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Data were analyzed using R (V.4.2.3) and Stata (V.17.0).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 12 RCTs were included, which involved 3284 patients and two treatment methods for common bile duct stones, namely ESBD and EPBD. There are ten balloon dilation durations in total. Among them, there are six balloon dilation durations (0\u00a0s, 5\u00a0s, 30\u00a0s, 60\u00a0s, 180\u00a0s, 300\u00a0s) in the ESBD group and four balloon dilation durations (20\u00a0s, 60\u00a0s, 180\u00a0s, 300\u00a0s) in the EPBD group. The network meta-analysis showed no statistical difference among different balloon dilation durations in the ESBD group. In EPBD, the 180\u00a0s group had a lower incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis than the 20\u00a0s (OR\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.00\u20130.11), 60\u00a0s (OR\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.00\u20130.06), and 300\u00a0s (OR\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.00\u20130.29) groups. Regarding the success rate of stone removal in EPBD, compared with the 180\u00a0s group, the success rate of stone removal in the 20\u00a0s (OR\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.00\u20130.60), 60\u00a0s (OR\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.00\u20130.28), and 300\u00a0s (OR\u2009=\u20090.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.00\u20130.20) groups was significantly lower. The results of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve showed that 180\u00a0s was the optimal balloon dilation duration, both in ESBD and EPBD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results of network meta-analysis show that the optimal balloon dilation duration in ESBD and EPBD may be 180\u00a0s. Further direct comparison studies and longer-term follow-up are needed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-12168-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:29:34Z","timestamp":1756996174000},"page":"6383-6392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative efficacy of balloon dilatation duration on patients with choledocholithiasis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis and systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxian","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"12168_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16024","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.24","volume":"2","author":"F Lammert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lammert F, Gurusamy K, Ko CW, Miquel JF, M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez N, Portincasa P, van Erpecum KJ, van Laarhoven CJ, Wang DQ (2016) Gallstones. 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