, Sirois P, Nozais C (2012) Determination of food sources for benthic invertebrates and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Canadian Boreal Shield lakes using stable isotope analysis. Aquat Biol 17:107\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/ab00465","journal-title":"Aquat Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR19","volume-title":"The comparative biochemistry of carotenoids","author":"T Goodwin","year":"1952","unstructured":"Goodwin T (1952) The comparative biochemistry of carotenoids. Chapman & Hall LTD., London"},{"key":"4822_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092514","volume":"9","author":"K Goyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goyer K, Bertolo A, P\u00e9pino M, Magnan P (2014) Effects of lake warming on behavioural thermoregulatory tactics in a cold-water stenothermic fish. PLoS ONE 9:e92514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092514","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4822_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1957.0058","volume":"147","author":"J Green","year":"1957","unstructured":"Green J (1957) Carotenoids in daphnia. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 147:392\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1957.0058","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00001699","volume":"46","author":"D H\u00e9roux","year":"1996","unstructured":"H\u00e9roux D, Magnan P (1996) In situ determination of food daily ration in fish: review and field evaluation. Environ. Biol. Fish. 46:61\u201374","journal-title":"Environ. Biol. Fish."},{"key":"4822_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02775.x","volume":"17","author":"EJ Hyslop","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hyslop EJ (1980) Stomach contents analysis - a review of methods and their application. J Fish Biol 17:411\u2013429","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2008.01934.x","volume":"73","author":"R Knudsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knudsen R, Amundsen PA, Jobling M, Klemetsen A (2008) Differences in pyloric caeca morphology between Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus ecotypes: adaptation to trophic specialization or parasite-induced phenotypic modifications? J Fish Biol 73:275\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2008.01934.x","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2095.1999.00095.x","volume":"5","author":"\u00c5 Krogdahl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krogdahl \u00c5, Nordrum S, S\u00f8rensen M, Brudeseth L, R\u00f8sj\u00f8 C (1999) Effects of diet composition on apparent nutrient absorption along the intestinal tract and of subsequent fasting on mucosal disaccharidase activities and plasma nutrient concentration in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Aquac Nutr 5:121\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2095.1999.00095.x","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"4822_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1139\/f92-112","volume":"49","author":"S Lacasse","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lacasse S, Magnan P (1992) Biotic and abiotic determinants of the diet of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in lakes of the Laurentian Shield. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 49:1001\u20131009","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1139\/f90-253","volume":"47","author":"S Lachance","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lachance S, Magnan P (1990) Performance of domestic, hybrid, and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after stocking: the impact of intra- and interspecific competition. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:2278\u20132284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/f90-253","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2011.00208.x","volume":"87","author":"CA Layman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Layman CA, Araujo MS, Boucek R, Hammerschlag-Peyer CM, Harrison E, Jud ZR, Matich P, Rosenblatt AE, Vaudo JJ, Yeager LA, Post DM, Bearhop S (2012) Applying stable isotopes to examine food-web structure: an overview of analytical tools. Biol Rev 87:545\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2011.00208.x","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"4822_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1086\/652433","volume":"175","author":"JB Losos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Losos JB (2010) Adaptive radiation, ecological opportunity, and evolutionary determinism. Am Nat 175:623\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/652433","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"4822_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1139\/f88-123","volume":"45","author":"P Magnan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Magnan P (1988) Interaction between Brook Charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, and nonsalmonid species: ecological shift, morphological shift, and their impact on zooplankton communities. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 45:999\u20131009","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00002800","volume":"36","author":"P Magnan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Magnan P, Stevens ED (1993) Pyloric caecal morphology of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, in relation to diet. Environ Biol Fishes 36:205\u2013210","journal-title":"Environ Biol Fishes"},{"key":"4822_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1139\/F05-041","volume":"62","author":"P Magnan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Magnan P, Proulx R, Plante M (2005) Integrating the effects of fish exploitation and interspecific competition into current life history theories: an example with lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:747\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/F05-041","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR33","unstructured":"Magnusson A, Skaug H, Nielsen A, Berg C, Kristensen K, Maechler M, van Bentham K, Bolker B, Brooks M (2017) glmmTMB: generalized linear mixed models using template model builder \u2013 R package ver. 0.2.0.9. <https:\/\/github.com\/glmmTMB>"},{"key":"4822_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317461","volume":"92","author":"HJ Malmquist","year":"1992","unstructured":"Malmquist HJ (1992) Phenotype-specific feeding behaviour of two arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus morphs. Oecologia 92:354\u2013361","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"4822_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2010.01380.x","volume":"100","author":"RA Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martin RA, Pfennig DW (2010) Field and experimental evidence that competition and ecological opportunity promote resource polymorphism. Biol J Linn Soc 100:73\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2010.01380.x","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"4822_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199466051069","volume":"66","author":"SP Meyers","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meyers SP (1994) Developments in world aquaculture, feed formulations, and role of carotenoids. Pure Appl Chem 66:1069\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/pac199466051069","journal-title":"Pure Appl Chem"},{"key":"4822_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1139\/f81-121","volume":"38","author":"GG Mittelbach","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mittelbach GG (1981) Patterns of invertebrate size and abundance in aquatic habitats. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38:896\u2013904","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01020.x","volume":"10","author":"GG Mittelbach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mittelbach GG, Schemske DW, Cornell HV, Allen AP, Brown JM, Bush MB, Harrison SP, Hurlbert AH, Knowlton N, Lessios HA, McCain CM, McCune AR, McPeek MA, Near TJ, Price TD, Ricklefs RE, Roy K, Sax DF, Schluter D, Sobel JM, Turelli M (2007) Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography. Ecol Lett 10:315\u2013331","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"4822_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2007.00742.x","volume":"90","author":"J Olsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olsson J, Quevedo M, Colson C, Svanb\u00e4ck R (2007) Gut length plasticity in perch: into the bowels of resource polymorphisms. Biol J Linn Soc 90:517\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2007.00742.x","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"4822_CR40","unstructured":"Parnell A, Jackson A (2013) Stable isotope analysis in R (v.4.2) https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/siar\/index.html"},{"key":"4822_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009672","volume":"5","author":"AC Parnell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parnell AC, Inger R, Bearhop S, Jackson AL (2010) Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too much variation. PLoS ONE 5:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0009672","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4822_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12929","volume":"32","author":"M P\u00e9pino","year":"2018","unstructured":"P\u00e9pino M, Magnan P, Proulx R (2018) Field evidence for a rapid adaptive plastic response in morphology and growth of littoral and pelagic brook charr: a reciprocal transplant experiment. Funct Ecol 32:161\u2013170","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"4822_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0069-5","volume":"144","author":"ME Perga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Perga ME, Gerdeaux D (2005) \u201cAre fish what they eat\u201d all year round? Oecologia 144:598\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-005-0069-5","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"4822_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377504","volume":"73","author":"L Persson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Persson L (1987) Effects of habitat and season on competitive interactions between roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis). Oecologia 73:170\u2013177","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"4822_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.05.006","volume":"25","author":"DW Pfennig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pfennig DW, Wund MA, Snell-Rood EC, Cruickshank T, Schlichting CD, Moczek AP (2010) Phenotypic plasticity\u2019s impacts on diversification and speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 25:459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2010.05.006","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4822_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[0703:USITET]2.0.CO;2","volume":"83","author":"DM Post","year":"2002","unstructured":"Post DM (2002) Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods, and assumptions. Ecology 83:703\u2013718","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"4822_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-006-0630-x","volume":"152","author":"DM Post","year":"2007","unstructured":"Post DM, Layman CA, Arrington DA, Takimoto G, Quattrochi J, Montana CG (2007) Getting to the fat of the matter: models, methods and assumptions for dealing with lipids in stable isotope analyses. Oecologia 152:179\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-006-0630-x","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"4822_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.10.014","volume":"199","author":"KC Pounder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pounder KC, Mitchell JL, Thomson JS, Pottinger TG, Sneddon LU (2018) Physiological and behavioural evaluation of common anaesthesia practices in the rainbow trout. App Anim Behav Sci 199:94\u2013102","journal-title":"App Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR49","first-page":"503","volume":"6","author":"R Proulx","year":"2004","unstructured":"Proulx R, Magnan P (2004) Contribution of phenotypic plasticity and heredity to the trophic polymorphism of lacustrine brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis M.). Evol Ecol Res 6:503\u2013522","journal-title":"Evol Ecol Res"},{"key":"4822_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002314107","volume":"107","author":"P Pysek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pysek P, Jarosik V, Hulme PE, Kuhn I, Wild J, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Chiron F, Didziulis V, Essl F, Genovesi P, Gherardi F, Hejda M, Kark S, Lambdon PW, Desprez-Loustau ML, Nentwig W, Pergl J, Poboljsaj K, Rabitsch W, Roques A, Roy DB, Shirley S, Solarz W, Vila M, Winter M (2010) Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe. PNAS 107:12157\u201312162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1002314107","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"4822_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195121834.003.0003","volume-title":"Adaptive genetic variation in the wild","author":"BW Robinson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robinson BW, Schluter D (2000) Natural selection and the evolution of adaptive genetic variation in northern freshwater fishes. In: Mousseau T, Sinvero B, Endler JA (eds) Adaptive genetic variation in the wild. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 65\u201394"},{"key":"4822_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1086\/285696","volume":"144","author":"BW Robinson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Robinson BW, Wilson DS (1994) Character release and displacement in fishes: a neglected literature. Am Nat 144:596\u2013627","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"4822_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01237641","volume":"7","author":"BW Robinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robinson BW, Wilson DS, Margosian AS, Lotito PT (1993) Ecological and morphological differentiation of pumpkinseed sunfish in lakes without bluegill sunfish. Evol Ecol 7:451\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01237641","journal-title":"Evol Ecol"},{"key":"4822_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.2307\/177342","volume":"81","author":"BW Robinson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robinson BW, Wilson DS, Margosian AS (2000) A pluralistic analysis of character release in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Ecology 81:2799\u20132812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/177342","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"4822_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12166","volume":"26","author":"C Roesch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roesch C, Lundsgaard-Hansen B, Vonlanthen P, Taverna A, Seehausen O (2013) Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish. J Evol Biol 26:1578\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jeb.12166","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1086\/282807","volume":"106","author":"J Roughgarden","year":"1972","unstructured":"Roughgarden J (1972) Evolution of niche width. Am Nat 106:683\u2013718","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"4822_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2009.01636.x","volume":"24","author":"S Rouleau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rouleau S, Gl\u00e9met H, Magnan P (2010) Effects of morphology on swimming performance in wild and laboratory crosses of brook trout ecotypes. Funct Ecol 24:310\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2009.01636.x","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"4822_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1139\/f71-071","volume":"28","author":"A Saito","year":"1971","unstructured":"Saito A, Regier LW (1971) Pigmentation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by feeding dried crustacean waste. J Fish Res Board Canada 28:509\u2013512","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Canada"},{"key":"4822_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198505235.001.0001","volume-title":"The ecology of adaptive radiation","author":"D Schluter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schluter D (2000) The ecology of adaptive radiation. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford"},{"key":"4822_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13880","volume":"26","author":"RF Schneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schneider RF, Meyer A (2017) How plasticity, genetic assimilation and cryptic genetic variation may contribute to adaptive radiations. Mol Ecol 26:330\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.13880","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"4822_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)89135-1","volume":"10","author":"S Sk\u00falason","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sk\u00falason S, Smith TB (1995) Resource polymorphisms in vertebrates. Trends Ecol Evol 10:366\u2013370","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4822_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12534","volume":"94","author":"S Sk\u00falason","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sk\u00falason S, Parsons KJ, Svanb\u00e4ck R, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen K, Ferguson MM, Adams CE, Amundsen PA, Bartels P, Bean CW, Boughman JW, Englund G, Gu\u00f0brandsson J, Hooker OE, Hudson AG, Kahilainen KK, Knudsen R, Kristj\u00e1nsson BK, Leblanc CAL, J\u00f3nsson Z, \u00d6hlund G, Smith C, Snorrason SS (2019) A way forward with eco evo devo: an extended theory of resource polymorphism with postglacial fishes as model systems. Biol Rev 94:1786\u20131808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12534","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"4822_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.111","volume":"27","author":"TB Smith","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smith TB, Sk\u00falason S (1996) Evolutionary significance of resource polymorphisms in fishes, amphibians, and birds. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 27:111\u2013133","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"4822_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/foods1010052","volume":"1","author":"IF Strati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strati IF, Sinanoglou VJ, Kora L, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S, Oreopoulou V (2012) Carotenoids from foods of plant, animal and marine origin: an efficient HPLC-DAD separation method. Foods 1:52\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods1010052","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"4822_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.0198","volume":"274","author":"R Svanb\u00e4ck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Svanb\u00e4ck R, Bolnick DI (2007) Intraspecific competition drives increased resource use diversity within a natural population. Proc Biol Sci 274:839\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2006.0198","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01236.x","volume":"47","author":"EB Taylor","year":"1993","unstructured":"Taylor EB, Bentzen P (1993) Evidence for multiple origins and sympatric divergence of trophic ecotypes of smelt (Osmerus) in northeastern North America. Evolution 47:813\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01236.x","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"4822_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1139\/f91-102","volume":"48","author":"S Tremblay","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tremblay S, Magnan P (1991) lnteractions between two distantly related species, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:857\u2013867","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"4822_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0516","volume":"4","author":"ID Trewby","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trewby ID, Wilson GJ, Delahay RJ, Walker N, Young R, Davison J, Cheeseman C, Robertson PA, Gorman ML, Mcdonald RA (2007) Experimental evidence of competitive release in sympatric carnivores. Biol Lett 4:170\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0516","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"4822_CR69","first-page":"1395","volume":"80","author":"J Vander Zanden","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vander Zanden J, Rasmussen JB (1999) Primary consumer \u03b413C and \u03b415\u00a0N and the trophic position of aquatic consumers. Ecol Monogr 80:1395\u20131404","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"4822_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.134.7","volume":"5","author":"GA Wellborn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wellborn GA, Langerhans RB (2015) Ecological opportunity and the adaptive diversification of lineages. Ecol Evol 5:176\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.134.7","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4822_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3250-4","volume-title":"Limnological analyses","author":"RG Wetzel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wetzel RG, Likens GE (2000) Limnological analyses, 3rd edn. Springer, New York","edition":"3"},{"key":"4822_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02029.x","volume":"23","author":"JB Yoder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoder JB, Clancey E, Des Roches S, Eastman JM, Gentry L, Godsoe W, Hagey TJ, Jochimsen D, Oswald BP, Robertson J, Sarver BAJ, Schenk JJ, Spear SF, Harmon LJ (2010) Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations. J Evol Biol 23:1581\u20131596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02029.x","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"4822_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12079","volume":"4","author":"N Zaccarelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaccarelli N, Bolnick DI, Mancinelli G (2013) RInSp: an r package for the analysis of individual specialization in resource use. Methods Ecol Evol 4:1018\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12079","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"}],"container-title":["Oecologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00442-020-04822-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00442-020-04822-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00442-020-04822-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T09:06:09Z","timestamp":1724403969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00442-020-04822-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-020-04822-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-8549","1432-1939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-8549","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1939","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All applicable institutional or national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This protocol was approved by the Animal Care Committee at the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res (permits #MAU-2012-1593, 2013-05-15-046-04-S-P, and 2014-04-29-031-04-S-P).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}