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Dr. Jos\u00e9lio Rodrigues de Oliveira Filho; Dr. Ikemsinachi C. Nzenwa; Dr. Michael A. Kochis and Dr. Cornelia L. Griggs, declare no conflicts of interest and no financial ties to disclose. American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}