{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T23:03:17Z","timestamp":1771023797592,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001831","name":"Delft University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Endosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Laparoscopy has reduced tactile and visual feedback compared to open surgery. There is increasing evidence that visual and haptic information converge to form a more robust mental representation of an object. We investigated whether tactile exploration of an object prior to executing a laparoscopic action on it improves performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective cohort study with 20 medical students randomized in two different groups was conducted. A silicone ileocecal model, on which a laparoscopic action had to be performed, was used inside an outside a ForceSense box trainer. During the pre-test, students either did a combined manual and visual exploration or only visual exploration of the caecum model. To track performance during the trials of the study we used force, motion and time parameters as representatives of technical skills development. The final trial data were used for statistical comparison between groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All included time and motion parameters did not show any clear differences between groups. However, the force parameters Mean force non-zero (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009004), Maximal force (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) Maximal impulse (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), Force volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and SD force (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) showed significant lower values in favour of the tactile exploration group for the final trials.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>By adding haptic\u00a0sensation to the existing visual information during training of laparoscopic tasks on life-like models, tissue manipulation skills improve during training.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07898-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T18:15:24Z","timestamp":1598984124000},"page":"4175-4182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Haptic exploration improves performance of a laparoscopic training task"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roelf R.","family":"Postema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonie A.","family":"van Gastel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sem F.","family":"Hardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Jaap","family":"Bonjer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Horeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7898_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2004.1274062","volume":"24","author":"C Basdogan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Basdogan C, De S, Kim J, Muniyandi M, Kim H, Srinivasan M (2004) Haptics in minimally invasive surgical simulation and training. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 24(2):56\u201364","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Graph Appl"},{"key":"7898_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4411-7","volume":"29","author":"HR Zahiri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zahiri HR, Park AE, Pugh CM, Vassiliou M, Voeller G (2015) See one, do one, teach one: inadequacies of current methods to train surgeons in hernia repair. Surg Endosc 29:2867\u20132892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-015-4411-7","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"7898_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2007.057190","volume":"83","author":"AN Hopper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hopper AN, Jamison MH, Lewis WG (2007) Learning curves in surgical practice. Postgrad Med J 83:777\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.2007.057190","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"13","key":"7898_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03146.x","volume":"118","author":"HW Schreuder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreuder HW et al (2011) Laparoscopic skills training using inexpensive box trainers: which exercises to choose when constructing a validated training course. BJOG 118(13):1576\u20131584","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"7898_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2290052","volume":"61","author":"T Horeman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horeman T et al (2014) Assessment of laparoscopic skills based on force and motion parameters. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 61(3):805\u2013813","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"7898_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4617-8","volume":"30","author":"O Bellorin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellorin O, Kundel A, Sharma S, Ramirez-Vallderrama A, Lee P (2016) Training model for laparoscopic Heller and Dor fundoplication: a tool for laparoscopic skills training and assessment-construct validity using the GOALS score. Surg Endosc 30:3654\u20133660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-015-4617-8","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"7898_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.9.861","volume":"282","author":"SB Issenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Issenberg SB, Mcgaghie WC, Hart IR et al (1999) Simulation technology for health care professional skills training and assessment. JAMA 282:861\u2013866","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7898_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5021-8","volume":"30","author":"GV Bernier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bernier GV, Sanchez JE (2016) Surgical simulation: the value of individualization. Surg Endosc 30:3191\u20133197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-016-5021-8","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"7898_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2010.11.008","volume":"202","author":"L Beyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beyer L, Troyer J, Mancini J, Bladoe F, Berdah S, Karsenty G (2011) Impact of laparoscopy simulator training on the technical skills of future surgeons in the operating room: a prospective study. Am J Surg 202:265\u2013272","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"7898_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000251575.95171.b3","volume":"245","author":"M Immenroth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Immenroth M, Burger T, Brenner J, Nagelschmidt M, Eberspacher H, Troidl H (2007) Mental training in surgical education: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 245:385\u2013391","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"7898_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2011.07.011","volume":"69","author":"M Mulla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mulla M, Sharma D, Moghul M, Kailani O, Dockery J, Ayis S, Grange P (2012) Learning basic laparoscopic skills: a randomized controlled study comparing box trainer, virtual reality simulator, and mental training. J Surg Educ 69:190\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsurg.2011.07.011","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"7898_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5623-9","volume":"31","author":"CCJ Alleblas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alleblas CCJ, Vleugels MPH, Coppus SFPJ, Nieboer TE (2017) The effects of laparoscopic graspers with enhanced haptic feedback on applied forces: a randomized comparison with conventional graspers. Surg Endosc 31:5411\u20135417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-017-5623-9","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"7898_CR13","first-page":"179","volume-title":"The neural bases of multisensory processes","author":"S Lacey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lacey S, Sathian K (2012) Representation of object form in vision and touch. In: Murray MM, Wallace MT (eds) The neural bases of multisensory processes. CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, pp 179\u2013188"},{"issue":"10","key":"7898_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025599","volume":"6","author":"M Gori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gori M, Sciutti A, Burr D, Sandini G (2011) Direct and indirect haptic calibration of visual size judgments. PLoS ONE 6(10):e25599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0025599","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7898_CR15","unstructured":"Keehner M, Lowe RK (2020) Seeing with the hands and with the eyes: the contributions of haptic cues to anatomical shape recognition in surgery. In AAAI Spring Symposium: Cognitive shape processing, Stanford, California, 22\u201324 March 2010"},{"key":"7898_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1037\/cjep2007025","volume":"61","author":"MO Ernst","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ernst MO, Lange C, Newell FN (2007) Multisensory recognition of actively explored objects. Can J Exp Psychol 61:242\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cjep2007025","journal-title":"Can J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"7898_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.04.018","author":"L Panait","year":"2009","unstructured":"Panait L, Akkary E, Bell RL, Roberts KE, Dudrick SJ, Duffy AJ (2009) The role of haptic feedback in laparoscopic simulation training. J Surg Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2009.04.018","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"7898_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2011.68","volume":"5","author":"D Greenwald","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greenwald D, Cao CGL, Bushnell EW (2012) Haptic detection of artificial tumours by hand and with a tool in a MIS environment. IEEE Trans Haptics 5:131\u2013138","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Haptics"},{"key":"7898_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3887-x","volume":"29","author":"MS Raghu Prasad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raghu Prasad MS, Manivannan M, Chandramohan SM (2015) Effects of laparoscopic instrument and finger on force perception: a first step towards laparoscopic force-skills training. Surg Endosc 29:1927\u20131943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-014-3887-x","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"7898_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-9153-2","volume":"18","author":"EAM Heijnsdijk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heijnsdijk EAM, De Visser H, Dankelman J, Gouma DJ (2004) Slip and damage properties of jaws of laparoscopic graspers. Surg Endosc 18(6):974\u2013979","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"7898_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364907082847","volume":"26","author":"S De","year":"2007","unstructured":"De S, Rosen J, Dagan A, Hannaford B, Swanson P, Sinanan M (2007) Assessment of tissue damage due to mechanical stresses. Int J Robotics Res 26(11\u201312):1159\u20131171","journal-title":"Int J Robotics Res"},{"key":"7898_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.06.008","volume":"76","author":"EM Overtoom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Overtoom EM, Horeman T, Janssen FW, Dankelman J, Schreuder HWR (2019) Haptic feedback, force feedback, and force-sensing in simulation training for laparoscopy: a systematic overview. J Surg Edu 76:242\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2018.06.008","journal-title":"J Surg Edu"},{"key":"7898_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3442-9","volume":"28","author":"AL Trejos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trejos AL, Patel RV, Malthaner RA, Schlachta CM (2014) Development of force based metrics for skills assessment in minimally invasive surgery. Surg Endosc 28:2106\u20132119","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"}],"container-title":["Surgical Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-020-07898-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00464-020-07898-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-020-07898-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T02:15:39Z","timestamp":1630462539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00464-020-07898-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["7898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-020-07898-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-2794","1432-2218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-2794","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Applied Medical Europe, The Netherlands provided the anatomical models used in this research free of charge. Applied Medical Europe BV had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of this report, and the decision to submit the article for publication. MediShield BV provided a ForceSense.Net research account to conduct, store and analyse the data in this study. The support did not create a conflict of interest regarding all parts of the study. Roelf Postema, Leonie van Gastel, Sem Hardon, Jaap Bonjer and Tim Horeman declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}