{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:48:14Z","timestamp":1790200094761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Endosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy has several advantages over transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy regarding operating time, blood loss, postoperative pain, and recovery. However, postoperatively several patients report chronic pain or hypoesthesia. We hypothesized that these symptoms may be the result of damage to the subcostal nerve, because it passes the surgical area.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective single-center case series was performed in adult patients without preoperative pain or numbness of the abdominal wall who underwent unilateral posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. Patients received pre- and postoperative questionnaires and a high-resolution ultrasound scan of the subcostal nerve and abdominal wall muscles was performed before and directly after surgery. Clinical evaluation at 6 weeks was performed with repeat questionnaires, physical examination, and high-resolution ultrasound. Long-term recovery was evaluated with questionnaires, and photographs from the patients were examined for abdominal wall asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 25 patients were included in the study. There were no surgical complications. Preoperative visualization of the subcostal nerve was possible in all patients. At 6 weeks, ultrasound showed nerve damage in 15 patients, with no significant association between nerve damage and postsurgical pain. However, there was a significant association between nerve damage and hypoesthesia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), sensory (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and motor (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) dysfunction on physical examination. After a median follow-up of 18 months, 5 patients still experienced either numbness or muscle weakness, and one patient experienced chronic postsurgical pain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this exporatory case series the incidence of postoperative damage to the subcostal nerve, both clinically and radiologically, was 60% after posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. There was no association with pain, and the spontaneous recovery rate was high.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-10836-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T17:01:47Z","timestamp":1713286907000},"page":"3145-3155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A prospective case series to evaluate subcostal nerve injury with high-resolution ultrasound in posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0923-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allon","family":"van Uitert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein A.","family":"Chaman-Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selina E. I.","family":"van der Wal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoye","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juerd","family":"Wijntjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri J. L. M.","family":"Timmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Alfred","family":"Witjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nens","family":"van Alfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan F.","family":"Langenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10836_CR1","first-page":"259","volume":"76","author":"DD Gaur","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gaur DD (1994) Retroperitoneoscopy: the balloon technique. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 76(4):259\u2013263","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"7","key":"10836_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900117","volume":"20","author":"MK Walz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Walz MK, Peitgen K, Hoermann R, Giebler RM, Mann K, Eigler FW (1996) Posterior retroperitoneoscopy as a new minimally invasive approach for adrenalectomy: results of 30 adrenalectomies in 27 patients. World J Surg 20(7):769\u2013774","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10836_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000982","volume":"260","author":"M Barczy\u0144ski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barczy\u0144ski M, Konturek A, Nowak W (2014) Randomized clinical trial of posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy versus lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy with a 5-year follow-up. Ann Surg 260(5):740","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10836_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.07.039","volume":"140","author":"MK Walz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Walz MK, Alesina PF, Wenger FA, Deligiannis A, Szuczik E, Petersenn S et al (2006) Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy\u2013results of 560 procedures in 520 patients. Surgery 140(6):943","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10836_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01696-4","volume":"22","author":"EV van Helden","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Helden EV, van Uitert A, Albers KI, Steegers MAH, Timmers H, d\u2019Ancona FCH et al (2022) Chronic postsurgical pain after minimally invasive adrenalectomy: prevalence and impact on quality of life. BMC Anesthesiol 22(1):153","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"9522","key":"10836_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X","volume":"367","author":"H Kehlet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ (2006) Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet 367(9522):1618\u20131625","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10836_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182701a7b","volume":"257","author":"D Borsook","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borsook D, Kussman BD, George E, Becerra LR, Burke DW (2013) Surgically induced neuropathic pain: understanding the perioperative process. Ann Surg 257(3):403\u2013412","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10836_CR8","unstructured":"Gray H (2013) Gray\u2019s anatomy: with original illustrations by Henry Carter: Arcturus Publishing. 40th edn, 2008, pp 1060"},{"key":"10836_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00227","volume":"7","author":"M Caffarini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caffarini M, Armeni T, Pellegrino P, Cianfruglia L, Martino M, Offidani A et al (2019) Cushing syndrome: the role of MSCs in wound healing, immunosuppression, comorbidities, and antioxidant imbalance. Front Cell Dev Biol 7:227","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10836_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90027-3","volume":"30","author":"K Vanderiet","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vanderiet K, Adriaensen H, Carton H, Vertommen H (1987) The McGill Pain Questionnaire constructed for the Dutch language (MPQ-DV). Preliminary data concerning reliability and validity. Pain 30(3):395\u2013408","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10836_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","volume":"7","author":"MJL Sullivan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J (1995) The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychol Assess 7:524\u2013532","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"10836_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21009","volume":"37","author":"MS Cartwright","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cartwright MS, Passmore LV, Yoon JS, Brown ME, Caress JB, Walker FO (2008) Cross-sectional area reference values for nerve ultrasonography. Muscle Nerve 37(5):566\u2013571","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10836_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.11.005","volume":"84","author":"RA Agha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agha RA, Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Franchi T, Kerwan A, O\u2019Neill N (2020) The PROCESS 2020 guideline: updating consensus preferred reporting Of CasE series in surgery (PROCESS) guidelines. Int J Surg 84:231\u2013235","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"4260","key":"10836_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4260.237","volume":"2","author":"HJ Seddon","year":"1942","unstructured":"Seddon HJ (1942) A classification of nerve injuries. Br Med J 2(4260):237\u2013239","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10836_CR15","first-page":"9","volume":"5","author":"S Saidha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saidha S, Spillane J, Mullins G, McNamara B (2010) Spectrum of peripheral neuropathies associated with surgical interventions; a neurophysiological assessment. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 5:9","journal-title":"J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"2","key":"10836_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.120","volume":"186","author":"T van der Graaf","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Graaf T, Verhagen PC, Kerver AL, Kleinrensink GJ (2011) Surgical anatomy of the 10th and 11th intercostal, and subcostal nerves: prevention of damage during lumbotomy. J Urol 186(2):579\u2013583","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10836_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.055","volume":"104","author":"F Alonso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alonso F, Graham R, Rustagi T, Drazin D, Loukas M, Oskouian RJ et al (2017) The subcostal nerve during lateral approaches to the lumbar spine: an anatomical study with relevance for injury avoidance and postoperative complications such as abdominal wall hernia. World Neurosurg 104:669\u2013673","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10836_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-017-0863-7","volume":"41","author":"NA Abel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abel NA, Januszewski J, Vivas AC, Uribe JS (2018) Femoral nerve and lumbar plexus injury after minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach: electrodiagnostic prognostic indicators and a roadmap to recovery. Neurosurg Rev 41(2):457\u2013464","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10836_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151592","volume":"233","author":"K Tokita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tokita K, Anetai H, Kojima R, Banneheka S, Aizawa Y, Naito M et al (2021) Relationship of segmental variations in the human lumbar plexus to the length of the 12th rib. Ann Anat 233:151592","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10836_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.04.017","volume":"44","author":"L Ozel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozel L, Marur T, Unal E, Kara M, Erdo\u011fdu E, Demir T et al (2012) Avoiding abdominal flank bulge after lumbotomy incision: cadaveric study and ultrasonographic investigation. Transplant Proc 44(6):1618\u20131622","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10836_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-009-0473-6","volume":"13","author":"GH van Ramshorst","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Ramshorst GH, Kleinrensink GJ, Hermans JJ, Terkivatan T, Lange JF (2009) Abdominal wall paresis as a complication of laparoscopic surgery. Hernia 13(5):539\u2013543","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10836_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-004-7667-y","volume":"28","author":"MK Walz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walz MK, Peitgen K, Diesing D, Petersenn S, Janssen OE, Philipp T et al (2004) Partial versus total adrenalectomy by the posterior retroperitoneoscopic approach: early and long-term results of 325 consecutive procedures in primary adrenal neoplasias. World J Surg 28(12):1323\u20131329","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10836_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.014","author":"C Dual\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dual\u00e9 C, Ouchchane L, Schoeffler P, Dubray C (2014) Neuropathic aspects of persistent postsurgical pain: a French multicenter survey with a 6-month prospective follow-up. J Pain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10836_CR24","first-page":"Doc07","volume":"11","author":"H Nasseh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nasseh H, Pourreza F, Saberi A, Kazemnejad E, Kalantari BB, Falahatkar S (2013) Focal neuropathies following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)\u2013preliminary study. Ger Med Sci 11:Doc07","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10836_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15350","volume":"19","author":"MHD Bruintjes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bruintjes MHD, van Helden EV, de Vries M, Wirken L, Evers AWM, van Middendorp H et al (2019) Chronic pain following laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy: prevalence and impact on quality of life. Am J Transplant 19(10):2825\u20132832","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10836_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-021-00611-w","volume":"25","author":"M Lughi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lughi M, Cevolani M, Testi G, Piraccini E, Lijoi F (2022) Anterior ankle arthroscopy: advantage of a preoperative ultrasound mapping to prevent neurovascular complications. J Ultrasound 25(4):831\u2013836","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"}],"container-title":["Surgical Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-024-10836-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00464-024-10836-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-024-10836-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T20:39:39Z","timestamp":1716928779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00464-024-10836-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-024-10836-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-2794","1432-2218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-2794","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Allon van Uitert, Hossein A. Chaman-Baz, Selina E.I. van der Wal, Xiaoye Zhu, Juerd Wijntjes, Henri J.L.M. Timmers, J. Alfred Witjes, and Johan F. Langenhuijsen have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Nens van Alfen works as an ultrasound consultant for Sonoskills and performs editorial duties for Wiley Publishing; all payments go to the employer.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}