{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:56:42Z","timestamp":1787907402182,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010628","name":"Universidad de La Sabana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4007\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4007\/06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010628","name":"University of La Sabana","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dysphagia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Aspiration detected in the fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation of swallowing (FEES) has been inconsistently associated with pneumonia, with no evidence of the risk of pneumonia from other alterations in swallowing safety detected in FEES. We conducted a dynamic, ambidirectional cohort study involving 148 subjects at risk of dysphagia in a tertiary university hospital. Our aim was to determine the risk of pneumonia attributed to alterations in swallowing safety detected during FEES. We used multivariate negative binomial regression models to adjust for potential confounders. The incidence density rate (IR) of pneumonia in patients with tracheal aspiration of any consistency was 26.6\/100 people-years (RR 7.25; 95% CI: 3.50\u201314.98; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The IR was 19.7\/100 people-years (RR 7.85; 95% CI: 3.34\u201318.47; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in those with laryngeal penetration of any consistency and 18.1\/100 people-years (RR 6.24; 95% CI: 2.58\u201315.09; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in those with pharyngeal residue of any consistency. When adjusted for aspiration, the association of residue and penetration with pneumonia disappeared, suggesting that their risk of pneumonia is dependent on the presence of aspiration and that only aspiration is independently associated with pneumonia. This increased risk of pneumonia was significant in uni- and multivariate negative binomial regression models. We found an independently increased risk of pneumonia among patients with dysphagia and aspiration detected during FEES. Alterations in the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, without aspiration, did not increase the risk of pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10727-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:02:40Z","timestamp":1719986560000},"page":"282-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fiberoptic Endoscopy Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) Findings Associated with High Pneumonia Risk in a Cohort of Patients at Risk of Dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Giraldo-Cadavid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Insignares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Londo\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Galvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Leonor","family":"Rengifo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alirio R.","family":"Bastidas-Goyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10727_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.328","volume":"124","author":"PE Marik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marik PE, Kaplan D. Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia in the elderly. Chest. 2003;124:328\u201336.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10727_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.7.1200","volume":"27","author":"DG Smithard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smithard DG, O\u2019Neill PA, Park C, Morris J, Wyatt R, England R, Martin DF. Complications and outcome after acute stroke: does dysphagia matter? Stroke. 1996;27:1200\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.27.7.1200.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10727_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341256","volume":"9","author":"JE Croghan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Croghan JE, Burke EM, Caplan S, Denman S. Pilot study of 12-month outcomes of nursing home patients with aspiration on videofluoroscopy. Dysphagia. 1994;9:141\u20136.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0906-9","volume":"252","author":"GW Ickenstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ickenstein GW, Stein J, Ambrosi D, Goldstein R, Horn M, Bogdahn U. Predictors of survival after severe dysphagic stroke. J Neurol. 2005;252:1510\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-005-0906-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10727_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s004550011002","volume":"16","author":"J Low","year":"2001","unstructured":"Low J, Wyles C, Wilkinson T, Sainsbury R. The effect of compliance on clinical outcomes for patients with dysphagia on videofluoroscopy. Dysphagia. 2001;16:123\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004550011002.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn064","volume":"37","author":"N Foley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foley N, Teasell R, Salter K, Kruger E, Martino R. Dysphagia treatment post stroke: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Age Ageing. 2008;37:258\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afn064.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10727_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.05.002","volume":"21","author":"RD Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson RD. Mortality and cost of pneumonia after stroke for different risk groups. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;21:61\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.05.002.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10727_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2006.01292.x","volume":"31","author":"AM Kelly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kelly AM, Leslie P, Beale T, Payten C, Drinnan MJ. Fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and videofluoroscopy: does examination type influence perception of pharyngeal residue severity? Clin Otolaryngol. 2006;31:425\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2006.01292.x.","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10727_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199703000-00023","volume":"107","author":"CH Wu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wu CH, Hsiao TY, Chen JC, Chang YC, Lee SY. Evaluation of swallowing safety with fiberoptic endoscope: comparison with videofluoroscopic technique. Laryngoscope. 1997;107:396\u2013401.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10727_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949110000815","volume":"100","author":"SE Langmore","year":"1991","unstructured":"Langmore SE, Schatz K, Olson N. Endoscopic and videofluoroscopic evaluations of swallowing and aspiration. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1991;100:678\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10727_CR11","first-page":"1500","volume-title":"Cummings: otolaryngology: head & neck surgery","author":"JA Logemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Logemann JA. Mechanisms of normal and abnormal swallowing. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, Niparko JK, Robbins KT, Thomas JR, Lesperance MM, editors. Cummings: otolaryngology: head & neck surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015. p. 1500\u20136.","edition":"6"},{"key":"10727_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26948","volume":"60","author":"A Colli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colli A, Fraquelli M, Casazza G, Conte D, Nikolova D, Duca P, Thorlund K, Gluud C. The architecture of diagnostic research: from bench to bedside\u2013research guidelines using liver stiffness as an example. Hepatology. 2014;60:408\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.26948.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10727_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x09336144","volume":"29","author":"JG Lijmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lijmer JG, Leeflang M, Bossuyt PMM. Proposals for a phased evaluation of medical tests. Med Decis Making. 2009;29:E13-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989x09336144.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10727_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-005-0009-x","volume":"20","author":"SB Leder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leder SB, Acton LM, Lisitano HL, Murray JT. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) with and without blue-dyed food. Dysphagia. 2005;20:157\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-005-0009-x.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02116.x","volume":"37","author":"H Tohara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tohara H, Nakane A, Murata S, Mikushi S, Ouchi Y, Wakasugi Y, Takashima M, Chiba Y, Uematsu H. Inter- and intra-rater reliability in fibroptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37:884\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02116.x.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10727_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-002-0073-4","volume":"17","author":"N Colodny","year":"2002","unstructured":"Colodny N. Interjudge and intrajudge reliabilities in fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) using the penetration-aspiration scale: a replication study. Dysphagia. 2002;17:308\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-002-0073-4.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26419","volume":"127","author":"LF Giraldo-Cadavid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giraldo-Cadavid LF, Leal-Lea\u00f1o LR, Leon-Basantes GA, Bastidas AR, Garcia R, Ovalle S, Abondano-Garavito JE. Accuracy of endoscopic and videofluoroscopic evaluations of swallowing for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngoscope. 2017;127:2002\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.26419.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10727_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540220099020","volume":"51","author":"MA Holas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holas MA, DePippo KL, Reding MJ. Aspiration and relative risk of medical complications following stroke. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:1051\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10727_CR19","first-page":"409","volume":"88","author":"D Kidd","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kidd D, Lawson J, Nesbitt R, MacMahon J. The natural history and clinical consequences of aspiration in acute stroke. QJM. 1995;88:409\u201313.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10727_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.6.1801613","volume":"180","author":"L Pikus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pikus L, Levine MS, Yang YX, Rubesin SE, Katzka DA, Laufer I, Gefter WB. Videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing dysfunction and the relative risk of pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:1613\u20136.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10727_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200004000-00008","volume":"110","author":"JE Aviv","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aviv JE. Prospective, randomized outcome study of endoscopy versus modified barium swallow in patients with dysphagia. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:563\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200004000-00008.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10727_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s004550000038","volume":"16","author":"SH Lim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lim SH, Lieu PK, Phua SY, Seshadri R, Venketasubramanian N, Lee SH, Choo PW. Accuracy of bedside clinical methods compared with fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) in determining the risk of aspiration in acute stroke patients. Dysphagia. 2001;16:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004550000038.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0925-2","volume":"29","author":"S Masiero","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masiero S, Pierobon R, Previato C, Gomiero E. Pneumonia in stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: a six-month follow-up study. Neurol Sci. 2008;29:139\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-008-0925-2.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10727_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10427-3","volume":"37","author":"LF Giraldo-Cadavid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giraldo-Cadavid LF, Bastidas AR, Maldonado-Lancheros J, Gasca-Zuluaga DA, Aguilar-Farias MJ, Bohorquez-Tibavisco L. Pneumonia, mortality, and other outcomes associated with unsafe swallowing detected via fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in patients with functional oropharyngeal dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dysphagia. 2022;37:1662\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-022-10427-3.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20687","volume":"42","author":"K Weir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weir K, McMahon S, Barry L, Ware R, Masters IB, Chang AB. Oropharyngeal aspiration and pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:1024\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.20687.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10727_CR26","first-page":"973","volume":"74","author":"ER Johnson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnson ER, McKenzie SW, Sievers A. Aspiration pneumonia in stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:973\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10727_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/818979","author":"L Rofes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rofes L, Arreola V, Almirall J, Cabre M, Campins L, Garcia-Peris P, Speyer R, Clave P. Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal Dysphagia and its nutritional and respiratory complications in the elderly. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/818979.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10727_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00014","volume":"133","author":"R Gonzales","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gonzales R, Sande MA. Uncomplicated acute bronchitis. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:981\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00014.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10727_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.10.867","volume":"54","author":"N Fabregas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fabregas N, Ewig S, Torres A, El-Ebiary M, Ramirez J, de La Bellacasa JP, Bauer T, Cabello H. Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies. Thorax. 1999;54:867\u201373.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10727_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-019-10036-7","volume":"35","author":"LF Giraldo-Cadavid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giraldo-Cadavid LF, Pantoja JA, Forero YJ, Guti\u00e9rrez HM, Bastidas AR. Aspiration in the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing associated with an increased risk of mortality in a cohort of patients suspected of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2020;35:369\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-019-10036-7.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10727_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823152b1","volume":"77","author":"O Finlayson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finlayson O, Kapral M, Hall R, Asllani E, Selchen D, Saposnik G. Risk factors, inpatient care, and outcomes of pneumonia after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2011;77:1338\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823152b1.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10727_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.2.375","volume":"116","author":"J Almirall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Almirall J, Gonz\u00e1lez CA, Balanz\u00f3 X, Bol\u00edbar I. Proportion of community-acquired pneumonia cases attributable to tobacco smoking. Chest. 1999;116:375\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.116.2.375.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10727_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","volume":"44","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG. Infectious diseases society of America\/American thoracic society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/511159.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10727_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.1999.0743","volume":"94","author":"BM Farr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farr BM, Woodhead MA, Macfarlane JT, Bartlett CL, McCraken JS, Wadsworth J, Miller DL. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed by general practitioners in the community. Respir Med. 2000;94:422\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/rmed.1999.0743.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10727_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181b5f27d","volume":"20","author":"LA Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez LA, Ruig\u00f3mez A, Wallander MA, Johansson S. Acid-suppressive drugs and community-acquired pneumonia. Epidemiology. 2009;20:800\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181b5f27d.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10727_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50106.x","volume":"50","author":"T Yoneyama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yoneyama T, Yoshida M, Ohrui T, Mukaiyama H, Okamoto H, Hoshiba K, Ihara S, Yanagisawa S, Ariumi S, Morita T, Mizuno Y, Ohsawa T, Akagawa Y, Hashimoto K, Sasaki H. Oral care reduces pneumonia in older patients in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:430\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50106.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10727_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.12.099","volume":"12","author":"CD van der Maarel-Wierink","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Maarel-Wierink CD, Vanobbergen JN, Bronkhorst EM, Schols JM, de Baat C. Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in frail older people: a systematic literature review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12:344\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.12.099.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10727_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.10.002","volume":"104","author":"MJ Joo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joo MJ, Au DH, Fitzgibbon ML, Lee TA. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of pneumonia in newly diagnosed COPD. Respir Med. 2010;104:246\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.10.002.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"418\u2013425","key":"10727_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w139","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00006","volume":"152","author":"G Trifir\u00f2","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trifir\u00f2 G, Gambassi G, Sen EF, Caputi AP, Bagnardi V, Brea J, Sturkenboom MC. Association of community-acquired pneumonia with antipsychotic drug use in elderly patients: a nested case-control study. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(418\u2013425):w139-440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00006.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10727_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268810000774","volume":"138","author":"AV Samokhvalov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Samokhvalov AV, Irving HM, Rehm J. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2010;138:1789\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268810000774.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10727_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.1.61","volume":"37","author":"R Hodgson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hodgson R, Alwyn T, John B, Thom B, Smith A. The FAST alcohol screening test. Alcohol Alcohol. 2002;37:61\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/37.1.61.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10727_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90060-4","volume":"96","author":"I Koivula","year":"1994","unstructured":"Koivula I, Sten M, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 PH. Risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly. Am J Med. 1994;96:313\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90060-4.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10727_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.134.4_MeetingAbstracts.p11004","volume":"134","author":"LF Giraldo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giraldo LF, Miranda X, Barros C, Hernandez M, Martinez N, Leon MX, Rengifo ML, Estrada O, Gomez C, Escobar I. Respiratory complications in a cohort of patients at risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Chest. 2008;134: p11004.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10727_CR44","first-page":"372","volume":"13","author":"N Aiemyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aiemyen N, Pothidee T, Sopapornamorn P, Payukaparp P, Luangnam C, Suksan S, Preechasummakul P, Samnieng P. Chemical oral health care and Aspiration Pneumonia (AP) in elderly patients: a systematic literature review. J Int Dent Med Res. 2020;13:372\u20138.","journal-title":"J Int Dent Med Res"},{"key":"10727_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02286.x","volume":"39","author":"N Takahashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takahashi N, Kikutani T, Tamura F, Groher M, Kuboki T. Videoendoscopic assessment of swallowing function to predict the future incidence of pneumonia of the elderly. J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:429\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02286.x.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10727_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06010014","volume":"6","author":"J Almirall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Almirall J, Morato I, Riera F, Verdaguer A, Priu R, Coll P, Vidal J, Murgui L, Valls F, Catalan F, et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: a prospective multicentre study. Eur Respir J. 1993;6:14\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10727_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116770","volume":"137","author":"C Jokinen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, Kallinen S, Karkola K, Korppi M, Kurki S, R\u00f6nnberg PR, Sepp\u00e4 A, Soimakallio S, et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137:977\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116770.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10727_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.08.016","volume":"79","author":"J Gurberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gurberg J, Birnbaum R, Daniel SJ. Laryngeal penetration on videofluoroscopic swallowing study is associated with increased pneumonia in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79:1827\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.08.016.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10727_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530230078026","volume":"48","author":"J Horner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Horner J, Buoyer FG, Alberts MJ, Helms MJ. Dysphagia following brain-stem stroke. Clinical correlates and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:1170\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10727_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200210000-00025","volume":"112","author":"VK Nayak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nayak VK, Bhattacharyya N, Kotz T, Shapiro J. Patterns of swallowing failure following medialization in unilateral vocal fold immobility. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:1840\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200210000-00025.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10727_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900315","volume":"109","author":"CH Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu CH, Hsiao TY, Ko JY, Hsu MM. Dysphagia after radiotherapy: endoscopic examination of swallowing in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2000;109:320\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10727_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20701","volume":"120","author":"PK Ku","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ku PK, Vlantis AC, Leung SF, Lee KY, Cheung DM, Abdullah VJ, van Hasselt A, Tong MC. Laryngopharyngeal sensory deficits and impaired pharyngeal motor function predict aspiration in patients irradiated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2010;120:223\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.20701.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10727_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600817","volume":"106","author":"GM Kaye","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaye GM, Zorowitz RD, Baredes S. Role of flexible laryngoscopy in evaluating aspiration. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1997;106:705\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10727_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys142","volume":"41","author":"JP Vandenbroucke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke JP, Pearce N. Incidence rates in dynamic populations. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:1472\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dys142.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10727_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200004000-00008","author":"JE Aviv","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aviv JE. Prospective, randomized outcome study of endoscopy versus modified barium swallow in patients with dysphagia. Laryngoscope. 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200004000-00008.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10727_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(02)07451-2","volume":"359","author":"DA Grimes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet. 2002;359:248\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(02)07451-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10727_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:388\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Dysphagia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10727-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10727-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10727-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T09:11:55Z","timestamp":1737796315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10727-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10727-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0179-051X","1432-0460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0179-051X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}