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Using a prospective longitudinal cohort study, external\/internal HNL and swallowing were examined in 33 participants at 3, 6 and 12\u00a0months post-CRT. External HNL was assessed using the Assessment of Lymphoedema of the Head and Neck and the MD Anderson Cancer Centre Lymphoedema Rating Scale. Internal HNL was rated using Patterson\u2019s Radiotherapy Oedema Rating Scale. Swallowing was assessed via clinical, instrumental and patient-reported measures. Associations between HNL and swallowing were examined using multivariable regression models. External HNL was prevalent at 3\u00a0months (71%), improved by 6\u00a0months (58%) and largely resolved by 12\u00a0months (10%). In contrast, moderate\/severe internal HNL was prevalent at 3\u00a0months (96%), 6\u00a0months (84%) and at 12\u00a0months (65%). More severe penetration\/aspiration and increased diet modification were associated with higher severities of external HNL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.006 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.031, respectively) and internal HNL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.007, respectively), and more diffuse internal HNL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.043 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001, respectively). Worse patient-reported swallowing outcomes were associated with a higher severity of external HNL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001) and more diffuse internal HNL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.002). External HNL largely resolves by 12\u00a0months post-CRT, but internal HNL persists. Patients with a higher severity of external and\/or internal HNL and those with more diffuse internal HNL can be expected to have more severe dysphagia.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10526-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T16:04:52Z","timestamp":1667059492000},"page":"1059-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Prospective, Longitudinal and Exploratory Study of Head and Neck Lymphoedema and Dysphagia Following Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Jeans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bena","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Vertigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Pigott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie L.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wratten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Boggess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2018.09.003","volume":"31","author":"SK Sindhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sindhu SK, Bauman JE. 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The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}