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This study aimed to develop a hemi-hepatic ischemia model for assessing liver ischemia using single snapshot imaging of optical properties (SSOP), a noninvasive optical imaging modality that provides real-time measurements of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twelve swine were randomly assigned to two groups: One undergoing total vascular inflow occlusion (TVIO) and the other undergoing hepatic artery occlusion (HAO). Preoperative 3D CT scans were used to locate the left-sided hepatic arteries and portal veins, which were clamped during surgery. Real-time SSOP imaging was conducted to measure StO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in three lobes\u2014the left lateral lobe (LL), left medial lobe (LM), and right medial lobe (RM)\u2014as well as capillary lactate levels and Doppler blood flow. Measurements were recorded at baseline (T0), during ischemia (T1, 30\u00a0min after clamping), and during reperfusion (T2, 30\u00a0min after declamping).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the TVIO group, SSOP imaging revealed a distinct demarcation line on the liver surface. StO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels measured by SSOP significantly decreased from T0 to T1, dropping by 29.8% in the LL (46.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1 vs. 16.2\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.011) and 36.3% in the LM (42.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9 vs. 6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0%, p\u2009=\u20090.001). Additionally, capillary lactate levels increased substantially in the LL (1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. 8.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u00a0mmol\/L, p\u2009=\u20090.041) and in the LM (1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. 8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0mmol\/L, p\u2009=\u20090.021). In contrast, the HAO group showed a less pronounced reduction in StO2: 13.6% in the LL (32.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4 vs. 19.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4%, p\u2009=\u20090.007) and 19.8% in the LM (35.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2 vs. 15.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8%, p\u2009=\u20090.011), with no significant increase in capillary lactate levels. An inverse correlation was found between StO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and capillary lactate levels (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.76, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SSOP is a real-time, contrast-free imaging technique that effectively evaluates liver ischemia by accurately measuring tissue oxygenation, as validated by perfusion biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11435-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T15:47:45Z","timestamp":1733327265000},"page":"898-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantification of hemi-hepatic ischemia using real-time multispectral oxygenation imaging with single snapshot imaging of optical properties (SSOP)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4284-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Mishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Goglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Baratelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Carlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Famularo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariosto","family":"Hernandez-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Reitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Lapergola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Marescaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"De Mathelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Felli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Gioux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"11435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000171307.37401.db","volume":"242","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Kokudo N, Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Aoki T, Minagawa M, Sano K, Sugawara Y, Takayama T, Makuuchi M (2005) Prognostic impact of anatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. 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Michele Diana is paid a consulting fee by Intuirive Surgical and Luca Baratelli, Arturo Pardo, Sylvain Gioux is a full time employee of Intuitive Surgical and hold shares in the company.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}