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Efforts to document\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    -feather moss symbioses have historically been centered in Scandinavia and the North American Boreal forest zone. Herein we report the results of several opportunistic surveys investigating the occurrence of Nostocaceae-moss symbioses in the region of Franconia (Germany), from\n                    <jats:italic>Hylocomium splendens<\/jats:italic>\n                    of the forest floor and four moss species (\n                    <jats:italic>Orthotrichum lyellii, Zygodon dentatus, Homalia trichomanoides, Pseudoamblystegium subtile<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) located on three tree species (\n                    <jats:italic>Fagus sylvatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fraxinus excelsior<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Sorbus schuwerkiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Using culture- and microscopy-based methods, we confirm the occurrence of such symbioses in our region. Four new moss host species for the symbiosis are documented, from the epiphytic family Orthotrichaceae (\n                    <jats:italic>Orthotrichum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Zygodon<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.), and also Neckeraceae (\n                    <jats:italic>Homalia trichomanoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and Amblystegiaceae (\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudoambylstegium subtile<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). This further extends the range of known moss hosts for\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    -related organisms outside the traditional feather moss (Hypnales) and\n                    <jats:italic>Sphagnum<\/jats:italic>\n                    clades. 16S rRNA gene sequence alignments placed the moss-associated\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc-<\/jats:italic>\n                    related organisms throughout our Nostocaceae phylogeny, with no obvious single symbiotic clade. We note the presence of multiple alternate\n                    <jats:italic>nifH<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes within the genomes of our cultured\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    -related organisms, possibly enabling diazotrophy under variable ecological conditions. We also present evidence for possible endophytic colonization by cyanobacteria of stems of mosses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-026-05990-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:18:09Z","timestamp":1792757889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expanding the geographic and host range of moss-nostocacean symbioses in central Europe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9186-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Feulner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2276-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla","family":"Spieleder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0863-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic J. 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