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Cross-sectional study. Single-center, Level III, neonatal unit. Infants born preterm (&lt;\u200937-weeks gestational age [GA]), aged\u2009\u2265\u200935-weeks to 4-weeks corrected gestational age (CGA) at an oral feeding trial, whilst receiving NHF (&gt;\u20091\u00a0L\/min), demonstrating oral feeding readiness cues, managing oral secretions, and clinically stable. Participants underwent a clinical feeding evaluation (CFE) and videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Aspiration status was determined using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) on VFSS. Flow rate (L\/min), weight-adjusted flow rate (L\/kg\/min), and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were recorded at CFE and VFSS, with PAS data used for analysis. Twenty preterm infants, (13 males) were recruited. They were born at 24 weeks\u2009+\u20090-days to 36-weeks\u2009+\u20096-days GA, and aged 34-weeks\u2009+\u20096-days to 42-weeks\u2009+\u20095-days CGA at their CFE. One infant had suspected aspiration on CFE, and two had silent aspiration confirmed on VFSS. PAS ranged from 1 to 8 (median 2.00, interquartile range 1.00\u20132.00). Unadjusted and weight-adjusted flow rates at VFSS were 4\u20138 (mean\u00b1standard deviation 5.60\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27) L\/min and 1.2\u20133.88 (2.24\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.61) L\/kg\/min, respectively. Level of laryngeal penetration-aspiration was not correlated with flow rate (L\/min;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11) but significantly inversely correlated with weight-adjusted flow rate (L\/kg\/min;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). These early findings suggest that it may be safe to orally feed some clinically stable preterm infants receiving NHF under controlled conditions. Aspiration risk should be based upon patient-specific factors and not just from receiving NHF. However, additional research is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-026-10959-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T06:41:30Z","timestamp":1779259290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Oral Feeding and Aspiration Risk in Preterm Infants Receiving Nasal High-Flow Respiratory Support: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5042-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Weir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7616-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angie","family":"Canning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7444-1498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manbir","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8880-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy","family":"Frakking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1727-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Fairhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert S.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith","family":"Grimwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10959_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.04.007","volume":"103","author":"K Dysart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dysart K, et al. 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