{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:02:32Z","timestamp":1771887752604,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009100","name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UBD\/RSCH\/1.4\/FICBF(b)\/2021\/035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UBD\/RSCH\/1.4\/FICBF(b)\/2021\/035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-022-02788-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T09:04:03Z","timestamp":1663664643000},"page":"1753-1769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Understanding and combating COVID-19 using the biology and chemistry of SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8633-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mansoob","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yea-Wen","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norhayati","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monowarul Mobin","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","volume":"5","author":"AE Gorbalenya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, Haagmans BL, Lauber C, Leontovich AM, Neuman BW, Penzar D, Perlman S, Poon LLM, Samborskiy DV, Sidorov IA, Sola I, Ziebuhr J (2020) The Species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-NCoV and Naming It SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol 5(4):536\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno1010004","volume":"1","author":"N Jha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jha N, Jeyaraman M, Rachamalla M, Ojha S, Dua K, Chellappan D, Muthu S, Sharma A, Jha S, Jain R, Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Satyam R, Khan F, Pandey P, Verma N, Singh S, Roychoudhury S, Dholpuria S, Ruokolainen J, Kesari K (2021) Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches. Immuno 1(1):30\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/immuno1010004","journal-title":"Immuno"},{"issue":"10","key":"2788_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45472","volume":"16","author":"ZW Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye ZW, Yuan S, Yuen KS, Fung SY, Chan CP, Jin DY (2020) Zoonotic Origins of Human Coronaviruses. Int J Biol Sci 16(10):1686\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.45472","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2788_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112559","volume":"201","author":"SA Amin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amin SA, Jha T (2020) Fight against novel coronavirus: a perspective of medicinal chemists. Eur J Med Chem 201:112559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112559","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"174","key":"2788_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200798","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2020.0798","volume":"18","author":"MO Aydogdu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aydogdu MO, Altun E, Chung E, Ren G, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Chen B, Edirisinghe M (2021) Surface Interactions and Viability of Coronaviruses: Surface Interactions and Viability of Coronaviruses. J R Soc Interface 18(174):20200798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2020.0798","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"2788_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","volume":"24","author":"MA Shereen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R (2020) COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human Coronaviruses. J Adv Res 24:91\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2788_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s44149-021-00005-9","volume":"1","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Qiu Y, Ge X (2021) The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the nidovirales order. Anim Dis 1(5):1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44149-021-00005-9","journal-title":"Anim Dis"},{"key":"2788_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO-Convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2\u202f: China Part (14 January-10 February 2021). Jt. WHO-China Study Team Rep. 2021."},{"key":"2788_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.01.006","author":"A Escalera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Escalera A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Aslam S, Mena I, Laporte M, Pearl RL, Fossati A, Rathnasinghe R, Alshammary H, van de Guchte A, Farrugia K, Qin Y, Bouhaddou M, Kehrer T, Zuliani-Alvarez L, Meekins DA, Balaraman V, McDowell C, Richt JA, Bajic G, Sordillo EM, Dejosez M, Zwaka TP, Krogan N, Simon V, Albrecht RA, van Bakel H, Garcia-Sastre A, Aydillo T (2022) Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Link to Increased Spike Cleavage and Virus Transmission. Cell Host Microbe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2022.01.006","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.03.007","volume":"55","author":"W Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao W, Zhang W, Fang X, Yu D, Wang X (2022) Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and appropriate countermeasures. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 55(3):387\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.03.007","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2022.04.004","volume":"4","author":"S Weng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weng S, Shang J, Cheng Y, Zhou H, Ji C, Yang R, Wu A (2022) Genetic Differentiation and Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Its Early Outbreak. Biosaf Heal 4(3):171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bsheal.2022.04.004","journal-title":"Biosaf Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2022.152222","volume":"227","author":"A Goutam Mukherjee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goutam Mukherjee A, Ramesh Wanjari U, Murali R, Chaudhary U, Renu K, Madhyastha H, Iyer M, Vellingiri B, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A (2022) Omicron Variant Infection and the Associated Immunological Scenario. Immunobiology 227(3):152222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2022.152222","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2788_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c01451","volume":"62","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Wang R, Gilby NB, Wei G-W (2022) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): infectivity, vaccine breakthrough, and antibody resistance. J Chem Inf Model 62(2):412\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c01451","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"issue":"2","key":"2788_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020194","volume":"12","author":"A Parra-Lucares","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parra-Lucares A, Segura P, Rojas V, Pumarino C, Saint-Pierre G, Toro L (2022) Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the World: How Could This Happen? Life 12(2):194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12020194","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"2788_CR15","unstructured":"WHO. Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2. 2020."},{"issue":"10","key":"2788_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6330","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106330","volume":"19","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Ogata T, Shibata T, Nagai H, Takahashi Y, Kinoshita M, Matsubayashi K, Hattori S, Taniguchi C (2022) Shorter Incubation Period among COVID-19 Cases with the BA.1 Omicron Variant. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(10):6330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19106330","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab076","volume":"39","author":"SAM van Kessel","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Kessel SAM, Olde Hartman TC, Lucassen PLBJ, van Jaarsveld CHM (2022) Post-Acute and Long-COVID-19 symptoms in patients with mild diseases: a systematic review. Fam Pract 39(1):159\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fampra\/cmab076","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2788_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.014","volume":"28","author":"MS Alkodaymi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, Shaar BA, Almamlouk R, Riaz M, Obeidat M, Obeidat Y, Gerberi D, Taha RM, Kashour Z, Kashour T, Berbari EF, Alkattan K, Tleyjeh IM (2022) Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 28(5):657\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"2788_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202100127","volume":"6","author":"B Adhikari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adhikari B, Sahu N (2021) COVID-19 into chemical science perspective: chemical preventive measures and drug development. ChemistrySelect 6(9):2010\u20132028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/slct.202100127","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"issue":"8","key":"2788_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-020-02330-8","volume":"43","author":"AU Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan AU, Khan M, Cho MH, Khan MM (2020) Selected nanotechnologies and nanostructures for drug delivery nanomedicine and cure. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 43(8):1339\u20131357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-020-02330-8","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"2788_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2020-0035","volume":"11","author":"H Amawi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amawi H, Abu Deiab GI, Aljabali A, Alaa AA, Dua K, Tambuwala MM (2020) COVID-19 Pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics. Ther Deliv 11(4):245\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4155\/tde-2020-0035","journal-title":"Ther Deliv"},{"issue":"12","key":"2788_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122638","volume":"9","author":"MM Hatmal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatmal MM, Alshaer W, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Hatmal M, Smadi O, Taha MO, Oweida AJ, Boer JC, Mohamud R, Plebanski M (2020) Comprehensive structural and molecular comparison of spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and Their Interactions with ACE2. Cells 9(12):2638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9122638","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7807","key":"2788_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","volume":"581","author":"J Lan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, Shan S, Zhou H, Fan S, Zhang Q, Shi X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Wang X (2020) Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Bound to the ACE2 Receptor. Nature 581(7807):215\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2788_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","volume":"181","author":"AC Walls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, Wall A, McGuire AT, Veesler D (2020) Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell 181(2):281\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"16","key":"2788_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202100186","volume":"22","author":"J Karges","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karges J, Cohen SM (2021) Metal complexes as antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2. ChemBioChem 22(16):2600\u20132607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbic.202100186","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"2788_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591873","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.591873","volume":"7","author":"Y Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Y, Karki CB, Du D, Li H, Wang J, Sobitan A, Teng S, Tang Q, Li L (2020) Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Utilize Different Mechanisms to Bind With Human ACE2. Front Mol Biosci 7:591873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2020.591873","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2788_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.10.004","volume":"41","author":"AG Harrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrison AG, Lin T, Wang P (2020) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis. Trends Immunol 41(12):1100\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2020.10.004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2788_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000067","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202000067","volume":"4","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Ma X, Guo S, Hou C, Shi L, Zhang H, Zheng B, Liao C, Yang L, Ye L, He X (2020) A Hydrophobic-Interaction-Based Mechanism Triggers Docking between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. Glob Challenges 4(12):2000067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gch2.202000067","journal-title":"Glob Challenges"},{"issue":"12","key":"2788_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.0c01064","volume":"11","author":"M Amin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amin M, Amin M, Amin M, Sorour MK, Kasry A (2020) Comparing the binding interactions in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. J Phys Chem Lett 11(12):4897\u20134900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.0c01064","journal-title":"J Phys Chem Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"2788_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01329","volume":"4","author":"M Karmacharya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karmacharya M, Kumar S, Gulenko O, Cho YK (2021) Advances in facemasks during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. ACS Appl Bio Mater 4(5):3891\u20133908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.0c01329","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"issue":"9","key":"2788_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2020.08.001","volume":"6","author":"E Joonaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joonaki E, Hassanpouryouzband A, Heldt CL, Areo O (2020) Surface chemistry can unlock drivers of surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of environmental conditions. Chem 6(9):2135\u20132146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chempr.2020.08.001","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"2788_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110559","volume":"193","author":"M Marqu\u00e8s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marqu\u00e8s M, Domingo JL (2021) Contamination of inert surfaces by SARS-CoV-2: persistence, stability and infectivity. A Review. Environ Res. 193:110559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110559","journal-title":"A Review. Environ Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2788_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13707","volume":"68","author":"HA Aboubakr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aboubakr HA, Sharafeldin TA, Goyal SM (2021) Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: a review. Transbound Emerg Dis 68(2):296\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbed.13707","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2788_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071270","volume":"11","author":"MR Gitman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gitman MR, Shaban MV, Paniz-mondolfi AE, Sordillo EM (2021) Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia. Diagnostics 11(7):1270","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2788_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00906-z","volume":"31","author":"BD Kevadiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kevadiya BD, Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Oleynikov MD, Blomberg WR, Bajwa N, Soni D, Das S, Hasan M, Patel M, Senan AM, Gorantla S, McMillan JE, Edagwa B, Eisenberg R, Gurumurthy CB, Reid SPM, Punyadeera C, Chang L, Gendelman HE (2021) Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Mater 31(5):593\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-020-00906-z","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"2788_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2021.100415","volume":"21","author":"S Ahmadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Hooshmand SE, Bagherzadeh M, Rabiee M, Jajarmi V, Dinarvand R, Habibzadeh S, Saeb MR, Varma RS, Shokouhimehr M, Hamblin MR (2021) Green chemistry and coronavirus. Sustain Chem Pharm 21:100415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scp.2021.100415","journal-title":"Sustain Chem Pharm"},{"issue":"34","key":"2788_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.12746\/swrccc.v8i34.675","volume":"8","author":"S Rossettie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossettie S, Perry C, Pourghaed M, Zumwalt M (2020) Effectiveness of Manufactured Surgical Masks, Respirators, and Home-Made Masks in Prevention of Respiratory Infection Due to Airborne Microorganisms. Southwest Respir. Crit. Care Chronicles 8(34):11\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12746\/swrccc.v8i34.675","journal-title":"Southwest Respir. Crit. Care Chronicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.002","volume":"6","author":"A Tcharkhtchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tcharkhtchi A, Abbasnezhad N, Zarbini Seydani M, Zirak N, Farzaneh S, Shirinbayan M (2021) An Overview of filtration efficiency through the masks: mechanisms of the aerosols penetration. Bioact Mater 6(1):106\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.002","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"2788_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-020-0258-7","volume":"31","author":"K Schilling","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schilling K, Gentner DR, Wilen L, Medina A, Buehler C, Perez-Lorenzo LJ, Pollitt KJG, Bergemann R, Bernardo N, Peccia J, Wilczynski V, Lattanza L (2021) An Accessible Method for Screening Aerosol Filtration Identifies Poor-Performing Commercial Masks and Respirators. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 31:943\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-020-0258-7","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2788_CR40","first-page":"455","volume":"28","author":"G Chaudhary","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaudhary G, Chaudhry A, Malik G, Chaudhry N, Kochhar AS, Marya A, Venugopal A, Alam MK (2021) Analyzing the Effectiveness and Efficacy of Different Types of Masks and Respirators: A Review. Int Med J 28(4):455\u2013461","journal-title":"Int Med J"},{"key":"2788_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100835","volume":"12","author":"S Das","year":"2021","unstructured":"Das S, Sarkar S, Das A, Das S, Chakraborty P, Sarkar J (2021) A Comprehensive review of various categories of face masks resistant to Covid-19. Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal 12:100835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100835","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal"},{"key":"2788_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129601","volume":"272","author":"S Dharmaraj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dharmaraj S, Ashokkumar V, Hariharan S, Manibharathi A, Show PL, Chong CT, Ngamcharussrivichai C (2021) The COVID-19 Pandemic Face Mask Waste: A Blooming Threat to the Marine Environment. Chemosphere 272:129601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129601","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2788_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh D, Joshi K, Samuel A, Patra J, Mahindroo N. (2020) Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers as First Line of Defense against SARS CoV-2: A Review of Biology, Chemistry and Formulations. Epidemiol. Infect. 2020, 148. Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268820002319.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820002319"},{"issue":"24","key":"2788_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9236","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202004721","volume":"59","author":"T Opatz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Opatz T, Senn-Bilfinger J, Richert C (2020) Thoughts on what chemists can contribute to fighting SARS-CoV-2 \u2013 A short note on hand sanitizers, drug candidates and outreach. Angew Chemie - Int Ed 59(24):9236\u20139240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202004721","journal-title":"Angew Chemie - Int Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.08.020","volume":"49","author":"RA Leslie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leslie RA, Zhou SS, Macinga DR (2021) Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Am J Infect Control 49(3):401\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.08.020","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"2788_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200915","volume":"26","author":"A Kratzel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kratzel A, Kratzel A, Todt D, V\u2019kovski P, Steiner S, Steiner S, Gultom M, Gultom M, Thao TTN, Thao TTN, Ebert N, Ebert N, Holwerda M, Holwerda M, Steinmann J, Steinmann J, Niemeyer D, Dijkman R, Dijkman R, Kampf G, Drosten C, Steinmann E, Thiel V, Thiel V, Pfaender S (2020) Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols. Emerg Infect Dis 26(7):1592\u20131595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2607.200915","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2788_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.07.013","volume":"101","author":"HI Ing\u00f3lfsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ing\u00f3lfsson HI, Andersen OS (2011) Alcohol\u2019s Effects on Lipid Bilayer Properties. Biophys J 101(4):847\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.07.013","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2788_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070788","volume":"10","author":"ZA Abdulla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdulla ZA, Al-Bashir SM, Al-Salih NS, Aldamen AA, Abdulazeez MZ (2021) A Summary of the Sars-Cov-2 vaccines and technologies available or under development. Pathogens 10(7):788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10070788","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-021-00512-4","volume":"34","author":"S Kashte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kashte S, Gulbake A, El-Amin SF, Gupta A (2021) COVID-19 Vaccines: rapid development, implications challenges and future prospects. Hum Cell 34(3):711\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13577-021-00512-4","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/biologics1010002","volume":"1","author":"I Salahshoori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salahshoori I, Mobaraki-Asl N, Seyfaee A, Mirzaei Nasirabad N, Dehghan Z, Faraji M, Ganjkhani M, Babapoor A, Shadmehr SZ, Hamrang A (2021) Overview of COVID-19 disease: virology, epidemiology, prevention diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. Biologics 1(1):2\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biologics1010002","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"issue":"20","key":"2788_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-021-00291-9","volume":"15","author":"P Anand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anand P, Stahel VP (2021) Review the safety of Covid-19 MRNA vaccines: a review. Patient Saf Surg 15(20):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13037-021-00291-9","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4274\/eamr.galenos.2021.93695","volume":"37","author":"S Aydemir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aydemir S, Selvi HR, Dumlu MR, Ar\u0131ca S, \u015eim\u015fek F (2021) COVID-19 Vaccines. Eur Arch Med Res 37(3):134\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/eamr.galenos.2021.93695","journal-title":"Eur Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2788_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01480-7","volume":"81","author":"YN Lamb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lamb YN (2021) BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 vaccine: first approval. Drugs 81(4):495\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-021-01480-7","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2788_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2021.100124","volume":"12","author":"A Tavilani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tavilani A, Abbasi E, Kian Ara F, Darini A, Asefy Z (2021) COVID-19 Vaccines: current evidence and considerations. Metab Open 12:100124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metop.2021.100124","journal-title":"Metab Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2788_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100529","volume":"3","author":"VV Edara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Edara VV, Manning KE, Ellis M, Lai L, Moore KM, Foster SL, Floyd K, Davis-Gardner ME, Mantus G, Nyhoff LE, Bechnak S, Alaaeddine G, Naji A, Samaha H, Lee M, Bristow L, Gagne M, Roberts-Torres J, Henry AR, Godbole S, Grakoui A, Saxton M, Piantadosi A, Waggoner JJ, Douek DC, Rouphael N, Wrammert J, Suthar MS (2022) MRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 MRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Cell Reports Med 3(2):100529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100529","journal-title":"Cell Reports Med"},{"key":"2788_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.06.047","author":"C Korves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Korves C, Izurieta HS, Smith J, Zwain GM, Powell EI, Balajee A, Ryder K, Young-Xu Y (2022) Relative Effectiveness of Booster vs. 2-Dose MRNA Covid-19 Vaccination in the Veterans Health Administration: Self-Controlled Risk Interval Analysis. Vaccine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.06.047","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00352-y","volume":"5","author":"Y Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong Y, Dai T, Wei Y, Zhang L, Zheng M, Zhou F (2020) A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5(1):237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-00352-y","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"2788_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111324","volume":"12","author":"K Lundstrom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lundstrom K (2020) Application of viral vectors for vaccine development with a special emphasis on COVID-19. Viruses 12(11):279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12111324","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20542-0","volume":"12","author":"G Kokic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kokic G, Hillen HS, Tegunov D, Dienemann C, Seitz F, Schmitzova J, Farnung L, Siewert A, H\u00f6bartner C, Cramer P (2021) Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase stalling by remdesivir. Nat Commun 12(1):279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20542-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00626-3","volume":"27","author":"Z Niknam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niknam Z, Jafari A, Golchin A, Danesh Pouya F, Nemati M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rasmi Y (2022) Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: an update on current evidence. Eur J Med Res 27(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00626-3","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"2788_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4953","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144953","volume":"21","author":"M Blaess","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sauer M, Csuk R, Deigner HP (2020) COVID-19\/SARS-CoV-2 infection: lysosomes and lysosomotropism implicate new treatment strategies and personal risks. Int J Mol Sci 21(14):4953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21144953","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"2788_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5795","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195795","volume":"26","author":"M Imran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imran M, Arora MK, Mohammed S, Asdaq B, Khan SA, Ali AM, Al-shammeri AM, Alhazmi BD, Harshan AA (2022) Discovery, development, and patent trends on molnupiravir. Molecules 26(19):5795","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2788_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang C (2022) Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry: In Perspective to COVID-19. ACS Omega 7(22), 18206\u201318212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c01121.","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01121"},{"issue":"17","key":"2788_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9124","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179124","volume":"22","author":"B Ahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad B, Batool M, Ain QU, Kim MS, Choi S (2021) Exploring the Binding Mechanism of PF-07321332 SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitor through Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 22(17):9124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22179124","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2788_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-019-00691-6","volume":"10","author":"S Ben-Shabat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ben-Shabat S, Yarmolinsky L, Porat D, Dahan A (2020) Antiviral Effect of Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants: Applications and Drug Delivery Strategies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 10(2):354\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-019-00691-6","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"2788_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adem, S., Eyupoglu, V., Sarfraz, I., Rasul, A., Ali, M. (2020) Identification of potent COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) inhibitors from natural polyphenols: an in silico strategy unveils a hope against CORONA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202003.0333.v1.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0333.v1"},{"key":"2788_CR67","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022) COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update. World Heal. Organ. 1\u201311."},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2022.02.001","volume":"12","author":"C Isidoro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Isidoro C, Chiung-Fang Chang A, Sheen LY (2022) Natural products as a source of novel drugs for treating SARS-CoV2 Infection. J Tradit Complement Med 12(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcme.2022.02.001","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2788_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.03.005","volume":"94","author":"S Ganesan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ganesan S, Faris AN, Comstock AT, Wang Q, Nanua S, Hershenson MB, Sajjan US (2012) Quercetin inhibits rhinovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 94(3):258\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.03.005","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2788_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S318949","volume":"14","author":"F Pierro Di","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pierro Di F, IqtadarBertuccioliDerosaMaffioliTogniRivaAllegrini SAGPSAP (2021) Potential clinical benefits of quercetin in the early stage of COVID-19: results of a second, pilot, randomized, controlled and open-label clinical trial. Int J Gen Med 14:2807\u20132816","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"2788_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105051","volume":"159","author":"Q Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Q, Wu X, Zheng X, Luo S, Xu S, Weng J (2020) Targeting Inflammation and Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. Pharmacol Res 159:105051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105051","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2788_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2174\/2211738507666191024162042","volume":"8","author":"M Kheirollahpour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kheirollahpour M, Mehrabi M, Dounighi NM, Mohammadi M, Masoudi A (2020) Nanoparticles and Vaccine Development. Pharm Nanotechnol 8(1):6\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/2211738507666191024162042","journal-title":"Pharm Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2788_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408436.2021.1989665","author":"Y Al-Douri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Douri Y, Khan MM, Robert Jennings J, Abd El-Rehim AF (2021) Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for COVID-19 Detection. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408436.2021.1989665","journal-title":"Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2788_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14347","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c03252","volume":"15","author":"Y Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin Y, Su W, Zhang J, Huang W, Li X, Ma H, Tan M, Song H, Cao G, Yu S, Yu D, Jeong JH, Zhao X, Li H, Nie G, Wang H (2021) Separable Microneedle Patch to Protect and Deliver DNA Nanovaccines against COVID-19. ACS Nano 15(9):14347\u201314359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.1c03252","journal-title":"ACS Nano"}],"container-title":["Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00449-022-02788-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00449-022-02788-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00449-022-02788-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T07:04:15Z","timestamp":1666940655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00449-022-02788-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-022-02788-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-7591","1615-7605"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-7591","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-7605","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}