{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T01:20:04Z","timestamp":1776388804791,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"start-up funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dysphagia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Motor imagery practice (MP), or visualizing performing a task without executing it, is an effective intervention for the limbs and tongue. However, MP of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and voluntary cough (VC) has not been explored. We examined the feasibility and impact of MP of VC and EMST on pulmonary and cough function in twenty community-dwelling adults. Participants underwent two baseline research evaluations of maximum expiratory and inspiratory pressure (MEP, MIP), forced vital capacity (FVC), voluntary peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and cough spirometry. After the second research evaluation, participants underwent five weeks of MP of VC or EMST (alternating assignment, 25 repetitions, 70% training load, daily) at home with weekly telehealth sessions. Participants underwent post-treatment research evaluations of MEP, MIP, FVC, PEF, cough spirometry, and the Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire (ETBQ). Treatment adherence and telehealth attendance were tracked. Descriptives and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed. MP adherence was 95% and telehealth attendance was 91%. Median (IQR) ETBQ scores were 8 (1, 15), indicating minimal burden. Across both MP groups, increases in PEF from a handheld device (+\u200913.7, 95% CI: 1.8, 25.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.03<\/jats:italic>) and from cough spirometry (+\u20090.71, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.04<\/jats:italic>) were observed. Increases in PEF from cough spirometry (+\u20091.00, 95% CI: 0.12, 1.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.04<\/jats:italic>) were observed for the MP VC group. Preliminary data demonstrate MP of VC and EMST is feasible and improves voluntary cough in community-dwelling adults. Future research is needed in larger sample sizes and patient populations with pulmonary, cough, and swallowing impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-025-10818-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:22:25Z","timestamp":1740558145000},"page":"1214-1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Motor Imagery Practice to Improve Respiratory and Cough Function"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Donohue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2021.105705","volume":"150","author":"AM Ladda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ladda AM, Lebon F, Lotze M. Using motor imagery practice for improving motor performance\u2014a review. Brain Cogn. 2021;150: 105705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandc.2021.105705.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10818_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00394","volume":"11","author":"A Moran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moran A, O\u2019Shea H. Motor imagery practice and cognitive processes. Front Psychol. 2020;11:394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00394.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.053","volume":"36","author":"B Kleber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kleber B, Birbaumer N, Veit R, Trevorrow T, Lotze M. Overt and imagined singing of an Italian aria. Neuroimage. 2007;36(3):889\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.053.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10818_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.08.111","volume":"22","author":"R Lindsay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindsay R, Spittle M, Larkin P. The effect of mental imagery on skill performance in sport: a systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22:S92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.08.111.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10818_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5651391","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5651391","volume":"2018","author":"U Marusic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marusic U, Grospr\u00eatre S, Paravlic A, Kova\u010d S, Pi\u0161ot R, Taube W. Motor imagery during action observation of locomotor tasks improves rehabilitation outcome in older adults after total hip arthroplasty. Neural Plast. 2018;2018:5651391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5651391.","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"4","key":"10818_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000200","volume":"41","author":"ZF Guerra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guerra ZF, Lucchetti ALG, Lucchetti G. Motor imagery training after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2017;41(4):205\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000200.","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10818_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-S-18-0128","volume":"62","author":"SH Szynkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Szynkiewicz SH, Nobriga CV, O\u2019Donoghue CR, Becerra BJ, LaForge G. Motor imagery practice and increased tongue strength: a case series feasibility report. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019;62(6):1676\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-S-18-0128.","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10818_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.02.010","volume":"93","author":"GA Malandraki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malandraki GA, et al. The effects of lingual intervention in a patient with inclusion body myositis and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a longitudinal case study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(8):1469\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.02.010.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10818_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.08.001","volume":"35","author":"AM Namasivayam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Namasivayam AM, Steele CM, Keller H. The effect of tongue strength on meal consumption in long term care. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(5):1078\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.08.001.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10818_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0186","volume":"26","author":"AM Namasivayam-MacDonald","year":"2017","unstructured":"Namasivayam-MacDonald AM, Burnett L, Nagy A, Waito AA, Steele CM. Effects of tongue strength training on mealtime function in long-term care. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2017;26(4):1213\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0186.","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10818_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.11.002","volume":"88","author":"J Robbins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Robbins J, et al. The effects of lingual exercise in stroke patients with dysphagia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(2):150\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.11.002.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9699-5","volume":"31","author":"CM Steele","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steele CM, et al. A randomized trial comparing two tongue-pressure resistance training protocols for post-stroke dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2016;31(3):452\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-016-9699-5.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10164-5","volume":"36","author":"SH Szynkiewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szynkiewicz SH, Kamarunas E, Drulia T, Nobriga CV, Griffin L, O\u2019Donoghue CR. A randomized controlled trial comparing physical and mental lingual exercise for healthy older adults. Dysphagia. 2021;36(3):474\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-020-10164-5.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10818_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.2022.48.1.1","volume":"48","author":"E Kamarunas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamarunas E, et al. Mental practice of lingual resistance and cortical plasticity in older adults: an exploratory fNIRS study. Int J Orofac Myol Myofunct Ther. 2022;48(1):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52010\/ijom.2022.48.1.1.","journal-title":"Int J Orofac Myol Myofunct Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.03.006","volume":"48","author":"J Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim J, Davenport P, Sapienza C. Effect of expiratory muscle strength training on elderly cough function. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48(3):361\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2008.03.006.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10818_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12382","volume":"43","author":"JS Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park JS, Oh DH, Chang MY, Kim KM. Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on oropharyngeal dysphagia in subacute stroke patients: a randomised controlled trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43(5):364\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.12382.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10818_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26845","volume":"128","author":"KA Hutcheson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hutcheson KA, et al. Expiratory muscle strength training for radiation-associated aspiration after head and neck cancer: a case series. Laryngoscope. 2018;128(5):1044\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.26845.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"10818_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.03.027","volume":"97","author":"KW Hegland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hegland KW, Davenport PW, Brandimore AE, Singletary FF, Troche MS. Rehabilitation of swallowing and cough functions following stroke: an expiratory muscle strength training trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(8):1345\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.03.027.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10818_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1389","volume":"135","author":"T Pitts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pitts T, Bolser D, Rosenbek J, Troche MS, Okun MS, Sapienza C. Impact of expiratory muscle strength training on voluntary cough and swallow function in Parkinson disease. Chest. 2009;135(5):1301\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.08-1389.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10818_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0016)","volume":"51","author":"KW Hegland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hegland KW, Rosenbek JC, Sapienza CM. Submental sEMG and hyoid movement during Mendelsohn maneuver, effortful swallow, and expiratory muscle strength training. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008;51(5):1072\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0016).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"10818_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_PERSP-20-00030","author":"C Donohue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donohue C, Coyle JL. The safety, tolerability, and impact of respiratory\u2013swallow coordination training and expiratory muscle strength training on pulmonary, cough, and swallow function surrogates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_PERSP-20-00030.","journal-title":"Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups"},{"key":"10818_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-19-00107","author":"R Mancopes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mancopes R, Smaoui S, Steele C. Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on videofluoroscopic measures of swallowing: a systematic review. AJSLP. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-19-00107.","journal-title":"AJSLP"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR23","first-page":"1013","volume":"1","author":"KK Patchett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patchett KK, Hausenblas HA, Christine M. Expiratory muscle strength training for dysphagia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Prevent Med Healthcare. 2017;1(3):1013\u201322.","journal-title":"J Prevent Med Healthcare"},{"issue":"10","key":"10818_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.342","volume":"3","author":"L Tabor-Gray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tabor-Gray L, Rosado KM, Robison R, Hegland KW, Humbert IA, Plowman EK. Respiratory training in an individual with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3(10):819\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.342.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10818_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24990","volume":"54","author":"EK Plowman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Plowman EK, et al. Impact of expiratory strength training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve. 2016;54(1):48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.24990.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"10818_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26292","volume":"59","author":"EK Plowman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plowman EK, et al. Impact of expiratory strength training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results of a randomized, sham-controlled trial. Muscle Nerve. 2019;59(1):40\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26292.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"10818_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_AJSLP-22-00063","volume":"31","author":"JS Sevitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sevitz JS, et al. Rehabilitation of airway protection in individuals with movement disorders: a telehealth feasibility study. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2022;31(6):2741\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2022_AJSLP-22-00063.","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10818_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29268","volume":"38","author":"MS Troche","year":"2023","unstructured":"Troche MS, et al. Rehabilitating cough dysfunction in parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2023;38(2):201\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29268.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10818_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-022-00509-2","volume":"200","author":"H Kaneko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaneko H, Suzuki A, Horie J. Effects of cough training and inspiratory muscle training on cough strength in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Lung. 2022;200(1):49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00408-022-00509-2.","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"10818_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10251-1","volume":"37","author":"JC Borders","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borders JC, Curtis JA, Sevitz JS, Vanegas-Arroyave N, Troche MS. Immediate effects of sensorimotor training in airway protection (smtap) on cough outcomes in progressive supranuclear palsy: a feasibility study. Dysphagia. 2022;37(1):74\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-021-10251-1.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10818_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-19-00207","volume":"63","author":"JA Curtis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Curtis JA, Dakin AE, Troche MS. Respiratory-swallow coordination training and voluntary cough skill training: a single-subject treatment study in a person with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020;63(2):472\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-19-00207.","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"10818_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32833e926f","volume":"21","author":"AJ Szameitat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Szameitat AJ, Raabe M, M\u00fcller HJ, Greenlee MW, Mour\u00e3o-Miranda J, Students NCP. Motor imagery of voluntary coughing: a functional MRI study using a support vector machine. NeuroReport. 2010;21(15):980\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32833e926f.","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10818_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.295333","volume":"16","author":"M Matsuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsuo M, et al. Comparison of cerebral activation between motor execution and motor imagery of self-feeding activity. Neural Regen Res. 2021;16(4):778\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.295333.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10818_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101420","author":"H Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong H, Chen J-J, Gikaro JM, Wang C-G, Lin F. Activation patterns of functional brain network in response to action observation-induced and non-induced motor imagery of swallowing: a pilot study. Brain Sci. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12101420.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10818_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-019-09985-w","volume":"34","author":"SE Kober","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kober SE, Gr\u00f6ssinger D, Wood G. Effects of motor imagery and visual neurofeedback on activation in the swallowing network: a real-time fMRI study. Dysphagia. 2019;34(6):879\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-019-09985-w.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10818_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ooac047","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooac047","volume":"5","author":"PA Harris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harris PA, et al. MyCap: a flexible and configurable platform for mobilizing the participant voice. JAMIA Open. 2022;5(2):ooac047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooac047.","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR37","first-page":"65","volume":"51","author":"HJ Cheung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheung HJ, Cheung L. Coaching patients during pulmonary function testing: a practical guide. Can J Respir Ther. 2015;51(3):65\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Respir Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10818_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","volume":"200","author":"BL Graham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graham BL, et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. an official american thoracic society and european respiratory society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70-88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10818_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0021711","volume":"8","author":"VC Moore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moore VC. Spirometry: step by step. Breathe. 2012;8(3):232\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0021711.","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10818_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-016-0134-5","volume":"4","author":"SA Watts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Watts SA, Tabor-Gray L, Plowman EK. To cough or not to cough? Examining the potential utility of cough testing in the clinical evaluation of swallowing. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2016;4(4):262\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40141-016-0134-5.","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10818_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.03.015","volume":"98","author":"W Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin W, Palazzo C, Poiraudeau S. Development and preliminary psychometrics of the exercise therapy burden questionnaire for patients with chronic conditions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(11):2188-95.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.03.015.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10818_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10818_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10818_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","volume":"95","author":"PA Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris PA, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95: 103208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10818_CR45","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc., JMP. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 2021."}],"container-title":["Dysphagia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00455-025-10818-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00455-025-10818-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00455-025-10818-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T14:23:06Z","timestamp":1759242186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00455-025-10818-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-025-10818-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0179-051X","1432-0460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0179-051X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no known conflicts of interest for the author.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}