{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:08:32Z","timestamp":1782860912792,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Endosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis use has been associated with delayed gastric emptying and may worsen symptoms in patients with gastroparesis. However, its impact on postoperative outcomes after surgical treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative outcomes among patients with and without preoperative cannabis use undergoing surgical intervention for gastroparesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX federated electronic medical record database. Adults with gastroparesis who underwent pyloric drainage surgery or gastric stimulator placement were stratified by cannabis use (ICD-10 F12) prior to surgery. Outcomes were assessed over the first 90\u00a0days and up to 5\u00a0years postoperatively. Statistical comparisons included risk analysis, Kaplan\u2013Meier survival, and number of instances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study cohort consisted of 1,572 patients, including 108 (6.9%) with documented preoperative cannabis use. Patients with cannabis use were younger (39.8 vs 44.6\u00a0years, p\u2009=\u20090.002) and had higher rates of diabetes (56.5% vs 45.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.033), GERD (77.7% vs 65.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.014), nausea\/vomiting (85.2% vs 59.4%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and abdominal pain (73.1% vs 50.2%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Within 90\u00a0days of surgery, cannabis users experienced higher rates of reintervention (9.3% vs 1.2%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and inpatient admissions (32.4% vs 23.7%, p\u2009=\u20090.042), but fewer clinic visits (37.0% vs 54.5%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). By 5 years, cannabis users demonstrated persistently greater inpatient utilization with higher hospital admission rates (59.3% vs 41.0%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and shorter time to first admission (log-rank p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Outpatient engagement was significantly lower, with fewer patients attending follow-up (54.6% vs 76.2%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), fewer total clinic encounters (8.1 vs 12.3, p\u2009=\u20090.045), and longer time to first clinic visit (log-rank p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Rates of gastrectomy (0.0% vs 0.7%, p\u2009=\u20090.541) and late reintervention (12.0% vs 11.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.808) were similar between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative cannabis use is associated with a greater symptom burden, increased early reintervention, reduced outpatient engagement, and greater long-term healthcare utilization after surgical intervention for gastroparesis. These patients may represent a more symptomatic population and may benefit from closer follow-up to reduce readmissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-12558-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T16:48:28Z","timestamp":1768927708000},"page":"2985-2993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of preoperative cannabis use on outcomes following surgical intervention for gastroparesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sven E.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Zarrineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8113-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahin","family":"Ayazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"12558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.373","volume":"108","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Camilleri M, Parkman HP, Shafi MA, Abell TL, Gerson L (2013) Clinical guideline: management of gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol 108:18\u201337","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"12558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.003","volume":"9","author":"PJ Pasricha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pasricha PJ, Colvin R, Yates K, Hasler WL, Abell TL, \u00dcnalp\u2013Arida A, Nguyen L, Farrugia G, Koch KL, Parkman HP, Snape WJ, Lee L, Tonascia J, Hamilton F (2011) Characteristics of patients with chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting and normal gastric emptying. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:567-576.e564","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"12558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001874","volume":"117","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Camilleri M, Kuo B, Nguyen L, Vaughn VM, Petrey J, Greer K, Yadlapati R, Abell TL (2022) ACG clinical guideline: gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol 117:1197\u20131220","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"12558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4428","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i24.4428","volume":"23","author":"V Wadhwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wadhwa V, Mehta D, Jobanputra Y, Lopez R, Thota PN, Sanaka MR (2017) Healthcare utilization and costs associated with gastroparesis. World J Gastroenterol 23:4428","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"12558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i8.909","volume":"25","author":"P Mekaroonkamol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mekaroonkamol P, Shah R, Cai Q (2019) Outcomes of per oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy in gastroparesis worldwide. World J Gastroenterol 25:909\u2013922","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"12558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4385-5","volume":"30","author":"AL Shada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shada AL, Dunst CM, Pescarus R, Speer EA, Cassera M, Reavis KM, Swanstrom LL (2015) Laparoscopic pyloroplasty is a safe and effective first-line surgical therapy for refractory gastroparesis. Surg Endosc 30:1326\u20131332","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.198","volume":"43","author":"DS Hasin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hasin DS (2017) US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems. Neuropsychopharmacology 43:195\u2013212","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"12558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30208-5","volume":"3","author":"WM Compton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Compton WM, Han B, Jones CM, Blanco C, Hughes A (2016) Marijuana use and use disorders in adults in the USA, 2002\u201314: analysis of annual cross-sectional surveys. Lancet Psychiatry 3:954\u2013964","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"12558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00834.x","volume":"18","author":"T Esfandyari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Esfandyari T, Camilleri M, Ferber I, Burton D, Baxter K, Zinsmeister AR (2006) Effect of a cannabinoid agonist on gastrointestinal transit and postprandial satiation in healthy human subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 18:831\u2013838","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"12558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.036","volume":"141","author":"BS Wong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong BS, Camilleri M, Busciglio I, Carlson P, Szarka LA, Burton D, Zinsmeister AR (2011) Pharmacogenetic trial of a cannabinoid agonist shows reduced fasting colonic motility in patients with nonconstipated irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 141:1638-1647.e1637","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"12558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0595-z","volume":"13","author":"CJ Sorensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sorensen CJ, DeSanto K, Borgelt L, Phillips KT, Monte AA (2016) Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment\u2014a systematic review. J Med Toxicol 13:71\u201387","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"12558_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2019.052","volume":"119","author":"MA Twardowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Twardowski MA, Link MM, Twardowski NM (2019) Effects of cannabis use on sedation requirements for endoscopic procedures. J Osteopath Med 119:307\u2013311","journal-title":"J Osteopath Med"},{"key":"12558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.2545","volume":"150","author":"MM Mims","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mims MM, Parikh AC, Sandhu Z, DeMoss N, Mhawej R, Queimado L (2024) Surgery-related considerations in treating people who use cannabis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150:918","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"12558_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2019.0054","volume":"4","author":"KS Ladha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ladha KS, Manoo V, Virji A-F, Hanlon JG, Mclaren-Blades A, Goel A, Wijeysundera DN, Kotra LP, Ibarra C, Englesakis M (2019) The impact of perioperative cannabis use: a narrative scoping review. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 4:219\u2013230","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"12558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16519","volume":"119","author":"JP Caulkins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caulkins JP (2024) Changes in self-reported cannabis use in the United States from 1979 to 2022. Addiction 119:1648\u20131652","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"12558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.008","volume":"204","author":"WM Compton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Compton WM, Han B, Jones CM, Blanco C (2019) Cannabis use disorders among adults in the United States during a time of increasing use of cannabis. Drug Alcohol Depend 204:107468","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"12558_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2022.0189","volume":"8","author":"S Saleem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saleem S, Tarar ZI, Aziz M, Alsamman MA, Tansel A, Abell TL (2023) Cannabis use in patients with gastroparesis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 8:1100\u20131105","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"12558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1940219","volume":"133","author":"DS Dahiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dahiya DS, Kichloo A, Shaka H, Singh J, Edigin E, Solanki D, Eseaton PO, Wani F (2021) Gastroparesis with cannabis use: a retrospective study from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Postgrad Med 133:791\u2013797","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"12558_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilani Y, Gonzalez Mosquera DA, Puelo PC, Aldiabat M, Ruffle JK, Madi MY, Farmer AD (2025) The impact of cannabis use in gastroparesis: a propensity-matched analysis of 41,374 gastroparesis patients. Am J Gastroenterol 121(1):248\u2013257","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003479"},{"key":"12558_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05963-2","volume":"65","author":"HP Parkman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parkman HP, Sharkey EP, Nguyen LA, Yates KP, Abell TL, Hasler WL, Snape W, Clarke J, Schey R, Koch KL, Kuo B, McCallum RW, Sarosiek I, Grover M, Farrugia G, Tonascia J, Pasricha PJ (2019) Marijuana use in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis: prevalence, patient characteristics, and perceived benefit. Dig Dis Sci 65:2311\u20132320","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"12558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001295","volume":"54","author":"D Shahsavari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahsavari D, Zhao H, Ehrlich AC, Zoll BE, Lu X, Malik Z, Parkman HP (2019) Factors associated with hospital admissions and readmissions in patients with gastroparesis using the Nationwide Readmission Database. J Clin Gastroenterol 54:801\u2013805","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"12558_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001526","volume":"56","author":"TR McCarty","year":"2021","unstructured":"McCarty TR, Chouairi F, Hathorn KE, Chan WW, Thompson CC (2021) Trends and socioeconomic health outcomes of cannabis use among patients with gastroparesis. J Clin Gastroenterol 56:324\u2013330","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"12558_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6430","author":"B Barbash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbash B, Mehta D, Siddiqui MT, Chawla L, Dworkin B (2019) Impact of cannabinoids on symptoms of refractory gastroparesis: a single-center experience. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.6430","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"12558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.2403","volume":"158","author":"PP Potnuru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Potnuru PP, Jonna S, Williams GW (2023) Cannabis use disorder and perioperative complications. JAMA Surg 158:935","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"12558_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.12085","volume":"48","author":"BD Lo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lo BD, Chen SY, Stem M, Papanikolaou A, Gabre-Kidan A, Safar B, Efron JE, Atallah C (2024) Prevalence of cannabis use disorder and perioperative outcomes in adult colectomy patients: A propensity score-matched analysis. World J Surg 48:701\u2013712","journal-title":"World J Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-025-12558-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00464-025-12558-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-025-12558-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:39:01Z","timestamp":1782859141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00464-025-12558-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["12558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-025-12558-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-2794","1432-2218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-2794","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Drs. Sven E. Eriksson, Naveed Chaudhry, Ping Zheng, Shahin Ayazi and Ms. Margaret E. Gardner and Ms. Tara Zarrineh have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}