{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:13:19Z","timestamp":1792782799378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0550599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0550599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Smithsonian Institution Marine Science Network","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pp8nd67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program, National Museum of Natural History"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oecologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-026-05946-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:10:39Z","timestamp":1788246639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bottom-up control of coral reef sponges: for better and for worse"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5874-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janie","family":"Wulff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0485.2000.00685.x","volume":"21","author":"LAM Aerts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aerts LAM (2000) Dynamics behind stand-off interactions in three reef sponge species and the coral Montastrea cavernosa. Mar Ecol 21:191\u2013204","journal-title":"Mar Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3354\/meps148125","volume":"148","author":"LAM Aerts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aerts LAM, van Soest RW (1997) Quantification of sponge\/coral interactions in a physically stressed reef community, NE Colombia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 148:125\u2013134","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2008.05.002","volume":"79","author":"JJ Bell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bell JJ (2008) The functional roles of marine sponges. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 79:341\u2013353","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"5946_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[3128:HVNCOM]2.0.CO;2","volume":"87","author":"DE Burkepile","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burkepile DE, Hay ME (2006) Herbivore vs. nutrient control of marine primary producers: context-dependent effects. Ecology 87:3128\u20133139","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"5946_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3354\/meps129119","volume":"129","author":"MJ Butler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Butler MJ, Hunt JH, Herrnkind WF, Childress MJ, Bertelsen R, Sharp W, Mathews T, Field JM, Marshall HG (1995) Cascading disturbances in Florida Bay USA: cyanobacteria blooms, sponge mortality and implications for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 129:119\u2013125","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248","author":"J Chave","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chave J, Coomes D, Jansen S, Lewis SL, Swenson NG, Zanne AE (2009) Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. Ecol Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"5946_CR7","first-page":"63","volume":"36","author":"A Chaves-Fonnegra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chaves-Fonnegra A, Zea S, G\u00f3mez ML (2007) Abundance of the excavating sponge Cliona delitrix in relation to sewage discharge at San Andr\u00e9s Island, SW Caribbean, Colombia. Bol Invest Mar Cos 36:63\u201367","journal-title":"Bol Invest Mar Cos"},{"key":"5946_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05760-y","volume":"615","author":"Y Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai Y, Yang S, Zhao D, Hu C, Xu W, Anderson DM, Li Y, Song X-P, Boyce DG, Zheng C, Feng L (2023) Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century. Nature 615:280\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-05760-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5946_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056939","author":"PK Dayton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, Fisher JL, O\u2019Connor K, Barber JS, Robilliard G, Barry J, Thurber AR, Conlan K (2013) Recruitment, growth and mortality of an Antarctic hexactinellid sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056939","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5946_CR10","first-page":"535","volume":"69","author":"MC Diaz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Diaz MC, R\u00fctzler K (2001) Sponges: an essential component of Caribbean coral reefs. Bull Mar Sci 69:535\u2013546","journal-title":"Bull Mar Sci"},{"key":"5946_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duffy JE, Macdonald KS, Hultgren KM, Chak TCS (2013). Decline and local extinction of Caribbean eusocial shrimp. PLoS ONE 8(2):e 54637","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054637"},{"key":"5946_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571383","volume":"126","author":"M Dunlap","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dunlap M, Pawlik JR (1996) Video-monitored predation by Caribbean reef fishes on an array of mangrove and reef sponges. Mar Biol 126:117\u2013123","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"5946_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-025-04668-7","volume":"172","author":"PJ Edmunds","year":"2025","unstructured":"Edmunds PJ, Burgess SC (2025) Physiological niches of cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) in Moorea, French Polynesia. Mar Biol 172:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-025-04668-7","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"issue":"39","key":"5946_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14698","volume":"2025","author":"AM Ford","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ford AM, Grootemaat S, Towers I, Maslen B, Cornwell WK, Ooi MK, Falter DS (2023) Assessing the effect of tissue and fire-response traits on plant growth rates post-disturbance in eastern Australia. Func Ecol 2025(39):320\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2435.14698","journal-title":"Func Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.151.3708.343","volume":"151","author":"TF Goreau","year":"1966","unstructured":"Goreau TF, Hartman WD (1966) Sponge: effect on the form of reef corals. Science 151:343\u2013344","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5946_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.04.070","volume":"32","author":"Z He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Z, Webster S, He SY (2022) Growth-defense trade-offs in plants. Curr Biol 32:R634\u2013R639","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"5946_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10634","volume":"63","author":"DR Hoer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoer DR, Gibson PJ, Tommerdahl JP, Lindquist NL, Martens CS (2018) Consumption of dissolved organic carbon by Caribbean reef sponges. Limnol Oceanogr 63:337\u2013351","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"5946_CR18","unstructured":"Holmes KE (1997). Eutrophication and its effect on bioeroding sponge communities. Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:1411\u20131416."},{"key":"5946_CR19","first-page":"325","volume":"36","author":"DK Hubbard","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hubbard DK, Scaturo D (1985) Growth rates of seven species of scleractinian corals from Cane Bay and Salt River, St. Croix. USVI Bull Mar Sci 36:325\u2013338","journal-title":"USVI Bull Mar Sci"},{"key":"5946_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2012.08.001","volume":"70","author":"AS Kahn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kahn AS, Ruhl HA, Smith KL (2012) Temporal changes in deep-sea sponge populations are correlated to changes in surface climate and food supply. Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap 70:36\u201341","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap"},{"key":"5946_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3354\/meps077253","volume":"77","author":"R Klein","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klein R, Loya Y (1991) Skeletal density patterns of two Porites corals from the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 77:253\u2013259","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2005.07.010","volume":"328","author":"MP Lesser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lesser MP (2006) Benthic-pelagic coupling on coral reefs: feeding and growth of Caribbean sponges. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 328:277\u2013288","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32022","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15039","volume":"26","author":"MP Lesser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lesser MP (2020) Slattery M (2020) Will coral reef sponges be winners in the Anthropocene? Glob Change Biol 26:32022\u201333211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15039","journal-title":"Glob Change Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5946_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079799","volume":"8","author":"MP Lesser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lesser MP, Slattery M (2013) Ecology of Caribbean sponges: are top-down or bottom-up processes more important? PLoS ONE 8(11):e79799","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5946_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2009.04.007","volume":"374","author":"T-L Loh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loh T-L, Pawlik JR (2009) Bitten down to size: fish predation determines growth form of the Caribbean coral reef sponge Mycale laevis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 374:45\u201350","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321626111","volume":"111","author":"T-L Loh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loh T-L, Pawlik JR (2014) Chemical defenses and resource trade-offs structure sponge communities on Caribbean coral reefs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:4151\u20134156","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5946_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00256","volume":"5","author":"FL Lorders","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lorders FL, Miranda RJ, Anchieta J, Nunes CC, Barros F (2018) Spongivory by fishes on southwestern Atlantic coral reefs: no evidence of top-down control on sponge assemblages. Front Mar Sci 5:256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2018.00256","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5946_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3764","volume":"12","author":"KJ Macartney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macartney KJ, Abraham AC, Slattery M, Lesser MP (2021) Growth and feeding in the sponge Agelas tubulata from shallow to mesophotic depths on Grand Cayman Island. Ecosphere 12(9):e03764","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"5946_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(00)00200-8","volume":"250","author":"BA Menge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Menge BA (2000) Top-down and bottom-up community regulation in marine rocky intertidal habitats. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 250:257\u2013289","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2012.08.001","volume":"81","author":"KM Morgan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morgan KM, Kench PS (2012) Skeletal extension and calcification of reef-building corals in the central Indian Ocean. Mar Environ Res 81:78\u201382","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"5946_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16561","author":"JS Mueller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mueller JS, Grammel P-J, Bill N, Rohde S, Schupp P (2023) Mass mortality event of the giant barrel sponge Xestospongia sp.: population dynamics and size distribution in Koh Phangan, Gulf of Thailand. PeerJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.16561","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"5946_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3354\/meps127183","volume":"127","author":"JR Pawlik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pawlik JR, Chanas B, Toonen R, Fenical W (1995) Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 127:183\u2013194","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11093","volume":"519","author":"JR Pawlik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pawlik JR, McMurray SE, Erwin P, Zea S (2015) A review of evidence for food limitation of sponges on Caribbean reefs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 519:265\u2013283","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3354\/meps328093","volume":"328","author":"BJ Peterson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peterson BJ, Chester CM, Jochem FJ, Fourqurean JW (2006) Potential role of sponge communities in controlling phytoplankton blooms in Florida Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 328:93\u2013103","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2307\/1540270","volume":"141","author":"HM Reiswig","year":"1971","unstructured":"Reiswig HM (1971) Particle feeding in natural populations of three marine demosponges. Biol Bull 141:568\u2013591","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"5946_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(74)90005-7","volume":"14","author":"HM Reiswig","year":"1974","unstructured":"Reiswig HM (1974) Water transport, respiration and energetics of three tropical marine sponges. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 14:231\u2013249","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"issue":"2023","key":"5946_CR38","volume":"871","author":"M Ribes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ribes M, Yahel G, Romera-Castillo C, Mallenco R, Morganti TM, Coma R (2023) The removal of dissolved organic matter by marine sponges is a function of its composition and concentration: and in situ seasonal study of four mediterranean species. Sci Total Envir 871(2023):161991","journal-title":"Sci Total Envir"},{"key":"5946_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0485.1985.tb00142.x","volume":"6","author":"CS Rose","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rose CS, Risk MJ (1985) Increase in Cliona delitrix infestation of Montastrea cavernosa heads on organically polluted portions of the Grand Cayman fringing reef. Mar Ecol 6:345\u2013363","journal-title":"Mar Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/pre.12375","volume":"67","author":"Y Sakanishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakanishi Y, Kasai H, Enomoto K, Toda M, Tanaka J (2019) Productivity and thallus toughness trade-off relationship in marine macroalgae from the Japan Sea. Phycol Res 67:253\u2013260","journal-title":"Phycol Res"},{"key":"5946_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slattery M, Lesser MP (2015) Trophic ecology of sponges from shallow to mesophotic depths (3 to 150 m): Comment on Pawlik et al. (2015). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 527:275\u2013279.","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11307"},{"key":"5946_CR42","unstructured":"Stevely JM, Sweat DE, Bert TM, Sim-Smith, C, Kelly M (2011). Sponge mortality at Marathon and Long Key, Florida: Patterns of species response and population recovery. Proc 53rd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 63:384\u2013400."},{"key":"5946_CR43","unstructured":"Strimaitis AM (2012). Filter feeding ecology of erect branching sponges on Caribbean coral reefs. Master\u2019s Thesis, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL."},{"key":"5946_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3354\/meps323149","volume":"323","author":"GC Trussel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trussel GC, Lesser MP, Patterson MR, Genovese SJ (2006) Depth-specific differences in growth of the reef sponge Callyspongia vaginalis: role of bottom-up effects. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 323:149\u2013158","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12758","volume":"608","author":"MM Valentine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valentine MM, Butler MJ (2019) Sponges structure water-column characteristics in shallow tropical coastal ecosystems. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 608:133\u2013147","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2005.04.006","volume":"51","author":"CA Ward-Paige","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward-Paige CA, Risk MJ, Sherwood OA, Jaap WC (2005) Clionid sponge surveys on the Florida reef tract suggest land-based nutrient inputs. Mar Pollut Bull 51:570\u2013579","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"5946_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1126\/science.236.4809.1654","volume":"236","author":"CR Wilkinson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilkinson CR (1987) Interocean differences in size and nutrition of coral reef sponge populations. Science 236:1654\u20131657","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5946_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3354\/meps067285","volume":"67","author":"CR Wilkinson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wilkinson CR, Cheshire AC (1990) Comparisons of sponge populations across the Barrier Reefs of Australia and Belize: evidence for higher productivity in the Caribbean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 67:285\u2013294","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"5946_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1126\/science.214.4522.749","volume":"214","author":"JD Woodley","year":"1981","unstructured":"Woodley JD, Chornesky EA, Clifford PA, Jackson JBC, Kaufman LS, Lang JC, Pearson MP, Porter JW, Rooney MC, Rylaarsdam KW, Tunnicliffe VJ, Wahle CW, Wulff JL, Curtis ASG, Dallmeyer MD, Jupp BP, Koehl MAR, Neigel J, Sides EM (1981) Hurricane Allen\u2019s impact on Jamaican coral reefs. Science 214:749\u2013755","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5946_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301960","volume":"3","author":"JL Wulff","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wulff JL (1984) Sponge-mediated coral reef growth and rejuvenation. Coral Reefs 3:157\u2013163","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"5946_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353623","volume":"123","author":"JL Wulff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wulff JL (1995) Sponge-feeding by the Caribbean starfish Oreaster reticulatus. Mar Biol 123:313\u2013325","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"5946_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050144","volume":"129","author":"JL Wulff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wulff JL (1997) Parrotfish predation on cryptic sponges of Caribbean coral reefs. Mar Biol 129:41\u201352","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"5946_CR54","first-page":"831","volume":"69","author":"JL Wulff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wulff JL (2001) Assessing and monitoring coral reef sponges: why and how? Bull Mar Sci 69:831\u2013846","journal-title":"Bull Mar Sci"},{"key":"5946_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2005.00925.x","volume":"74","author":"JL Wulff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wulff JL (2005) Trade-offs in resistance to competitors and predators, and their effects on the diversity of tropical marine sponges. J Anim Ecol 74:313\u2013321","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01143.x","volume":"20","author":"JL Wulff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wulff JL (2006) Resistance vs. recovery: morphological strategies of coral reef sponges. Funct Ecol 20:699\u2013708","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"key":"5946_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1086\/587067","volume":"171","author":"JL Wulff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wulff JL (2008) Life history differences among coral reef sponges promote mutualism or exploitation of mutualism by influencing partner fidelity feedback. Am Nat 171:597\u2013609","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"5946_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/ict059","volume":"53","author":"J Wulff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wulff J (2013) Recovery of sponges after extreme mortality events: morphological and taxonomic patterns in regeneration vs. recruitment. Integr Comp Biol 53:512\u2013523","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"key":"5946_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-7567-0_5","volume-title":"Coral reefs at the crossroads","author":"J Wulff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wulff J (2016) Sponge contributions to the geology and biology of reefs: past, present, and future. In: Hubbard DK (ed) Coral reefs at the crossroads. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 103\u2013126"},{"key":"5946_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1754","volume":"98","author":"J Wulff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wulff J (2017) Bottom-up and top-down controls on coral reef sponges: disentangling within-habitat and between habitat processes. Ecology 98:1130\u20131139","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"5946_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/281474a0","volume":"281","author":"JL Wulff","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wulff JL, Buss LW (1979) Do sponges help hold coral reefs together? Nature 281:474\u2013475","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5946_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulff J (2021). Targeted predator defenses of sponges shape community organization and tropical marine ecosystem function. Ecol Monogr 91(2), 2021, e01438.","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1438"},{"key":"5946_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blad156","author":"J Wulff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wulff J (2023) Parallel phenotypical plasticity and divergent ecological strategies in morphologically and molecularly similar sympatric sponge species. Biol J Linn Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolinnean\/blad156","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"5946_CR64","unstructured":"Wynne SP (2017). Observational evidence of regional eutrophication in the Caribbean Sea and potential impacts on coral reef ecosystems and their management in Anguilla, BWI. Anguilla Fisheries Marine Resour Res Bulletin No.8 (2017)."},{"issue":"105","key":"5946_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4290","volume":"2024","author":"M Zaret","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zaret M, Kinkel L, Borer ET, Seabloom EW (2024) Plant growth-defense trade-offs are general across interactions with fungal, insect, and mammalian consumers. Ecology 2024(105):e4290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecy.4290","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"5946_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.18257\/raccefyn.25(97).2001.2791","volume":"25","author":"S Zea","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zea S (2001) Patterns of sponge (Porifera, Demospongiae) distribution in remote, oceanic reef complexes of the southwestern Caribbean. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc Exactas Fis Nat 25:579\u2013592","journal-title":"Rev Acad Colomb Cienc Exactas Fis Nat"},{"key":"5946_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042916-040856","volume":"68","author":"T Z\u00fcst","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z\u00fcst T, Agrawal AA (2017) Trade-offs between plant growth and defense against insect herbivory: an emerging mechanistic synthesis. Ann Rev Plant Biol 68:513\u2013534","journal-title":"Ann Rev Plant Biol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-026-05983-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000}}],"container-title":["Oecologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05946-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05946-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05946-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:45:58Z","timestamp":1792086358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05946-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05946-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-8549","1432-1939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-8549","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1939","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05983-6","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-026-05983-6","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"123"}}