{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:56:05Z","timestamp":1792292165937,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-025-03212-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T15:46:08Z","timestamp":1756482368000},"page":"1765-1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Higher butanol titer and selectivity in electro-fermentation experiments with Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 are due mainly to methyl viologen rather than electrode polarization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9175-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"Beudy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Menir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6725-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadhel","family":"Ben Chaabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2236-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Th\u00e9odore","family":"Bouchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6433-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Velly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3212_CR1","unstructured":"IPCC (2022) \"Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change\". In: Shukla PR, Skea J, Slade R, Al Khourdajie A, van Diemen R, McCollum D, Pathak M, Some S, Vyas P, Fradera R, Belkacemi M, Hasija A, Lisboa G, Luz S, Malley J (eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA"},{"key":"3212_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2009.05.010","volume":"50","author":"A Demirbas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Demirbas A (2009) Biofuels securing the planet\u2019s future energy needs. Energy Convers Manage 50:2239\u20132249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2009.05.010","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"key":"3212_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.06.001","volume":"15","author":"C Jin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jin C, Yao M, Liu H et al (2011) Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:4080\u20134106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2011.06.001","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"3212_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2011.02.004","volume":"22","author":"EM Green","year":"2011","unstructured":"Green EM (2011) Fermentative production of butanol\u2013the industrial perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22:337\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2011.02.004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.10.094","volume":"239","author":"M Uyttebroek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uyttebroek M, van Hecke W, Vanbroekhoven K (2015) Sustainability metrics of 1-butanol. Catal Today 239:7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.10.094","journal-title":"Catal Today"},{"key":"3212_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200700168","volume":"2","author":"P D\u00fcrre","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u00fcrre P (2007) Biobutanol: an attractive biofuel. Biotechnol J 2:1525\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.200700168","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"3212_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.50.4.484-524.1986","volume":"50","author":"DT Jones","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jones DT, Woods DR (1986) Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited. Microbiol Rev 50:484\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mr.50.4.484-524.1986","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3212_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.01.063","volume":"242","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Tang W, Chen Y et al (2019) Potential of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as a biofuel. Fuel 242:673\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.01.063","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"3212_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.52.1.169-172.1986","volume":"52","author":"H Bahl","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bahl H, Gottwald M, Kuhn A et al (1986) Nutritional factors affecting the ratio of solvents produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:169\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.52.1.169-172.1986","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3212_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6433","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.21.6433-6438.1994","volume":"176","author":"L Girbal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Girbal L, Soucaille P (1994) Regulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum metabolism as revealed by mixed-substrate steady-state continuous cultures: role of NADH\/NAD ratio and ATP pool. J Bacteriol 176:6433\u20136438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.176.21.6433-6438.1994","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"3212_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01024638","volume":"10","author":"TS Kim","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kim TS, Kim BH (1988) Electron flow shift in Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentation by electrochemically introduced reducing equivalent. Biotechnol Lett 10:123\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01024638","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"3212_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173928","volume":"42","author":"S Peguin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peguin S, Goma G, Delorme P et al (1994) Metabolic flexibility of Clostridium acetobutylicum in response to methyl viologen addition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 42:611\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00173928","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.008","volume":"36","author":"NKN Al-Shorgani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Shorgani NKN, Kalil MS, Wan Yusoff WM et al (2015) Improvement of the butanol production selectivity and butanol to acetone ratio (B:A) by addition of electron carriers in the batch culture of a new local isolate of Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1. Anaerobe 36:65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.008","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"3212_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-6445(94)00056-5","volume":"16","author":"L Girbal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Girbal L (1995) How neutral red modified carbon and electron flow in Clostridium acetobutylicum grown in chemostat culture at neutral pH. FEMS Microbiol Rev 16:151\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-6445(94)00056-5","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3212_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01078655","volume":"8","author":"G Rao","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rao G, Mutharasan R (1986) Alcohol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum induced by methyl viologen. Biotechnol Lett 8:893\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01078655","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"3212_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.49.3.522-529.1985","volume":"49","author":"R Datta","year":"1985","unstructured":"Datta R, Zeikus JG (1985) Modulation of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation by carbon monoxide and organic acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 49:522\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.49.3.522-529.1985","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3212_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.48.4.764-770.1984","volume":"48","author":"BH Kim","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kim BH, Bellows P, Datta R et al (1984) Control of carbon and electron flow in Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations: utilization of carbon monoxide to inhibit hydrogen production and to enhance butanol yields. Appl Environ Microbiol 48:764\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.48.4.764-770.1984","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3212_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01032417","volume":"7","author":"CL Meyer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Meyer CL, McLaughlin JK, Papoutsakis ET (1985) The effect of CO on growth and product formation in batch cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Biotechnol Lett 7:37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01032417","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"3212_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01982561","volume":"24","author":"CL Meyer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Meyer CL, Roos JW, Papoutsakis ET (1986) Carbon monoxide gasing leads to alcohol production and butyrate uptake without acetone formation in continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 24:159\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01982561","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00250028","author":"L Yerushalmi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Yerushalmi L, Volesky B, Szczesny T (1985) Effect of increased hydrogen partial pressure on the acetone-butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00250028","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01571332","volume":"17","author":"AM Junelles","year":"1988","unstructured":"Junelles AM, Janati-Idrissi R, Petitdemange H et al (1988) Iron effect on acetone-butanol fermentation. Curr Microbiol 17:299\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01571332","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"3212_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3570-2","volume":"93","author":"S Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang Y et al (2012) Controlling the oxidoreduction potential of the culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum leads to an earlier initiation of solventogenesis, thus increasing solvent productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93:1021\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-011-3570-2","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700198","author":"L-J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen L-J, Wu Y-D, Xue C et al (2017) Improving fructose utilization and butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum via extracellular redox potential regulation and intracellular metabolite analysis. Biotechnol J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.201700198","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"3212_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.125708","volume":"331","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Jing Y, Wei S et al (2023) Enhancement of butanol production in Clostridium acetobutylicum SE25 through oxidation-reduction potential regulation and analysis of its metabolic mechanisms. Fuel 331:125708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.125708","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"3212_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2009.06.002","volume":"11","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Xu C, Dong F et al (2009) Disruption of the acetoacetate decarboxylase gene in solvent-producing Clostridium acetobutylicum increases the butanol ratio. Metab Eng 11:284\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymben.2009.06.002","journal-title":"Metab Eng"},{"key":"3212_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200900142","volume":"4","author":"JY Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee JY, Jang Y-S, Lee J et al (2009) Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum M5 for highly selective butanol production. Biotechnol J 4:1432\u20131440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.200900142","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"3212_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(01)95447-9","volume":"140","author":"ML Fultz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fultz ML, Durst RA (1982) Mediator compounds for the electrochemical study of biological redox systems: a compilation. Anal Chim Acta 140:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-2670(01)95447-9","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"3212_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00865a002","volume":"5","author":"BE Sobel","year":"1966","unstructured":"Sobel BE, Lovenberg W (1966) Characteristics of Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin in oxidation-reduction reactions. Biochemistry 5:6\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi00865a002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"3212_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0290(19960805)51:3<342:AID-BIT9>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"51","author":"S Peguin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peguin S, Soucaille P (1996) Modulation of metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum grown in chemostat culture in a three-electrode potentiostatic system with methyl viologen as electron carrier. Biotechnol Bioeng 51:342\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0290(19960805)51:3%3c342:AID-BIT9%3e3.0.CO;2-D","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"3212_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32269-1","volume":"13","author":"C Foulquier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foulquier C, Rivi\u00e8re A, Heulot M et al (2022) Molecular characterization of the missing electron pathways for butanol synthesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Nat Commun 13:4691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-32269-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3212_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.04.009","volume":"34","author":"R Moscoviz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moscoviz R, Toledo-Alarc\u00f3n J, Trably E et al (2016) Electro-fermentation: how to drive fermentation using electrochemical systems. Trends Biotechnol 34:856\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.04.009","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122141","volume":"294","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu J, Dong L, Zhou C et al (2019) Enhanced butanol-hydrogen coproduction by Clostridium beijerinckii with biochar as cell\u2019s carrier. Bioresour Technol 294:122141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122141","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"3212_CR33","volume-title":"Fermentation Processes","author":"C-G Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu C-G, Qin J-C, Lin Y-H (2017) Fermentation and redox potential. In: Jozala AF (ed) Fermentation Processes. InTech, London"},{"key":"3212_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201800514","volume":"14","author":"M Engel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engel M, Holtmann D, Ulber R et al (2019) Increased biobutanol production by mediator-less electro-fermentation. Biotechnol J 14:e1800514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.201800514","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"3212_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.7324","volume":"98","author":"D Molognoni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molognoni D, Vega M, de Vrije T et al (2023) Enhancing butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii through cathodic electrofermentation approach. J Chem Tech Biotech 98:856\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jctb.7324","journal-title":"J Chem Tech Biotech"},{"key":"3212_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2010.01.026","volume":"12","author":"A Cournet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cournet A, D\u00e9lia M-L, Bergel A et al (2010) Electrochemical reduction of oxygen catalyzed by a wide range of bacteria including gram-positive. Electrochem Commun 12:505\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.elecom.2010.01.026","journal-title":"Electrochem Commun"},{"key":"3212_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-015-1508-2","volume":"39","author":"A-Y He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He A-Y, Yin C-Y, Xu H et al (2016) Enhanced butanol production in a microbial electrolysis cell by Clostridium beijerinckii IB4. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39:245\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-015-1508-2","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"3212_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125097","volume":"332","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li J, Meng J et al (2021) A neutral red mediated electro-fermentation system of Clostridium beijerinckii for effective co-production of butanol and hydrogen. Bioresour Technol 332:125097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125097","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"3212_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128770","volume":"374","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li J, Yong Y-C et al (2023) Highly selective butanol production by manipulating electron flow via cathodic electro-fermentation. Bioresour Technol 374:128770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128770","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"3212_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00142035","volume":"2","author":"CT Calam","year":"1980","unstructured":"Calam CT (1980) Isolation of Clostridium acetobutylicum strains producing butanol and acetone. Biotechnol Lett 2:111\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00142035","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"3212_CR41","first-page":"101","volume":"2","author":"O Mutschlechner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mutschlechner O, Swoboda H, Gapes JR (2000) Continuous two-stage ABE-fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B592 operating with a growth rate in the first stage vessel close to its maximal value. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2:101\u2013105","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR42","first-page":"998","volume-title":"Handbook on Clostridia","author":"TC Ezeji","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ezeji TC, Qureshi N, Blaschek HP (2005) Chapter 36: industrially relevant fermentations. In: D\u00fcrre P (ed) Handbook on Clostridia. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, pp 998\u20131015"},{"key":"3212_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2012.01.001","volume":"29","author":"D H\u00f6nicke","year":"2012","unstructured":"H\u00f6nicke D, Janssen H, Grimmler C et al (2012) Global transcriptional changes of Clostridium acetobutylicum cultures with increased butanol:acetone ratios. N Biotechnol 29:485\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2012.01.001","journal-title":"N Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00134624","volume":"16","author":"S Peguin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peguin S, Delorme P, Goma G et al (1994) Enhanced alcohol yields in batch cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum using a three-electrode potentiometric system with methyl viologen as electron carrier. Biotechnol Lett 16:269\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00134624","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"3212_CR45","first-page":"95","volume":"2","author":"IS Maddox","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maddox IS, Steiner E, Hirsch S et al (2000) The cause of \u201cacid-crash\u201d and \u201cacidogenic fermentations\u201d during the batch acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE-) fermentation process. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2:95\u2013100","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3212_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00408-20","author":"F Wasels","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wasels F, Chartier G, Hocq R et al (2020) A CRISPR\/anti-CRISPR genome editing approach underlines the synergy of butanol dehydrogenases in Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792. Appl Environ Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00408-20","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3212_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2022.108355","volume":"180","author":"M Carri\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carri\u00e9 M, Velly H, Ben-Chaabane F et al (2022) Modeling fixed bed bioreactors for isopropanol and butanol production using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 immobilized on polyurethane foams. Biochem Eng J 180:108355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bej.2022.108355","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"3212_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-016-1550-8","volume":"39","author":"S-H Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee S-H, Eom M-H, Choi J-D-R et al (2016) Ex situ product recovery for enhanced butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39:695\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-016-1550-8","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"3212_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2023.108414","volume":"152","author":"C Alberto Garc\u00eda Mogoll\u00f3n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alberto Garc\u00eda Mogoll\u00f3n C, Carlos Quintero D\u00edaz J, Omar Gil Posada J (2023) Production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol by electro-fermentation with Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1\u20134. Bioelectrochemistry 152:108414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2023.108414","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"3212_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8486","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA09571E","volume":"5","author":"M Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao M, Tashiro Y, Yoshida T et al (2015) Metabolic analysis of butanol production from acetate in Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1\u20134 using 13 C tracer experiments. RSC Adv 5:8486\u20138495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C4RA09571E","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"3212_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2008.32","volume":"2","author":"MG Kalyuzhnaya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kalyuzhnaya MG, Lidstrom ME, Chistoserdova L (2008) Real-time detection of actively metabolizing microbes by redox sensing as applied to methylotroph populations in Lake Washington. ISME J 2:696\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2008.32","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"3212_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201500149","volume":"16","author":"J Baert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baert J, Delepierre A, Telek S et al (2016) Microbial population heterogeneity versus bioreactor heterogeneity: evaluation of Redox Sensor Green as an exogenous metabolic biosensor. Eng Life Sci 16:643\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/elsc.201500149","journal-title":"Eng Life Sci"},{"key":"3212_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.12.089","volume":"155","author":"T Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li T, Yan Y, He J (2014) Reducing cofactors contribute to the increase of butanol production by a wild-type Clostridium sp. strain BOH3. Bioresour Technol 155:220\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.12.089","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"3212_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-018-1024-0","volume":"11","author":"C Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang C, Xin F, Kong X-P et al (2018) Enhanced isopropanol-butanol-ethanol mixture production through manipulation of intracellular NAD(P)H level in the recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16. Biotechnol Biofuels 11:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13068-018-1024-0","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"key":"3212_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00409658","volume":"152","author":"B Meinecke","year":"1989","unstructured":"Meinecke B, Bertram J, Gottschalk G (1989) Purification and characterization of the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Clostridium acetobutylicum. Arch Microbiol 152:244\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00409658","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"3212_CR56","volume-title":"Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications","author":"AJ Bard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (2000) Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken","edition":"2"},{"key":"3212_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06961","volume":"4","author":"O Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi O, Kim T, Woo HM et al (2014) Electricity-driven metabolic shift through direct electron uptake by electroactive heterotroph Clostridium pasteurianum. Sci Rep 4:6961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep06961","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3212_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-016-0663-2","volume":"9","author":"F Kracke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kracke F, Virdis B, Bernhardt PV et al (2016) Redox dependent metabolic shift in Clostridium autoethanogenum by extracellular electron supply. Biotechnol Biofuels 9:249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13068-016-0663-2","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"}],"container-title":["Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00449-025-03212-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00449-025-03212-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00449-025-03212-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T02:34:29Z","timestamp":1758767669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00449-025-03212-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-025-03212-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-7591","1615-7605"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-7591","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-7605","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}